婴儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌检测方法的改进

目前常用的阪崎肠杆菌的分离鉴定方法存在许多不足。通过改进目前常用方法,使得选择性大大提高,可疑菌落易于识别,检测周期缩短,可检测出仅含1个阪崎肠杆菌的接种样品。改进方法与原标准方法的定性验证实验结果一致,定量重复实验结果良好。用改进方法开展市场上婴幼儿奶粉、婴幼儿补充食品中的阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查,婴幼儿奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌检出率为7．3％,婴幼儿补充食品中阪崎肠杆菌检出率为25％。     

食品中阪崎肠杆菌和单增李斯特氏菌检测能力验证结果与分析

目的:验证本实验室对食品中阪崎肠杆菌和单增李斯特氏菌的检出能力。方法:按照能力验证作业指导书、《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验阪崎肠杆菌检验》(GB 4789.40-2010)和《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》(GB 4789.30-2010)进行检验。结果:样品14-P346检出阪崎肠杆菌,样品14-T795检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。结论:组织者对本实验室此次能力验证实验结果评价满意,说明本实验室同时具有阪崎肠杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的检测能力。     

奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测方法研究

[目的] 建立和提出奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测方法.[方法] 利用细菌16S和23S rDNA的保守区作为通用引物,对6株阪崎肠杆菌16S～23S rDNA间区序列(ISR)进行了扩增和测序,在比较阪崎肠杆菌与其近源株16S1～23S rDNA间区序列的基础上,设计了11条阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测引物,组合成30对PCR引物并筛选出一对阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测的特异性引物,建立了奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测方法.[结果] 用10株阪崎肠杆菌,18株近源菌验证试验表明,本文所建立的PCR方法特异性强;加菌试验表明,奶粉样品中阪崎肠杆菌检测低限为2.2～5.4cfu/100g,灵敏度高;新建的PCR方法与FDA BAM方法比较试验表明,两种方法的检测结果完全符合.[结论] 本文提出的奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测方法填补了国内空白,达到了国际先进水平,可在实际工作中推广.     

能力验证试验中阪崎肠杆菌的检测

目的:完善和强化实验室质量管理体系,增强和提高实验室的市场竞争力。方法:采用食品安全国家标准GB 4789.40-2016《食品微生物学检验阪崎肠杆菌检验》。结果:采用多种鉴定方法对样品和标准菌株进行对照检测,结果为未检出阪崎肠杆菌。结论:中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)对本实验室检测的能力验证样品试验结果判断为满意。     

阪崎肠杆菌——食品安全控制新目标

2004年初，联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织在日内瓦召开了有关婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌及其他病原微生物(包括沙门氏菌、肉毒杆菌等)的专家咨询会，认为婴幼儿配方奶粉中的阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等是导致婴幼儿感染、疾病和死亡的主要原因。阪崎肠杆菌可以对任何年龄段的人群引起疾病，但对1岁以下、特别是出生28天以内、早产儿、低体重儿或免疫缺陷的婴幼儿更容易被感染。     

进口乳制品中阪崎杆菌的耐药性分析

本文对从进口乳制品中分离到的3株阪崎杆菌和2株阪崎杆菌标准株进行了药敏试验,实验结果显示该细菌对头孢类、青霉素类、氨基糖甙类、单环β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素均敏感,与国外报道相一致,说明该细菌在肠杆菌科细菌里属耐药性不显著的细菌。     

阪崎肠杆菌检测方法的研究进展与优化

阪崎肠杆菌（Enterobacter Sakazakii）是乳制品中近几年新发现的一种致病菌,是肠杆菌科的一种。目前国际社会上针对该菌的研究无论是在医学还是公共卫生学上都具有极其重要的意义。阪崎肠杆菌菌型繁多,传统的血清学鉴定、选择性和非选择性增菌等检测方法存在灵敏度低、耗时长等缺点,难以满足食品及,临床应用。国内外学者对阪崎肠杆菌检测技术进行了大量研究,并取得了一定的进展。检测方法主要分为以免疫学为基础的方法、分子生物学方法、联合方法三类方法。该文就这三类方法研究进展进行概述。     

脉冲强光对牛奶中阪崎肠杆菌杀菌效果的影响

本文采用响应面法优化脉冲强光对鲜牛奶细菌杀灭工艺条件,以闪照次数、闪照距离和牛奶质量为影响因子,以灭菌率作为响应值。基于此,本文就响应曲面法用于优化脉冲强光对牛奶中阪崎肠杆菌杀菌工艺的效果展开相关叙述。     

弧菌显色培养基（ChromID Vibrio）对霍乱弧菌检测效果的探讨

[目的]探讨梅里埃弧菌显色培养基（简称ChromID Vibrio）对霍乱弧菌的检测效果。[方法]通过ChromID Vibrio弧菌显色培养基同硫代硫酸盐-柠檬酸盐-胆盐-蔗糖（简称TCBS）琼脂培养基进行比对,采用阳性菌株直接平板计数、人工污染样品和实际样品检测的方法,对ChromID Vibrio的灵敏性、特异性和检测效果进行了评价。[结果]ChromID Vibrio弧菌显色培养基上霍乱弧菌典型菌落是蓝绿色。阳性菌株直接平板计数及人工污染试验均表明ChromID Vibrio平板的敏感性均比TCBS平板高。对采集的300份实际样品进行检测,都未检出霍乱弧菌。[结论]ChromID Vibrio具有较好的灵敏性、特异性,能提高霍乱弧菌检测效率。     

四种分离式培养基检测沙门氏菌的效果比对

目的:为了更好地开展食品中沙门氏菌的检验工作,使检测工作更加准确、高效,保障食品安全,开展此项目的研究。方法:参照食品国家标准食品微生物检验GB 4789.4-2010食品中沙门氏菌的检验和GB4789.28-2013培养基和试剂的质量要求。结果:本次研究选用的沙门氏菌显色培养基(CAS)、亚硫酸铋琼脂(BS)、木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆盐琼脂(XLD)和HE琼脂(HE)4种培养基的生长率、选择性、特异性均符合GB4789.28-2013中的要求,通过实际加标的结果对比分析发现,显色培养基CAS要优于BS、XLD、HE培养基。结论:在这四种分离式培养基中,显色培养基CAS在分离食品中的沙门氏菌过程中特异性和敏感性是最好。在实际的检测过程中,应灵活运用选择合适的培养基,减少漏检。     

The CRM process in retail and service sector firms in Japan: Loyalty development and financial return

Research on customer relationship management (CRM) in general has focused on the effects of customer satisfaction with CRM, customer retention and profit management, and the effects of CRM technique on performance. Conceptually, however, a sequence of effects of CRM is expected, from CRM implementation to financial performance, but this sequence has not been explored. Whilst several definitions of CRM have been proposed, this article defines CRM as relationship-development programmes based on IT. CRM is regarded as the integration of relationship technology (i.e. data consolidating and data mining) with loyalty schemes. Survey research was conducted in Japan in the retail and service industries to test three hypotheses: (1) a firm's relationship orientation has a positive effect on CRM implementation (data warehousing, data mining, using customer data for decision making); (2) CRM implementation has a positive effect on return on equity; and (3) CRM implementation has an indirect effect on return on equity, mediated by customisation. Using a structural equation model the first hypothesis was supported, but the third hypothesis was only partially supported. In these analyses a direct effect of CRM implementation on return on equity (ROE) was supported; however, a negative impact of customisation on ROE was found.     

婴幼儿食品微生物及微生物毒素调查分析

对婴幼儿食品（配方乳粉、补充谷物、饼干和罐头）分别进行微生物污染以及微生物毒素调查。调查结果表明：357份婴幼儿食品均未检出沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;11份婴幼儿配方乳粉、1份补充谷物和1份饼干食品中检出坂崎肠杆菌,检出率分别为4.2%,2.4%和2.5%;检出1份补充谷物菌落总数超过国家标准最高安全限量值。13份婴幼儿配方乳粉和3份补充谷物检出肠杆菌科细菌,检出率分别为32.5%和7.1%;14份（婴幼儿）配方乳粉、2份婴幼儿罐头检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率分别为35%和20%;1份婴幼儿配方乳粉检出黄曲霉毒素M1超标。婴幼儿食品存在微生物及其微生物毒素污染的风险,应加强对婴幼儿食品的致病微生物及其毒素的监测和监管。     

A Study on the Effect of Cause-Related Marketing on the Attitude Towards the Brand: The Case of Pepsi in Spain

SUMMARY

CRM is an effective tool for differentiating brands and for obtaining emotional positioning among consumers. However, an utilitarian use of this tool might be counteractive. This research aims to better understand the effect of CRM on attitude towards the brand. For this purpose, Pepsi's CRM campaigns in Spain have been analyzed. Results show that, unexpectedly, CRM campaigns might lead to adverse effects as a result of the mercantilist abuse of the concept of solidarity.     

Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Perspective

Over the last decade and a half Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has developed into an area of major significance. However, there is considerable confusion in the academic and managerial literature about what is meant by CRM and how if differs from relationship marketing. Further, despite heavy investment by organizations in CRM, there is extensive reporting of CRM’s failure to achieve anticipated results in the literature. This article reviews the conceptual differences between CRM and relationship marketing and defines these terms. It argues that, in many organizations, CRM failures have occurred through a lack of strategic focus. Key strategic issues are identified. A CRM Strategy Matrix is presented which considers the strategic context of companies and the implications for the development of their CRM strategies. Four alternative approaches towards building customer relationships are identified and migration paths between them are reviewed. Implications for implementing CRM strategy and future research are discussed.

What's Behind CRM Research? A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in the CRM Research Field

The diversity of approaches to customer relationship management (CRM) brings about the need for systematic reviews. The objective of this article is to identify and categorize the most used publications in the CRM field. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science database. To identify and categorize the subfields, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis. The most used publications were categorized into: (1) methodology in the CRM research field; (2) relationship marketing; (3) service quality and customer loyalty; (4) implications of market-oriented strategy; (5) CRM theory and its practical implications; (6) strategic management; and (7) customer value.     

Strategic,Operational, and Analytical Customer Relationship Management

Abstract

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) means different things to different people. For some, CRM is the term used to describe a set of IT applications that automate customer-facing processes in marketing, selling and service. For others, it is about an organizational desire to be more customer focused. Others associate CRM with the capture, analysis and exploitation of customer-related data. One distinction that has been made is between strategic, operational and analytical CRM. This paper sets out to understand, conceptualize and operationalize these terms. Our research generally supports the idea of a multi-dimensional conceptualization of CRM. We develop and present an instrument, consisting of a thirteen-item scale, which can be used to assess an organization's orientation towards one or more of these three forms of CRM.     

An Evolutionary Process Model of Cause‐Related Marketing and Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature

Cause‐related marketing (CRM) is almost ubiquitous as brands of all price points participate in this marketing strategy in the United States and internationally, as well. The value that CRM brings to the firm, the consumer, and the nonprofit organization has made it a popular and valuable tool for marketers. Academic research on CRM has gained momentum in recent years as the strategy has matured. However, insights have occurred without a framework to provide structure and direction for this body of research. Given CRM's continued popularity, the purpose of this article is to (1) propose an evolutionary process model (EPM) of CRM to explain the iterative process (2) utilize this model as a framework for (a) organizing the systematic review of the empirical literature on CRM and (b) for identifying some gaps in the literature. Propositions based on these gaps are provided for future research.     

一元固体二氧化氯泡腾片的工艺研究

本文对几种一元固体二氧化氯的片剂配方进行了研究,通过稳定性实验优选出较稳定的五种配方,对这五种配方压片后形成泡腾片.通过对泡腾片的质量检测得出配方五和六是较理想的一元固体二氧化氯泡腾片配方.     

客户关系管理的SCOPE模型

大力发展客户关系管理,增强竞争力,提高企业利润,是企业的一个必然选择。根据客户、供应商、企业主或投资商、员工、第三方合作伙伴这五个客户关系管理的主要方面,提出了客户关系管理的S.C.O.P.E模型。企业应以客户为核心,关注战略性重要客户,提高客户满意度,进行客户组合分析并采取相应的策略,同时只有与供应商、企业主/投资商、员工、伙伴这四个方面相互协作、相互发展,才能为客户创造、提供价值,实现客户关系管理的成功。