区域差距与亟待解决的问题

缩小区域差距、促进区域经济协调发展是我国长期以来经济社会发展战略的重点之一。西部大开发以来,我国的区域政策推动了中西部地区经济社会的飞速发展,初步改变了区域差距扩大趋势。在十二五期间,缩小区域差距需要区域政策的支持,要制定更加具有差异化、工具和手段更加多样的、更加具有协调性和融合性的、更加深化和具体的区域政策,作为缩小区域差距的主要途径。     

企业战略转型的“三重缺口”与动态机制形成

在明确资源缺口、能力缺口、文化缺口及其关系的基础上,构建一个系统、全面反映企业转型障碍及克服障碍过程的理论模型,将战略转型过程分解为资源整合、能力重构和文化变革三个过程。模型将企业战略转型这一企业管理实践的难题与动态能力形成机制这一理论难题结合在一起,从动态能力的视角出发,战略转型过程为:为追求竞争优势而执行的战略转型引发三类缺口,弥补缺口引发动态能力的形成,动态能力的形成支持企业获取新的竞争优势。     

诺贝尔经济学奖获得者视野的“三个差距”

三个差距是诺贝尔经济学奖获得者研究社会经济现实问题的重要方面,他们从不平等的性质、经济发展阶段、权利关系、欠发达问题、社会发展目标等方面界定了三个差距的本质,提出了循环积累因果理论、库兹涅茨倒U理论、二元经济结构理论、人力资本差异学说、制度与增长差异理论、效率与公平关系、比较优势差异等一系列关于三个差距的形成理论,并提出了解决三个差距的经济社会机制。     

“三个差距”的变动趋势及调整对策:重庆个案

贫富、城乡、区域三个差距已成为现阶段经济社会发展的障碍。以重庆为个案,测算并计量分析其三个差距的变动趋势。基于此,十二五期间,重庆必须完善微观分配制度、加强宏观调控,同时实施社保、金融等各方面的综合配套改革措施,以便顺利实现缩小三个差距、促进共同富裕的战略目标,更好地促进经济社会的全面发展。     

珠海东、西区经济社会协调发展的思考

进入新时期新阶段,珠海特区面临着许多从未有过的新机遇和新挑战,需要我们在深刻认真总结特区30年伟大实践和历史经验的基础上,不断增强和提高解放思想、实事求是的坚定性和自觉性,不断研究如何逐步缩小东、西区差距,进一步加快特区经济社会协调发展、科学发展,始终坚持走可持续发展、科学发展的具有中国特色的社会主义特区道路以提高珠海国内竞争力和国际影响力则是摆在我们面前的一项十分紧迫而又重大的现实问题。     

中国农村居民收入增长及空间差异演变

考虑到惯用的可分解组合的锡尔系数的缺点，故用独立锡尔系数对中国改革开放以来不同地理空间单元的农民收入差异情况进行测度。研究认为：农民收入差异在拉大，大部分省域农民收入水平都低于全国平均值，农民收入水平从东向西呈阶梯状分布；1995年以来．不同地理空间范围内的农民收入差异具有分层现象，差异程度由高到低依次是东西部、南部、全国、北部、东中部、东部、中西部、西部、中部；中部、西部、中西部的省际差异不大，其余层次的省际差异突出。全国、南部、北部、东部、东中部、东西部省际差异的演变轨迹高度相关，它们与中部、西部、中西部省际差异的演化轨迹负相关。     

论统筹城乡发展的三个层面

实现城乡统筹发展,在经济层面上要缩小城乡差距,在社会层面上要消除城乡差别,在自然层面上要尊重城乡差异。     

论房地产价格规律理论及其功能原理

置业投资系数CIP=(0,4]也是房价收入比,某地房地产均价Hp等于该地CIP乘以该地人平工资Wa。由之证明房价可粗略评估为人平月入三倍,进而可将房价Hp分解成三个Hp/3的组成结构。随着科技生产力发展,土地产出率不断提高,GDP、房价都应增长。基于地球村为人类共有和科技生产力由人类创造,增长的GDP应由全民共享,故房价的Hp/3应用于补贴"三农"补偿土地出让以缩小工农城乡差距,另Hp/3应用于充实社保以缩小贫富差距,剩下的Hp/3作为房屋造价和开发商利润。可见,房价经分解成三个Hp/3后具有宏调功能,在(0,4]内的适度高房价乃土地产出率不断提高的反映,有利于缩小收入差距,在改善民生克服经济危机中推动GDP平稳增长。     

What Determines China's Grain Imports and Self‐sufficiency? The Role of Rising Domestic Costs and Varying World Market Prices

China's grain sectors have faced unprecedented challenges in recent years as the ever‐increasing and historically high level of grain output has failed to reduce grain imports. On the contrary, high grain imports and high domestic stock have accompanied historically high domestic output, a situation dubbed the “triple high” phenomenon in current policy discussion. This paper explores the role of widening domestic–world market price gaps in determining the triple high phenomenon. Unlike earlier studies that relied on production capacities, this paper argues that domestic production and demand (hence imports) are functions of domestic and world market prices and proposes an analytical framework to explicitly capture such price gaps under restricted trade linkages in general equilibrium. Following this approach, a set of price scenarios for the 2011–2020 period are constructed and simulated in a computable general equilibrium model. Results from the core scenarios, in which recent domestic and world market price trends are assumed to continue, suggest that further widening price gaps would substantially increase grain imports and reduce domestic output (by 60 million tons) and self‐sufficiency ratios from base levels. In the alternative scenarios with larger (smaller) price gaps, we find higher (lower) imports and larger (smaller) decreases in domestic output and self‐sufficiency ratios. Such results provide important policy implications as China's agricultural policy undergoes significant adjustment.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.