工程项目投标报价策略分析

本文在介绍我国工程项目投标报价现状的基础上,提出了采用基于工程量清单的报价模式,介绍了工程量清单报价模式的含义、与传统的定额报价的区别及工程量清单报价模式的优点,同时论述了工程量清单报价的编制内容,最后提出了工程项目投标报价中应注意的问题。     

特大型桥梁工程投标报价的编制

在特大桥投标中,报价并不是中标的唯一因素,但报价是中标因素中一个极其重要的因素,因此有必要研究报价编制、报价策略和方法,以期多中标,中好标。文中结合工程实例,从特大桥投标报价编制应关注的细节入手,探讨报价技巧和报价策略,提出投标报价应注意的问题,利于提高投标报价的效益和效率。     

如何科学合理编制工程投标报价

投标报价是关系到工程能否中标的关键。此文从投标准备工作、投标报价编制、工程成本分析、合理确定投标报价等几个方面论述了如何科学、合理的编制工程投标报价。     

如何在工程量清单招标模式下提高中标率

工程量清单报价是国际上普遍采用的工程招标投标方式,有着成熟的操作程序。随着我国加入世界贸易组织和相关政策、法规的陆续出台实施,建设工程已经开始实行工程量清单报价。在工程量清单报价模式下,决定中标的关键因素就是清单报价。采取何种报价策略,如何进行报价,对是否中标起着至关重要的作用。     

设计、采购、施工总承包(EPC)合同报价审查探讨

本文阐述了EPC总承包合同谈判中报价审查的过程,通过报价审查以确定合同价款。审查主要包括:报价与概算对比及偏差分析、划分业主与承包商供货范围、报价与市场价格对比、各装置同类型设备材料价格的统一、工程量审查、运用指标法及比例法等价格测算方法审查、报价审定并预测项目总投资。     

基于工程量清单的招投标

通过对工程量清单报价在工程项目招投标中的运用,体现工程量清单报价在现行报价模式中的优越性、公正性。以及工程量清单模式招投标实施过程中的风险、障碍分析,阐述工程量清单报价模式下招投标的应用探析。．     

浅谈公路工程施工投标报价的运用

本文结合工作经验对施工企业在公路工程施工投标活动中,应注意哪些问题、如何确定投标报价、以及投标报价的策略和常用的方法等进行了分析、探讨.从编标过程和日常相关资料积累两方面论述了如何做好投标报价的基础工作,详细探讨了投标报价的技巧,指出施工单位要在投标竞争中赢得先机,需做好投标报价的基础工作,运用适当的报价技巧,从而提高中标率及经济效益.     

浅谈公路工程投标报价的编制

文章主要从投标报价前的调查与现场考察、投标报价书的编制与投标报价策略等方面进行了浅谈。     

工程量清单报价与传统报价模式比较研究

工程量清单报价与传统报价所反映的工程造价内涵是一致的,但在价格形成的指导思想、计价模式、标评原则及方法等方面存在着本质的区别.文章就工程量清单报价与传统报价进行比较研究,以探索两者之间的内在联系和本质区别.     

谈水利水电工程施工投标报价技巧

报价是招投标评分的关键因素之一,其比重通常占一半甚至更高,是招投标竞争的重要环节。本文结合实力水电工程施工项目招投标实际,对不平衡报价法、优惠条件法、多方案报价法、修改设计法以及突然降价法等报价技巧进行全面介绍。     

浅析GNSS发展现状及应用

文章主要介绍了GNSS的组成部分GPS、GALILEO、GLONASS、北斗卫星导航系统的发展现状,以及GNSS在现代测绘、交通、公共安全和救援和现代农业各领域的运用,通过介绍GNSS在各个领域的应用我们可以看出,应用GNSS可以给生活或者生产带来巨大的改变。GNSS应用产业具有高技术、高投入、高附加值、高成长性的特点,随着GNSS技术向民用的开放,GNSS必将成为继通信、互联网之后的信息产业第三个新的增长点和国家综合国力的重要组成部分。通过对我国GNSS农业生产的计划和展望,应用GNSS必定会为我国的农业发展以及社会经济的发展带来巨大的推动作用。     

农村教师全员培训实效性的探索

我国农村教师全员培训工作在各级教育行政部门的领导下,在各级培训院校的共同努力下,形成了培训形式的多样化;培训内容的多元化;培训管理的制度化。但是在培训时间、内容、方式、师资力量方面还存在着不可忽视的问题,为了增强农村教师全员培训工作的实效性,从培训的内容和目标要求;培训方法;培训管理;培训制度;培训评价方面进行改革,使农村教师培训工作能适应基础教育发展的需求。     

产品品种规格类标准的研制方法

本文分析了品种规格标准的属性、地位、建立、作用等特点,论述了品种规格标准的内容结构及其要素,划分了五种品种规格类标准的类型,分别阐述了每种标准的主要内容、表述方式和作用等,研究了品种规格的分类和命名关系,讨论了标准中优选原则的建立,论述了品种规格优选的方法,提供了标准中管理的典型内容,给出了标准应用指导的设计方法。     

The Theory of Socially Embedded Games: The Mathematics of Social Relationships,Rule Complexes,and Action Modalities

In their classic work, Von Neumann and Morgensterndefined a game as simply the totality of the rules which describe it. Theydid not, however, elaborate a theory of rules. Such considerations lead toconceptualizing rules and rule configurations as mathematical objects, specifyingthe principles for combining rules, developing the theory of revising,replacing, and, in general transforming rules and rule complexes. Themathematics is based on contemporary developments at the interface ofmathematics, logic, and computer science. This article, drawing on themathematical theory of rules and rule complexes, extends and generalizes gametheory (GGT). The theory of rule complexes is used to conceptualize andanalyze diverse social relationships, roles, and games as particulartypes of rule complexes. A social role, for instance, is the major basisof an individual's action in a game. It consists of at least four majorcomponents – which are mathematical objects – in the determinationof action: value complex, model of reality (including beliefs and knowledgebases), a repertoire of acts, routines, programs, and strategies, and modalities,role-specific algorithms for determininig or generating action in gamesettings. The article focuses on three types of action modality routineor habitual, normative, andinstrumental modalities. The theory: (1) provides a cultural/institutionalbasis for a theory of gameswhere games, social relationships, and rolesare formalized in terms of rule complexes; (2) explains human action as a formof rule application or rule-following action, which underlies allmodalities of action; (3) formulates the theory that actors construct an action or make choices amongalternative actions by making comparisons and judging similarity (ordissimilarity) between an option or options considered and their norms and values,and, in general, determine whether or not, and to what degree, a value,norm, or goal will be realized or satisfied; (4)reconceptualizes ``game' as a social form and makes a distinction between open and closed games.     

电子音乐流派的社会变革(英文)

从社会和政治变化、电子音乐流派的发展,形成了电子音乐,科学和技术的发展对电子音乐有重大的影响。他们是四个不同历史时期的发展——未来派,法西斯主义,达达派、电子音乐的时期。从最早使用:麦架,嘘声,窃窃私语,爆炸等。音乐和表达感情的表现,在阶级斗争,政治变革和经济危机、发展迅速的电子音乐,用在许多不同的零件,例如播放音乐、电影、电视等,都成了一个必不可少的组成部分的音乐市场。     

教练员的有效训练行为

运用系统分析和逻辑思辨的方法对一些文献资料进行回顾.以归纳有效训练行为的内容和模式,文中的内容包括:有效训练行为评价的关键;有效训练行为的内容形式;有效训练行为的特点和模式;有效训练行为的外在因素.     

市场学方法与城市规划研究探讨

市场学是集生产、市场、消费、环境于一体的一门科学。市场学自产生发展至今,应用领域得到横纵的广泛延伸。在城市规划中,市场学方法同样得到广泛应用。以市场学理论和方法为导向的城市规划逐渐成为城市发展的主体。本文作者就城市规划的市场学方法进行研究探讨,分析了城市规划从规划招标、定向发展至规划实施以及规划消费等诸多环节的市场学特性,阐述了市场经济下城市规划的对策。     

Reading Bauman and Retrotopia

The work of Zygmunt Bauman, insofar as it addressed the organizational world, saw it initially as a total institution, one in which the organization, as a specific entity defined by those activities it envelops, was focused on the central task of liquidation (Bauman, 1989). du Gay (2002) critically interrogated the bureaucratic character of this total institution in an influential thesis that ‘praised’ bureaucracy as a normative ideal of modernity. It is not, however, this debate with the ghost of Max Weber that has been of most concern to contemporary management and organization studies. Rather, it a later image of organization as decomposing, fragmenting, opening, reforming and deforming. In a word, organization is becoming more ‘liquid’, such that boundaries, choices and control are shifting in the direction of increasing fluidity and plurality. Key themes that are identified are those of liquid society, composing liquid ethics, liquid dynamics, liquid selves and liquid spaces and aesthetics. There are, however, outer limits to liquid modernity as they are enacted in terms of myths that Bauman refers to as leading to Retrotopia: a sickly nostalgia for an imagined past as a source of inspiration, a mythical utopia, where things were better managed and organized. Thus, the outer limit of a liquid society becomes a retrospective and backward looking utopia: Retrotopia, a myth whose contours are outlined and whose implications for management and organization studies are expounded.     

On the formal definition of the systems’ interoperability capability: an anthropomorphic approach

The extended view of enterprise information systems in the Internet of Things (IoT) introduces additional complexity to the interoperability problems. In response to this, the problem of systems’ interoperability is revisited by taking into the account the different aspects of philosophy, psychology, linguistics and artificial intelligence, namely by analysing the potential analogies between the processes of human and system communication. Then, the capability to interoperate as a property of the system, is defined as a complex ability to seamlessly sense and perceive a stimulus from its environment (assumingly, a message from any other system), make an informed decision about this perception and consequently, articulate a meaningful and useful action or response, based on this decision. Although this capability is defined on the basis of the existing interoperability theories, the proposed approach to its definition excludes the assumption on the awareness of co-existence of two interoperating systems. Thus, it establishes the links between the research of interoperability of systems and intelligent software agents, as one of the systems’ digital identities.     

仓内施药与仓外施药环流熏蒸法对比试验

以往的常规熏蒸存在着费用高、劳动强度高、残留高等特点,而单纯的环流熏蒸方式虽然在一定程度上节省人力,降低有毒气体对操作人员的身体损害,比较适用于现在的高大平房仓,但是其熏蒸过程相对复杂、各种机械设备运用程度高、熏蒸投药过程长,如果仓房密闭效果不是太好的话还必须进行补药.针对以上情况,经过几年的研究、摸索、对比,最后采用了仓内粮面投药,仓外环流的缓释环流熏蒸方法.此种熏蒸方法降低了熏蒸费用,同时也减少了熏蒸时间和人员接触毒气时间,不需要补药,熏蒸效果相对较好.