Australian Tourism Education

SUMMARY

An appraisal of Australian tourism education is undertaken by pursuing its historical development and the key issues of teaching locations, generic skills and graduate attributes, educator competence, human resource planning and how to assess performance. It is argued that Australia, when considered as a case study in the global context of higher tourism education, occupies a distinctive and relatively successful niche. The distinctiveness derives from both its late entry into the field and the status-oriented context in which it has grown. The success is characterised by a strong research-education nexus and the consolidation rather than loss of the degree offerings over time.     

Relevance and Quality in Australian Tourism Higher Education

Abstract

Partnerships between educators and industry professionals can facilitate students' tourism career opportunities. Considering this, a mail-out questionnaire was undertaken to assess the attitudes and perceptions of tourism educators (n = 56) and tourism professionals (n = 100) on tourism education issues. Results indicated that one-quarter of professionals believe university tourism majors provide graduates with a competitive advantage and both groups consider tourism/hospitality, marketing and management as important business majors. Competencies in logical thinking, social interaction, tourism knowledge and concepts, and generic skills are also considered important by both groups with specific workplace competencies and professional experience considered relatively less important by educators (p < .05). In conclusion, communication networks jointly facilitatedby academicsand industry are recommended.     

Tourism Higher Education in China

SUMMARY

This paper first reviews the origins and development of tourism higher education in China, then elaborates on its present hierarchy of programs, regional distribution and mechanisms for operating schools. Based on an investigation, the paper also discusses the educational objectives, program setup, curriculum design, textbooks and reference materials. It summarizes the problems and challenges China's higher education studies in tourism are facing, and in conclusion, it explores development trends and offers suggestions for its future.     

旅游规划需要新理念--旅游规划三议

为了适应我国旅游业的发展，为了我国旅游规划工作能够沿着科学化、法制化、规范化的轨道前进，旅游规划的编制迫切需要理念的创新。本文从“新理念是发展的需要”、“进步带来的挑战”、“旅游概念是旅游规划的核心”三个层面，以层层推进的方式，着重阐述了应对挑战寻求突破的学术基础，并进而阐释了作者本人有关“概念性旅游规划”的创新性理论。     

An Educational Game for Tourism and Hospitality Education

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an educational game where players act as travel agents to learn how a travel agency functions. They are provided with an uncertain environment in which they make strategic decisions aimed at maximizing their agency's wealth. Players are expected to make managerial decisions while experiencing how market structures and strategic decision-making can affect commerce within a simulated tourism and hospitality industry. The auction game offers students hands-on experience that assists them in understanding the functioning of markets in all aspects of business. Students are also given an opportunity to interact with team-players, to compete against other students, and to develop an appreciation of the pressures facing travel agencies.     

Practicing What We Preach in Tourism Education and Research

Abstract

As teachers of both strategic and operational management in tourism/hospitality programs, we constantly stress the importance of research as a means of providing critical information for destination planning and development. At the same time, in our capacity as managers of academic programs, it is not uncommon for many of us to overlook the use of research in the management of these programs. While we normally undertake market assessments before establishing new programs, and regularly gather operational data on teaching performance, this paper argues that based on the existing literature, tourism education program managers generally fail to take sufficient advantage of several strategic research approaches that are heavily used in other management contexts.

Having recognized their own shortcoming in this regard, the present authors have attempted to rectify it by formally integrating a selected number of widely used research approaches into the overall management of their programs. The results, we believe, demonstrate just how valuable the use of formal program research can be in setting innovative directions for program design and development, for enhancing student satisfaction with specific courses, and for evaluating the overall efficiency and effectiveness of well established programs.

Part I of the present discussion examines the use and usefulness of one major research technique for tourism education program design and management. The technique in question is Strategic Visioning.     

A Highlight of Tourism and Hospitality Education Issues in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

This paper was written to explore the opinions of the hospitality human resource managers in Taiwan about current tourism and hospitality education provisions. Major issues regarding tourism and hospitality education in Taiwan were identified. Based on the research findings, a number of conclusions were drawn and specific suggestions for the future of the tourism and hospitality education in Taiwan were proposed.     

The Development and Positioning of Business Related University Tourism Education

Abstract

The teaching of tourism at a higher education level has become well established in British universities, but in the UK, as elsewhere in the world, the place of tourism studies within the academic curricula remains uncertain. The paper considers the diversity and complexities of tourism studies through a categorisation of journal articles, and through an investigation of the underlying debates that have influenced the design of academic curricula in the UK. The paper concludes that tourism, at least at present, should not be regarded as discipline but as a field and that the most common approach in the UK has been to emphasise the business studies subjects. The University of Northumbria's established undergraduate travel and tourism management course is presented as a case study of this approach to the subject field.     

Technology and Tertiary Tourism Students

Abstract

This paper presents a students' perspective about the use of technology in tourism education. Expectations and the reality of university study in our technological age are discussed, and recommendations made.     

旅游时间规划概念框架研究

在梳理旅游规划发展历史阶段的基础上,对传统旅游空间规划缺乏对旅游者个体的关注和忽视"时间性"等问题提出了批判,进而在明确旅游时间规划价值导向和逻辑起点的基础上,提出了旅游时间规划的概念模型;详细分析了时间地理学、认知供给理论和旅游者行为学作为基础理论的支撑作用,系统地提出旅游时间规划的时空统一观、时空资源观和时空产品观,并通过理论推导旅游时间规划的概念模型,构建了旅游时间规划的内容体系。最后,研究强调了"旅游时间规划"在旅游产业发展阶段和提升阶段的实践意义,明确旅游时间规划是传统旅游空间规划的补充和修正,而不是与传统规划割裂开来的另外一种规划系统。     

Travel and Tourism Education in Thailand

SUMMARY

The main principles of the tourism policy as established by the Ministry of Tourism and Sports during 2003–2006 is to develop Thailand to be Tourism Capital of Asia within 3 years starting from 2004 to 2006. To achieve the ambitious government target, the success of any tourism development strategy will be determined to a large extent by human resources, which can deliver efficient, high quality services. The travel and tourism education in Thailand at an undergraduate level was offered in the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn University in 1955 under the Bachelor of Commerce Degree with a major field of study in “Travel Management.” Prince of Songkla University (PSU) brought the concept of community college from the U.S.A. to put into action by setting up Phuket Community College by offering 2-year diploma program in Hotel and Tourism Management to meet the staff requirement of tourism industry in Phuket in 1977. The findings of 'Baccalaureate and Graduate Degrees in Tourism and Hospitality Studies in Thailand: The Current Situations, Problems and Future Development' studied by Chaisawat (1997) and Chaisawat (2000) found that the situation of the universities/institutes that offered programs in hospitality and tourism had changed with a lot of quantity improvement in terms of institutions, number of staff, and number of input/output students as well as research projects. But the very important issues that relate directly to the quality of graduates, problems and constraints running in the hospitality/tourism programs still existed. The National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) (2004) did an in-depth study of the labour force situation among middle- and high-level personnel within the tourism industry in order to increase productivity and capability of the national competitiveness. Chaisawat and Boonchu (2005) did another study on Baccalaureate and Graduate Degrees in tourism and hospitality studies in Thailand in 2003. Both studies also found that the quantity of graduates from the educational institutions was sufficiently to serve the demand of the industry. However, there were problems in terms of quality since graduates' qualifications were not up to the standards required by the employers. Finally the paper recommended that Thailand should be positioned as a centre for hospitality and tourism studies and training, locating at major tourism destinations. In terms of strategic implementation of tourism development, tourism educations and training institutions should play the catalyst and coordinating roles with the stakeholders in each region or destination.     

Political Instability and Tourism

Abstract

Political instability is characterised by a multifaceted and complex character and its existence and impact in various countries is multilevel and multidimensional. The need for assessment, evaluation and analysis of the various interrelationships between political instability and the tourism industry is essential considering the sensitive nature of the tourism industry, the ever-increasing competition, and the very narrow profit margins.

This study provides an exploratory model for the identification and analysis of the theoretical and empirical dimensions of political instability that are related to the tourism industry of Cyprus. Twenty-eight variables were selected as ‘candidate indicators’ of political instability. The selected variables were included in a questionnaire that was distributed to travel agents in Cyprus. Factor analysis was employed and four dimensions of political instability emerged which were interpreted according to the particularities and individual characteristics of the tourism industry of Cyprus.     

对旅游管理专业(本科段)课程体系改革的几点思考

本文在描述我国旅游管理专业 (本科段 )课程设计现状的基础上 ,分析了其运行中存在的主要问题 ,并参照旅游学的学科性质和课程发展现状 ,提出了若干建议。     

竞争与整合:中国旅游教育发展与广西的对策

在中国迈向世界旅游强国的进程中 ,旅游教育发展跨入了竞争与整合发展的新阶段。但目前中国旅游教育能力仍然滞后于旅游人才需求的增长 ,旅游教育必须走出被动适应市场需求的窘境。为此 ,要编制全国性的旅游教育发展规划 ,培育一批具有世界影响的旅游教育的品牌学校 ,规范旅游学科建设 ,加快旅游教育师资队伍建设 ,建构具有特色的“旅游人才教育高地” ,以形成与旅游强国地位相适应的旅游教育体系。广西要抓住全国旅游教育竞争和整合的机遇 ,继续保持规模增长的良好势头 ,努力规避旅游高等教育发展的分散化趋势 ,集中建设好桂林旅游学院 ,为建构适应旅游强国地位的旅游教育体系做出贡献     

中国旅游规划发展历程与研究进展

本文回顾了二十余年来我国旅游规划的发展历程,将中国旅游发展规划分成事业型、事业向产业过渡型、产业型三个阶段,以及创汇导向型、资源导向型、市场导向型和产品导向型规划四个类型,分析了影响区域与景区旅游规划发展的几个方面,文中阐述了中国旅游规划研究的三个阶段和主要成果;总结了中国旅游规划存在的问题和阶段特征,归纳了中国旅游规划发展过程中主要的思想方法,并指出中国未来旅游规划将朝着市场化、小区化、专题化、精致化方向发展。     

试论旅游规划运行机制的优化

本文认为当前旅游规划尚未充分发挥效能根源在于规划的运行机制紊乱,并在6个层面上予以具体体现,进而以社会大系统为宏观背景提出相应的优化旅游规划运行机制的系列对策。     

Planning,Changing Landscapes and Tourism in Singapore

The paper discusses approaches to certain forms of official planning, the values which underpin them and implications for tourism, with particular reference to Singapore and its natural and cultural resources. Government efforts to mould nature and culture through planning, in accordance with visions of its preferred states, are reviewed and some concerns about the extent of interference and the results are revealed. The landscapes created may be excessively ordered and lacking in spontaneity, with doubts about authenticity, features that adversely affect their sustainability as visitor attractions. Insights are thus afforded into underlying imperatives and the linkages which connect planning, environmental and social policies, political ideologies, and tourism in relatively newly independent states and more widely.     

中国旅游规划的制度环境及其创新探讨

本文从外部环境与内部环境两个方面认真分析了中国旅游规划发展中的各种制度性矛盾，预测了中国旅游制度环境的发展趋势。在以上分析和预测的基础上，从4个方面提出了中国旅游规划制度环境创新的建议。