越南外商直接投资及经济增长关系的实证研究

越南从1986年开始改革开放（经济改革、对外开放政策）以来,经济建设取得举世瞩目的发展。当然,外商直接投资FDI对经济发展起了很大的推动作用,本文运用经济学的基本原理和方法（ADF检定,AIC准则,SC准则,OLS）对越南外商直接投资FDI对经济发展的推动作用进行实证分析和研究。并得出FDI有效推动经济发展,给出一些加强FDI推动经济发展的意见和建议。     

Inflation,financial development,and growth: A trilateral analysis

A large body of evidence links financial development to economic growth, yet the channels through which inflation affects this relationship and its stability have been less thoroughly explored. We take an econometric and graphical approach to examining these channels, and find that higher levels of financial development, combined with low-inflation, are related to higher rates of economic growth, especially in lower income countries, but that financial development loses much of its explanatory power in the presence of high-inflation. In particular, small increases in the price level seem able to wipe out relatively large growth effects of financial deepening when the annual rate of inflation lies between 4% and 19%, whereas the operation of the finance–growth link is less affected by inflation rates above this range. Growth is generally much lower, however, in such high-inflation settings where financial development is typically repressed.     

Financial development,portfolio investments and the real economy in Africa

According to the conservative view, capital flows enhance economic growth. Focussing on Africa’s real economy, this study investigates the linkage between portfolio investments and real sector growth, and whether financial sector development strengthens this association. The study covers 30 countries over the period 1990–2017. We adopt the Lewbel instrumental variable general method of moments (IV-GMM) two-step robust estimator, which relies on heteroscedasticity for identification, while dealing with instrument insufficiency, unavailability, endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We found that portfolio equity has no growth impact on Africa’s real sector. Debt flows deter the growth of the overall real sector as well as the manufacturing and industrial sectors, but have no impact on agriculture and service growth. We found that financial development does strengthen the positive association between capital flows and economic growth, but this is dependent on the type of sector and portfolio investment, as well as on the degree of financial development. We control for known determinants of economic growth.     

Derivatives market and economic growth nexus: Policy implications for emerging markets

The derivatives market plays a crucial role in an economy. However, its link to economic growth and macroeconomic factors seem to be insufficiently covered in academic research despite the publication of many empirical studies on the causality of finance and growth. Recently, many emerging markets, such as Vietnam, have decided to establish a derivatives markets for risk management to ensure stability in the economy. This paper investigates the dynamic relationship among these key variables using up-to-date panel data on 17 countries, for which required data are available until 2017. This study yields various findings. First, bidirectional Granger causality between derivatives markets and economic growth exists internationally. Second, using panel vector autoregression, impulse-response functions, variance decomposition techniques as well as panel econometrics estimations, we find that trade openness and government spending have more effects on the derivatives market than economic growth and inflation. Third, we document that the derivatives market has a more integrated direct relationship with economic growth and macroeconomic factors in high-income countries than their upper-middle-income counterparts. These new findings are essential for consideration by policy makers in emerging markets in relation to the development of their derivatives markets.     

金融发展与农村经济增长关系研究的综述

金融发展与经济增长关系研究一直以来备受国内外学者的关注。为更全面研究金融发展对农村经济增长的促进作用,本文回顾了国外学者对金融发展与经济增长关系的研究,以及我国在此方面理论的创新。同时总结了金融发展与农村经济增长的实证研究,诸如相关指标设计和采用较新的计量方法对理论研究的检验等。     

金融发展对经济增长影响的实证分析——以多民族集聚地区云南省为例

金融发展与经济增长之间的关系,一直存在着争议,通过采用计量经济学的相关方法,对多民族聚居地区云南省金融发展与经济增长数据进行ADF平稳性检验、协整检验,得出云南省金融发展与经济增长存在长期均衡关系,通过OLS回归测算出经济增长与金融发展的具体模型,发现云南省金融发展对经济增长具有促进作用,格兰杰非因果性检验表明云南省金融发展是经济增长变化的格兰杰原因,最后得出结论并提出相关政策建议。     

Exploring the role of technology,tourism and financial development: an empirical study of Vietnam

Vietnam is one of the emerging and industrializing developing countries in East Asia that has experienced a growth in tourism, information and communications technology (ICT) and financial development over the last three decades largely supported by significant structural reforms to escalate its path towards modernization and industrialization by 2020. In this paper, we explore the short-run and long-run effects of tourism, ICT and financial development over the period 1980–2010. Further, we examine the causation between these contemporary drivers of growth. The results show tourism has a positive and statistically significant effect in the short-run whereas ICT and financial development have a momentous positive and significant effect in the long-run. The causality results show unidirectional causation from capital per worker, ICT and financial development to output per worker; from ICT and financial development to capital per worker; and from capital per worker to tourism. Further, we also note a bi-directional causation between tourism and output per worker indicating their mutually reinforcing effect in the economy.     

中国经济发展中金融与经济关系问题研究

对于我国经济发展过程中金融和经济之间的关系以及问题进行研究,自从20世纪60年代就已经开始,主要是就金融发展和经济增长之间的关系进行相关探讨,这是在开展相关研究工作中最中心的问题。开展相关研究工作时,主要是就金融发展是否会对经济增长产生推动作用进行探讨,两者之间是否具有因果关系。     

THE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH NEXUS: A META‐ANALYSIS

We conduct a meta‐analysis of the literature of financial development and economic growth. We cover a large number of empirical studies and estimations that have been published in journal articles. We measure the degree of heterogeneity and identify the causes of the observed differentiation. Among the most significant factors behind this heterogeneity is the choice of financial‐variable proxies, the kind of data used as well as whether a study takes into account the issue of endogeneity. Our results suggest that the empirical literature on the finance–growth nexus is not free from publication bias. Also, a genuine positive effect exists between financial development and economic growth.     

对我国区际经济与金融差距关联性的实证分析

各区域间金融发展的差异对经济发展差距有无影响以及影响机制如何成为经济学研究的一项任务。以塞尔指标衡量我国经济与金融发展差距,发现我国区域间经济发展差距与金融发展差距呈现一致的变动关系,且金融差距大于经济差距。由此引出的基本判断是我国区际经济差距的逻辑原因有金融因素,进而采用格兰杰因果关系检验判断我国省际金融发展与经济增长间的关系,从中可以明确我国东部地区金融成长偏重于内生状态,而中西部地区更倾向于外生状态。考虑到改革的总体方向,并借鉴东部地区的经验,放松金融抑制、催化内生金融成长无疑是全面促进中西部经济发展的必然选择。     

金融发展、FDI技术溢出与中国经济增长——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

基于1990年-2008年中国省际面板数据,就金融发展水平决定的FDI溢出效应对中国经济增长影响的实证研究表明,样本期内FDI通过其资本积累效应,对中国经济增长产生了显著的促进作用,且这一作用有随时间而强化的趋势;金融发展具有放大FDI技术溢出效应的作用,并由此对中国经济增长产生正面影响,但目前来看这一影响还比较小;"金融抑制"现象依然存在并对中国经济增长产生了不利影响,但在经历了多年的金融体制改革之后,"金融抑制"现象已有所减轻,其对经济增长的负面影响趋于减弱。     

A SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LITERATURE OF FINANCE AND GROWTH

Abstract.  This paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of financial development and economic growth. The survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of financial development in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables. Although the positive role of finance on growth has become a stylized fact, there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies. Several key issues unresolved in the literature are highlighted. The paper also points to several directions for future research.     

BANKING SECTOR POLICIES AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL

ABSTRACT This paper examines the interactions between banking sector policies, financial development and economic growth in Nepal employing recently developed time series techniques. Policies such as interest rate controls, directed credit programmes, reserve and liquidity requirements are identified and measured. A summary measure of repressive policies is constructed by the method of principal components. This measure is found to have a statistically significant influence deepening, independently of the real interest rate. We argue that our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of market failure. Exogeneity tests suggest that financial deepening and economic growth are jointly determined. Thus, policies which affect financial deepening may also have an influence on economic growth.     

Debt,financial sector development and Asian economic growth

This special issue of Economic Systems includes four papers that broadly relate to the relationship between financial sector development and debt in the Asia-Pacific region. The motivation underlying the choice of the Asia-Pacific region in this special issue is due to the increasing importance that this region will play in powering future world economic growth. In addition, in recent times the focus has been upon the importance of equity and financial sector development, as opposed to debt. The world currently faces many economic imbalances and increasing importance is being placed in the Asia-Pacific upon the breadth and depth of bond markets in helping to restore equilibrium in the world economy. Debt influences corporate funding opportunities and may assist countries in achieving sustainable economic growth. These four papers contribute to our knowledge on the relationship between debt and financial sector development.     

Further evidence on finance-growth causality: A panel data analysis

This paper reassesses the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth. Using recently developed panel methods on a data set of 71 developed and developing countries over the period 1960-2004, our study confirms previous results of a bidirectional causality between finance and growth. In addition, we show significant differences among country groups when considering both long-run and short-run causality. While in low and middle income countries there is no supportive evidence of short-run causality between financial development and economic growth, in high income countries economic growth significantly affects financial development.     

Bank competition,financial development and macroeconomic stability: Empirical evidence from emerging economies

In this study, we investigate the potential contribution of bank competition to macroeconomic stability, and the interactive role of financial development. We classify macroeconomic stability into economic and financial stability. Economic stability is represented by the volatility of actual and unexpected output growth, whereas financial stability is assessed by the aggregate Z-score and volatility of the private credit-to-gross domestic product ratio. We employ two structural and two non-structural measures of bank competition in our analysis. Applying a two-step dynamic panel system (GMM) to macroeconomic data from 48 developing nations from 1999 to 2018, we find a bell-shaped relationship between bank competition and macroeconomic stability. The findings imply that a higher level of bank competition promotes macroeconomic stability by reducing output growth volatility, fluctuations in private credit, and the probability of bank default. There is an optimal level of bank competition beyond which it may foster economic and financial instability. Moreover, financial development enhances bank competition’s positive impact on macroeconomic stability.     

北京新常态经济增长的金融支持问题研究

从金融资源空间布局、金融与其他产业的关联性以及金融对经济增长的DEA效率等方面,该文分析了北京金融对经济的整体支持情况与各区县支持情况,发现北京金融业发展的波动性、金融业与其他产业的较低关联性及各区县金融资源空间布局的不平衡性不利于新常态经济增长。建议顶层做好总体规划,同时,各区县应根据整体发展需要与自身优势,提高金融对经济增长的支持效率与质量。     

The linkages among energy consumption,economic growth,relative price,foreign direct investment,and financial development in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to analyse the causal relationship among energy consumption, economic growth, relative price, financial development (FD) and foreign direct investment in Malaysia using a multivariate framework. This study covers a sample from 1972 to 2009. Both the Johansen–Juselius cointegration test and bounds testing approach to cointegration consistently suggest that the variables are cointegrated. We find that energy consumption and economic growth Granger causes each other in the short and long run. In addition, both FDI-led growth and finance-led growth hypotheses are also supported by the findings from this study. Ultimately, energy is a prominent resource for financial sector development in Malaysia because we find that energy consumption Granger causes FD. Policymakers should implement a dual strategy that, on one hand, increases investment in energy infrastructure to ensure that the supply of energy is sufficient for the financial sector and economic development, while, on the other, encourages R&D in green technology such as exercising proper soil conservation techniques and sustainable farming practices in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. By doing so, environmental problems such as carbon dioxide emissions can be minimised without affecting economic growth and financial sector development in Malaysia.     

区域金融发展与经济增长关系实证研究——以山东省为例

区域金融发展与经济增长关系的实证是金融发展理论研究的深化。以山东省为研究区域,通过构建反映区域金融发展与经济增长全貌的指标体系,运用主成分分析、基于VAR系统的多重协整检验等计量方法和统计技术,可得到四组八个协整方程。实证结果表明:山东金融机构规模,股票市场发展,经济金融化综合水平与经济增长和投资之间均存在长期均衡关系,且为正相关;但金融机构低效率却影响了经济增长。对这一实证结果的经济解释,能够为山东进一步深化区域金融体制改革提供有益的启示。     

资本账户开放、系统性金融风险与经济高质量发展

扩大资本账户开放是中国完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要举措。资本账户开放不仅对经济高质量发展存在直接传导渠道，亦可通过“撬动”金融稳定导致系统性金融风险，进而对经济高质量发展产生影响。那么，资本账户开放影响经济高质量发展的传导效应究竟如何？本文运用具备随机波动率特征的时变参数结构向量自回归模型动态识别资本账户开放、系统性金融风险及经济高质量发展的时变特征，并通过资本账户开放关键时点的选择，详细刻画资本账户开放的传导渠道。实证结果表明：一方面，“资本账户开放—经济高质量发展”直接传导渠道显示资本账户开放短期对经济高质量发展有显著的、波动性的影响，但中长期传导效应并不明确；另一方面，“资本账户开放—系统性金融风险—经济高质量发展”间接传导渠道表明，资本账户开放短期稳健抑制了系统性金融风险增长，但中长期易受国内外经济形势波动影响出现抑制弱化，增强系统性金融风险对经济高质量发展的负向影响，推进资本账户开放的积极作用不能通过金融渠道长期有效地传导至社会经济发展中。因此，中国应遵循自身发展实际，渐进、审慎地推进资本账户开放，在防范系统性金融风险的前提下，疏通金融支持经济高质量发展的渠道。