论关联理论的语境观对话语理解的作用

通过分析D．Sperber和D．Wilson提出的关联理论的语境观,讨论了话语与语境理解之间的关系,认为以关联理论为基础的认知语境观对话语理解有重要的作用。     

关联理论话语理解等级与外语语用能力培养

Sperber和Wilson的关联理论的核心是交际与认知。在以示意一推理为核心的言语交际中,说话人的主体认知能动性都得以发挥和运用。交际就是示意过程与推理过程不断交替进行并以获得最大关联为目的言语交流行为,本文拟以关联理论为出发点,通过对具体例子的分析,将话语理解中的各个层次细化,以提高话语理解的效率,一方面有助于英语学习者的语言实践交际,对于培养其语用能力、避免交际过程中的语用误解具有很好的教学指导意义。     

听力理解与阅读理解的相关性

语用学的核心部分是对话语含义理解过程的研究，听力教学大有借鉴之处。本文以语用学为基础，结合关联理论从认知角度探讨听力理解中语用推理的过程和重要性，并试图寻求听力理解与阅读理解的相关性以及在听力教学中的应用。     

新闻报刊中疾病隐喻表达的ICM分析

疾病隐喻中的许多表达方式都是由其他概念域的语言映射而来,是人类隐喻认知的结果。新闻报刊中与疾病相关的隐喻表达方式主要可归纳为战争隐喻、恶魔隐喻和自然灾害隐喻几种。对疾病隐喻表达做理想化认知模型(ICM)分析,探讨疾病隐喻的认知理据和分布特征,能够为人们认知疾病隐喻现象提供新的视角。     

英语概念隐喻中时间隐喻的语义分析

概念隐喻是人类认知世界的主要方式。本文以时间隐喻为素材,通过对其分析,探讨三种主要隐喻类别:本体隐喻、结构性隐喻和方位隐喻的认知机制,并研究了其概念隐喻的连贯性,发现尽管时间隐喻的源域看似毫无关联,但它们都可以由"时间是一个运动物体"这一总隐喻的蕴含所解释。     

浅谈话语标记语及其语用功能

话语标记语在日常会话中是一种十分常见的话语现象,其作用也是十分多彩的,在话语中它们的功能主要是在语用方面。有必要从关联理论和顺应论的角度探讨话语标记语的主要功能,尤其是其元语用功能。其在话语生成和理解中的地位不可或缺的。     

试论英语隐喻的翻译原则和基本方法

隐喻是一种常见的语言现象。它既是一种修辞手段,也是一种认知模式。由于文化底蕴不同,在语言跨文化交际中,人们就容易对英语隐喻喻义的认知和理解产生歧义。因此有必要依据隐喻理论,探讨在汉译过程中,采用适当的翻译方法,正确传达英语隐喻的喻义,以免造成误译。     

浅议话语关联中不对称性对于交际合作的影响

不同的学者从不同的角度对关联理论进行了探讨剖析,就关联理论提出话语分析中关联的不对称性(asymmetry),通过分析指出不对称性产生的原因,包括社会原因和个人原因,针对话语关联中存在的不对称问题,受话人会相应地采取一些对策,以保护自己的面子,而此关联理论的不对称问题也对我们进一步研究话语分析提供了新的视角。     

文化对隐喻的理解的影响

隐喻是一种认知现象,是人们思维和认识事物的工具。所以对于隐喻的理解一直是心理语言学和相关学科的研究重点。本文在介绍隐喻的基本概念和不同分类的基础上,探讨了目前关于隐喻理解过程的两种解释,并在此基础上提出文化是影响隐喻理解的重要因素。最后从文化重叠,文化差异,文化空缺等方面进一步深入探讨了文化对理解隐喻的影响,并指出在日常的教学中应有意识地培养学生从跨文化的角度理解隐喻,从而提高学生的跨文化交际能力。     

基于隐喻认知理论的汽车工程专业英语词汇教学

隐喻不仅是一种认知方式,也可以作为一种方法运用到相关语言教学,特别是词汇教学。本文着眼于词语的隐喻性质论证了隐喻认知理论在汽车工程专业英语词汇教学中的可行性,并提出相关的教学技巧以期培养学生的隐喻认知能力,加强对专业英语词汇的理解与记忆,促进教学并提高学生自学能力。     

概念整合理论对诗性隐喻的认知阐释

诗歌是一种独特的语言形式,充满了隐喻,因而它被称为"隐喻性语言"。一个隐喻可以同时在不同的图标层面解释,从最抽象的认知方面到最具体的感官认知,将时空的维度组织成"认知域"。本文从认知的新视点出发,用概念合成理论来解读狄金森和弗罗斯特诗歌的诗性隐喻,以期更好地欣赏其诗歌。     

Too Much or Too Little Ambiguity: The Language of Total Quality Management

The paper documents the working of the language of total quality management (TQM) and some of its effects in four UK service organizations. By making language central to the 'production' and 'consumption' of TQM practices, the paper explores the use of managerial language and its effects upon organizational practices and employees' experiences. The semantic use of language, reflected merely in the use of labels and platitudes, is concerned with clarity and specificity while the poetic use of language, reflected in the use of metaphors, emphasizes ambiguity by inviting multiple interpretations from below. The paper argues that both uses of language are directed towards achieving some sort of meaning and order; however, managers do not have total discretion over the consequences of their language use. While they may seek to enrol employees in the TQM language (via a process of interest translation), the responses of the employees cannot be predicted or controlled from the top. EmployeesÕ discursive responses are themselves riddled with ambiguity and range from open resistance to manipulation to internalization. Indeed, it is impossible to know in advance how TQM language works in practice because such workings are the complex and ambiguous outcome of material and non-material relationships that can never be accurately predicted.     

Metaphors of virtuality: shaping an emergent reality

In this paper, we explore the contemporary discourse associated with the new phenomenon of virtual organizing, and identify a number of metaphors used in this discourse to characterize various aspects of virtuality. We believe paying attention to such metaphors is important because in the absence of experiences (direct or vicarious) to guide practice, the images and ideals promoted in the discourse will shape people's views of and actions towards this new way of organizing. As such, metaphors play a powerful role in structuring the reality of virtuality. To understand the kind of reality being imagined and incited, we examine the various metaphors being proposed in the practitioner-directed literature on virtual organizing. We find that this discourse contains a multiplicity of different metaphors, each highlighting and hiding distinct aspects of virtual organizing. We identify five overarching metaphors in this discourse. These metaphors (re)present virtual organizing as a platform, as existing in space, as composed of bits, as operating as a community, and as engaging in a network of relationships. We analyze these metaphors in terms of their assumptions and presumptions about how to organize work, as well as their affordances and challenges. We conclude by considering what the consequences might be for people acting on the basis of such different, and often contradictory, metaphors in practice.     

The ‘textual attitude’ and new technology

One of the most important tasks information systems executives face is making sense of emerging opportunities for organizational innovation through information technology. However, the parlance of information systems practitioners yields a variety of metaphors suggesting that this crucial task is a perilous one, in which success is far from assured. This paper reports on an interpretive study of these metaphors, using data from field interviews. Five images are identified, which evoke certain hazards and illuminate aspects of a successful executive response. The subsequent analysis of these images reveals how they serve constructively in promoting rationality in sensemaking, against a background that includes an ontologically problematic innovation and belief formation under institutional pressure. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the wider role of discourse in innovation sensemaking.     

比喻在电路定理中的应用

电路定理是电路理论的重要组成部分。采用行之有效的教学方法帮助学生理解定理内容,是我们迫切要解决的问题。比喻教学法就是一种很好的教学方法。本文以电路中比较常用的三个定理为例,说明比喻在电路定理中的应用。     

英汉隐喻中的认知缺失分析与翻译

认知语言学认为,人们对隐喻的理解源于赖以生存的客观世界以及自身对客观世界的体验和感知,即使不同的文化也存在相同或相似的隐喻认知。然而,不同民族的自然环境和文化传统使隐喻的生成和理解存在差异,甚至出现认知缺失。文章分析了英汉隐喻存在认知缺失的原因,并提出可以采用直白喻底并保留隐喻意象或补充映射条件,为英汉隐喻的认知缺失搭桥,使其翻译成为可能。认知缺失之间的搭桥应以译语和原语认知概念映射一致或趋同为依据。     

The living product – using the creative nature of metaphors in the search for sustainable marketing

The challenge facing marketing (and business) is letting go of old assumptions and embarking on a journey of unprecedented uncertainty towards a more sustainable marketplace. Current marketing approaches are called into question in this paper and it is argued that they fail to represent adequately – and far less to confront – our relationships with products and the natural environment. This paper challenges marketing in this respect, investigating the consequences of putting marketing into an ecological context. By using the generative and creative power of metaphors we attempt to draw the sustainability debate away from the language of the mechanistic world; where matter is regarded as inert, mute, passive and exploitable. By using the ‘living product’ metaphor as a tool for change we explore the potential for a reorientation towards organizational–environmental configurations that are dynamic and flexible and provide space for dealing with uncertainty. These concepts are then illustrated in a number of practical examples, providing an insight into the potential of marketing in our search towards a more sustainable marketplace. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

C语言和汇编语言混合编程方法

C语言是一种高级的面向过程的开发语言,汇编语言是一种低级的面向机器的编程语言。两者在程序设计开发方面各有优劣,目前两者的混合编程得到了广泛的应用。本文通过具体的实例,说明了混合编程的基本方法,为C语言应用开发人员提供方便。