潜油电泵机组质量可靠性评定

通过对潜油电泵机组现场故障数据的统计处理，得到系统寿命统计模型，实现对各型在役潜油电泵机组使用可靠性定量评定。通过对不同类型潜油电泵机组故障数据子样的总体方差显著性检验，推断其总体寿命的稳定程度，并通过其子样总体均值的差异性检验，判断相互间寿命差异，为生产厂家改进设计、用户科学管理提供决策依据。     

潜油电机的故障分析

通常所说的潜油电泵机组主要包括潜油电机、潜油保护器、潜油分离器和潜油离心泵.在这四大部件中,潜油电机的制造工艺最复杂、生产周期最长、生产成本最高、故障率也最高.笔者曾以胜利油田为基础,对1995年1月～1997年9月间所有运转的潜油电泵进行了资料收集和数据统计,结果发现电机故障占总故障数4O%以上(见表1),这是个不容忽视的数字,它说明电机已是影响整套电泵机组寿命的最主要因素.但电机是个综合技术产品,其故障原因比较复杂,本文拟用可靠性理论中的故障树分析技术对电机的故障原因进行分析,希望在明了电机故障原因的情况下,可以对其进行研究和改造,进而减少或避免故障的发生,延长电机亦即潜油电泵机组的运转寿命.     

潜油电泵机组振动检测与故障诊断

潜油电泵是油田生产中重要的注采设备,受电泵机组结构以及施工环境决定,潜油电泵属于高发故障类机械设备,振动过大是导致电泵机组故障的主要原因。分析潜油电泵常见故障原因,研究其振动检测方法以及振动故障规避方法。     

对GB/T16750.2中潜油电机周围井液流速规定指标的认识

介绍了潜油电泵机组在胜利油田浅海低产，斜井中的应用情况，统计了应用小排量潜油电泵的大量数据。这些数据说明潜油电机外壳表面井液流速小于0．3m/s，甚至最低达到0．02m/s时，机组仍然正常工作可以达到期的使用效果。     

潜油电泵单机产液能力可靠性预测

潜油电泵机组的生产能力不仅与机组本身运行可靠性有关,而且还与油井内的工作条件、所抽吸液体的物理特性、油层地质条件以及管理水平等诸多因素的综合影响有关.通过对潜油电泵机组的产液能力的变化情况进行趋势预测,可以及时把握潜油电泵运行的可靠性和最大限度地减少检泵的盲目性,从而减少作业费用与电泵修理费,以及油层工作失调引起的产量损失.因此,预测潜油电泵机组产液量,对揭示其故障分布规律并找出机组运行薄弱环节或发现其它影响因素对提高机组运行可靠性的影响、最大限度地发挥机组的功能潜力有着十分重要的意义.     

潜油电泵泵轴寿命可靠性分析

统计了大庆油田近五年应用的4123套潜油电泵机组，针对248件失效泵轴的寿命进行分布检验分析，验证了其符合威布尔分布规律,并进行了可靠性评定。应用编制的工程软件可计算不同样本下泵轴寿命的概率分布规律，确定其可靠性指标，实现对泵轴使用可靠性的定性分析和定量评定，为进一步开展潜油电泵机组可靠性研究提供必要的基础数据和数据处理手段。     

潜油电泵稠油作业工况分析及调产方法

介绍潜油电泵在稠油作业区的工况分析及数据定量建模方法。对采油区电泵井机组的工况及原始数据进行计算机建模,可以判定潜油电泵是否工作在高效区（合理区）。通过井口喷嘴调产、电机变频调产、回流调产、更换机组的方法改善电泵工作特性,延长电泵机组有效工作寿命,降低区域采油能耗。     

潜油电泵机组失效分析方法与软件

根据潜油电泵机组结构和工作状态,应用可靠性分析理论和方法,建立了无参数统计处理方法和有参数分布类型统计处理方法,并在PC机上开发了Epsras．exe软件,为潜油电泵机组失效分析提供了理论方法和计算软件。     

基于模糊数学理论的电流卡片识别方法

电流卡片是采油工程师管理潜油电泵井、分析井下潜油电泵机组工作状况的主要依据。本文提出一种基于模糊数学理论的电流卡片的识别方法,给出了电流卡片的特征值及对应每种故障模式下各个特征值的隶属函数,通过计算隶属度矩阵来判断电泵井的故障模式。     

潜油电泵机组修制过程的质量监控

结合工厂实际，介绍了在潜油电泵机组修制过程中进行质量监控的具体做法和所取得的效果。重点通过入厂配件和出厂试验把关、绝缘材料优选、技术改造以及QC活动开展等四个方面的努力，实现潜油电泵机组修制过程的质量监控。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.