互联网征信业存在的问题与对策

阐述新兴互联网征信机构发展现状,分析征信信息主体权益保护方面存在的问题,探讨征信信息主体权益保护的有效途径.建议加快完善法律法规体系建设,探索建立信息标准和共享机制,加大征信信息主体权益保护力度,强化互联网征信行为监管,加强失信惩戒力度建设.     

基于区块链的互联网金融征信体系建设研究

我国征信体系还处于初级阶段,现行征信体系存在征信数据来源狭窄、数据分析能力不足、信用主体隐私易被侵犯、信用信息权威性不足、缺乏信息共享机制等问题.区块链技术有助于完善互联网征信体系建设,去中心化机制能增强数据采集能力,分布式存储处理有利于提升数据存储能力,加密算法能保护信用主体隐私,溯源技术能提升征信信息权威性,定价机制能促进信息共享.     

我国征信体系的建设与发展研究

改革开放以来,我国征信体系建设取得了重大的进展,已经形成政府部门推动建设的行业征信体系、地方联合征信体系和社会征信机构共同发展的多层次征信体系格局。但征信法律体系不建全、监管主体不明确、信用信息共享难度大等问题严重影响了征信业的健康发展。当前,必须建立健全征信业监管体系;依托企业和个人征信系统,推动公共联合征信体系建设;形成公共征信为主、私营征信为辅的征信体系模式;通过建立和完善各行业信用信息管理系统,推进社会信用体系建设。     

建设发达的中国征信业市场

社会信用体系建设是国家治理体系和治理能力建设的重要基础之一,中国社会信用体系建设十分重要的一个方面涉及政府与市场的关系.中国征信体系的建设从长远和可持续发展的角度,需要建立一个发达的征信市场,让市场化的征信机构起主导作用.政府在推进社会信用体系建设中的作用应体现在加强政务诚信建设,推动政务信用信息的公开尤其是负面信息的公开,推动信息系统互联互通与信用信息共享,推动信息的应用,实现联合惩戒和推动完善信用法制体系等方面.市场在推进社会信用体系建设中的作用应体现在发展中国征信业市场、积极利用新技术条件发展新业态征信、推动征信机构加强自身信用建设、依法推进征信市场对外开放和加强征信业监管等方面.在征信业发展和社会信用体系建设中,要高度重视信息主体权益的保护.     

征信体系建设下个人信息保护的进路研究

目前,我国征信体系在社会多个领域实现了覆盖且仍在深入。为弥补“结果保护”理念引发的个人信息收集与共享泛化、个人信息处理规则透明度较低等缺陷,应引入“过程保护”理念,明晰个人征信信息收集、共享的范围,加强有关征信规则的有效应用。同时,要统筹个人征信与失信惩戒的体系建设,明晰个人征信信息侵权赔偿的认定标准,进而实现对个人信息的有效保护。     

征信市场发展中存在的问题及其应对措施

征信市场发展对促进社会信用体系建设、经济金融和谐稳定发展具有极其重要的作用。中国征信市场从信贷征信开始发展,初步形成以金融信用信息基础数据库为主导、社会征信机构为辅的多元化市场格局。由于法律制度、行业标准、监管体系等各方面因素制约造成征信市场发展中仍然存在不少问题,如征信标准化建设相对滞后、互联网金融背景下的资源整合与共享机制不完善、信息安全和信息主体权益保护面临挑战等。本文从征信市场发展现状出发,分析征信市场发展中存在的问题及应对措施,以促进征信市场健康有效发展。     

关于推动互联网征信规范发展的思考

互联网金融的快速发展和大数据、云计算等新技术的广泛应用,催生了互联网征信的蓬勃兴起。本文在梳理我国互联网征信发展的基础上,分析了存在的问题,提出了完善征信法规制度体系,严格市场准入门槛,完善信息征集共享和使用标准,健全信息公开共享机制,保护信息安全和信息主体合法权益等措施,以推动互联网征信规范健康发展。     

对非银行信息采集工作的建议

加快征信立法,为信息采集提供法律保障.尽快出台<征信管理条例>,为征信体系建设和非银行信息采集工作提供法律保障.同时,在法律上界定政府、企业和个人信用信息数据的开放与保护国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私的关系,出台有关信息披露的立法,以法律形式确立以人民银行牵头负责、各有关部委和地方政府配合、行业协会自律的征信管理体系,促进部门间、地区间的信息开放和共享,为有效促进非银行信息采集工作提供法律支撑.     

互联网金融背景下征信机构发展分析及对策建议

伴随着互联网金融的发展,对互联网征信的需求也日益凸显.结合互联网金融背景下征信机构的发展现状,对目前互联网征信机构发展面临的法律法规不健全、信用信息共享难度较大,以及个人隐私难以保护等制约因素进行了深入分析,提出了通过完善征信法律法规体系、加强对信息主体的维权保障,以及进一步探索互联网征信信息共享机制等途径,推动互联网征信机构健康有序发展的对策建议.     

中国特色征信体系模式研究

本文介绍了欧洲、美国及我国征信体系的在征信立法、市场监管、系统建设、市场服务等方面的基本情况和主要特点;分析了我国征信体系建设中存在的法律依据、市场监管、系统建设、信息共享、信息安全等方面的问题;提出了建立健全征信法律法规,发挥企业和个人征信系统主干作用,加大行业部门信息系统建设力度,建立行业、地方信用信息共享机制等方面的建议;最后,总结了坚持走吸收外国征信体系建设经验与中国国情相结合的道路,坚持政府推动与市场化相结合的征信体系建设及发展模式,坚持公共征信机构与私营征信机构并存互补的征信体系格局,坚持维护国家信息安全与对外开放相结合的征信业发展道路等建设中国特色征信体系的发展思路。     

Earnings Announcements, Asymmetric Information, Trades and Quotes

This paper empirically analyses trades and quotes around the times of 37 earnings announcements in the Paris Bourse. We find that trading volume is larger on announcement days, spreads are wider after announcements, and the permanent positive (resp. negative) price impact of purchases (sales) is greater around announcements. While the findings pertaining to the spread and the permanent impact of trades are consistent with the view that earnings announcements correspond to an increase in information asymmetries, the result that trading volume is larger suggests that other effects are at work.     

Reporting Frequency, Information Precision and Private Information Acquisition

Abstract:  This study examines whether the choice between quarterly and semiannual reporting affects the precision of investors' information and their private information acquisition activities. In the first part of this study, we show that a firm's reporting frequency has no effect on the average precision of investors' information. However, our analysis of announcement-period price variance and share turnover shows that an increase in reporting frequency does make interim and annual financial reports a more important component of investors' information set, relative to other sources of information. In particular, the results of this analysis suggest that investors of semiannual reporters hold more precise pre-announcement information than investors of quarterly reporters. In the second part of our study, we test one explanation for this finding. We argue that an increase in a firm's reporting frequency reduces investors' incentives to acquire private information between consecutive announcement dates and, consequently, should reduce information asymmetry among investors, increase share liquidity, and stimulate trading. Consistent with this reasoning, we find that quarterly reporters have lower average bid-ask spreads and higher abnormal share turnover than semiannual reporters.     

水信息披露、机构投资者与股价同步性

基于2010-2016年中国A股高水敏感行业的322家上市公司数据,实证检验水信息披露对股价同步性的影响,以及机构投资者的调节效应。研究表明：水信息披露对股价同步性的影响呈倒U型,且在民营企业样本中尤其显著。在国有企业样本中,机构投资者的加入能促使水信息披露更好地融入股价;在民营企业样本中,只有在高水信息披露水平下,机构投资者才能更好地发挥调节作用。     

Geographic segment disclosures: Theories, findings, and implications

This article discusses both the relevant theories and the research findings on geographic segment disclosures under SFAS 14 and relates implications of these findings to the FASB/AcSB's exposure draft. Research studies on geographic segment disclosures are divided into three broad categories: predictive ability, security pricing, and risk assessment. For each category, we provide a theoretical analysis of the importance of geographic segment information and the related empirical findings. Finally, we relate potential implications for the usefulness of geographic segment disclosures to the FASB/AcSB's exposure draft, discussing both weaknesses and improvements.     

Accruals Quality, Information Risk and Cost of Capital: Evidence from Australia

Abstract:  Recent theoretical work argues that information risk is a non-diversifiable risk factor that is priced in the capital market. Using accruals quality to proxy for information risk, Francis et al. (2005) provide empirical support for this argument using a sample of US firms. This paper re-examines the interplay of accruals quality, information risk and cost of capital in Australia, where a number of important institutional and regulatory differences are hypothesized to affect the relation between accruals quality and cost of capital. The results suggest that, while accruals quality impacts on the cost of capital for Australian firms, some salient differences exist. In contrast to findings for US firms, the costs of debt and equity for Australian firms are largely influenced by accruals quality arising from economic fundamentals (i.e., innate accrual quality) but not discretionary reporting choices (i.e., discretionary accrual quality). This finding is consistent with our predictions based on the Australian institutional and regulatory environment. In addition, using both the asset pricing tests in Francis et al. (2005) and Core et al. (2008) , we provide evidence consistent with accruals quality being a priced risk factor.     

Information, Trading Demand, and Futures Price Volatility

We examine the relation between futures price volatility and trading demand by type of trader in the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500-stock index futures market. We find that volatility covaries negatively with signed speculative demand shocks but is positively related to signed hedging demand shocks. No significant relation between volatility and demand shocks for small traders is found. Our results suggest that changes in positions of large hedgers destabilize the market, whereas changes in positions of large speculators stabilize volatility. Consistent with models with asymmetrically informed traders, we find that large speculators are likely to possess superior forecasting ability, large hedgers behave like positive feedback traders, and small traders are liquidity traders.     

Perceptions of electricity-use communications: effects of information,format, and individual differences

Electricity bills could be an effective strategy for improving communications about consumers’ electricity use and promoting electricity savings. However, quantitative communications about electricity use may be difficult to understand, especially for consumers with low energy literacy. Here, we build on the health communication and graph comprehension literature to inform electricity bill design, with the goal of improving understanding, preferences for the presented communication, and intentions to save electricity. In a survey-based experiment, each participant saw a hypothetical electricity bill for a family with relatively high electricity use, covering information about (a) historical use, (b) comparisons to neighbors, and (c) historical use with appliance breakdown. Participants saw all information types in one of three formats including (a) tables, (b) bar graphs, and (c) icon graphs. We report on three main findings. First, consumers understood each type of electricity-use information the most when it was presented in a table, perhaps because tables facilitate simple point reading. Second, preferences and intentions to save electricity were the strongest for the historical use information, independent of format. Third, individuals with lower energy literacy understood all information less. We discuss implications for designing utility bills that are understandable, perceived as useful, and motivate consumers to save energy.     

Costly Information,Planning Complementarities,and the Phillips Curve

Sticky information models capture the sluggish response of aggregate prices to monetary shocks but fail to match the magnitude and frequency of price changes at the microlevel. This paper shows that accounting for the endogenous decision of when to acquire new information about different shocks can help overcome this shortcoming. In the calibrated model, prices change frequently and by large amounts in response to idiosyncratic shocks but sluggishly to monetary shocks. The paper also highlights that many predictions of the sticky information and rational inattention models are the same and thus robust to different specifications of information processing costs.     

Intangible Assets, Information Complexity, and Analysts' Earnings Forecasts

Abstract:   We examine the relation between analysts' earnings forecasts and firms' intangible assets, including technology‐based intangibles, brand names, and recognized intangibles. We predict that high information complexity of intangible assets increases the difficulty for analysts to assimilate information and increases analysts' forecast error of intangibles‐intensive firms. We find a positive association between analysts' forecast error and the firm's intangible intensity that deviates from the industry norm. We also find that analysts' forecast errors are greater for firms with diverse and innovative technologies. In contrast, analysts' forecast errors are smaller for biotech/pharmaceutical and medical equipment firms that are subject to intangibles‐related regulation.     

财务重述、管理层权力与股价崩盘风险：来自中国证券市场的经验证据

股市震荡引发投资者和监管层对股价崩盘风险的关注。从财务重述背后所反映的财务信息质量低下和公司治理失效出发,探讨其对股价崩盘风险的影响,结合管理层权力这一影响组织行为和产出能力的代理人特征,探讨其对财务重述与股价崩盘风险之间关系的影响。研究结果表明：相比未发生财务重述的公司,发生了财务重述的公司的股价崩盘风险明显更高;进一步纳入代理人特征———管理层权力后,发现代理人的这一特征对上述关系有明显的促进作用。