金融创新与金融风险的“孪生性”辩证

金融是现代经济的核心。金融创新是金融市场的＂催化剂＂,它＂催生＂了各个子市场的形成和发展,不断推动金融市场的完善与成熟。在当前国际金融危机的大背景下,文章以金融衍生工具为＂链条＂,分析了金融工程学、金融创新和金融风险之间的逻辑关系：金融工程学是＂载体＂,金融创新是表现形式,金融风险是一种另类的潜含结果。同时,详细探讨了金融创新和金融风险之间的辩证关系：三者都是金融市场存在和发展的产物。澄清金融创新与金融风险之间内在的市场联系,对建立与我国经济发展相适应的成熟的金融市场具有重要的指导意义。     

Innovation,growth and financial markets

We review some of the literature at the intersection of innovation, financial markets, and economic growth. We explore two key questions: (i) How financial markets interact with innovation; (ii) what type of quality transformations are brought about by innovation. A special emphasis is given to questions that stem from the 2008 economic and financial crisis, and to subjects further developed in the articles collected in this issue.     

科技创新、金融发展对区域出口贸易技术水平的影响

采用长江经济带11省市2001-2016年数据,应用时空模型分析科技创新、金融发展对出口贸易技术水平的影响。结果表明：金融发展与科技创新结合能有效提升出口贸易技术水平;长江经济带区域内固定资本投入效果减弱,外商投资企业作用增强,金融发展具有调节高科技产品外贸依存度的重要作用。为此,应当强化金融发展与科技创新的融合,加速长江经济带科技市场一体化,引导外商高科技产业投资,根据不同时期产品出口需求调整金融支持方向和力度。     

基于最优金融结构理论的区域创新能力研究

当前我国正不断深化供给侧结构性改革，推动经济发展质量变革，深化金融体制改革，增强实体经济服务能力。基于最优金融结构理论，将金融结构分为融资市场结构和银行结构，研究区域金融结构对创新能力的影响。结果发现，我国区域创新能力存在显著的空间正相关性，区域创新活动在空间上趋于集中，在地理空间上呈现集聚现象；直接融资市场发展显著提升区域创新能力，中小〖JP2〗银行发展显著带动区域创新能力提升，中小银行发展对区域创新能力的提升作用大于直接融资市场，并据此提出相关对策建议。〖JP〗     

大国经济体金融结构变迁的理论思考*

近30年来，无论是从规模指标、行为指标还是效率指标着眼，相对于银行而言，大国经济体的股票市场均变得更大、更活跃并更有效率，进而其金融结构总体上呈现向市场导向演进的态势。金融结构的这一演变态势并不因初始金融模式的差异而不同，存在较为显著的趋同现象。经济增长模式从增长型发展向创新型发展的转型是开放型大国经济体金融结构演变的内在根源，而开放和技术变革则是引发这些国家强化或趋同市场主导型金融模式与增长模式转型的直接动因。随着中国经济环境的变化，其现有银行主导型金融结构面临着巨大挑战，股票市场在金融体系中的地位急需提升。\     

首都经济圈金融发展与产业结构调整——来自1978年至2012年省际数据的实证研究

选取1978-2012年的有关数据,采用ADF平稳性检验和Granger因果检验的计量方法,研究金融发展对首都经济圈产业结构调整的作用效果。结果发现：供给领先型的金融发展模式主导和影响首都经济圈的产业结构调整。但是,金融对首都经济圈产业结构调整的推动效应尚未完全释放,金融领域的体制性、机制性障碍成为影响和制约产业结构进一步优化升级的主要因素。因此,金融支持首都经济圈产业升级的政策着力点是,推动区域金融协调合作、提升金融市场的容量与层次、发展政府主导的产业投资基金、加快区域金融创新步伐、优化区域金融生态环境等。     

关于我国农村金融与农业技术进步的实证分析——基于时间序列数据的研究

金融发展通过＂资本积累＂和＂技术进步＂两条途径来实现对经济增长的影响,技术进步才是决定长期经济增长的关键因素。判断（农村）金融能否可持续发展的标准应该是其能否促进（农业）技术进步。基于1985-2005年的时间序列数据的实证分析,认为我国农村金融发展与农业技术进步之间存在着长期的、均衡的、单向因果关系,即农业技术进步对农村金融发展有着推动作用,而农村金融发展对我国农业技术进步的作用不明显。因此,我国农村金融深化改革应该以促进农业技术进步为导向,以实现农村金融资源的优化配置。     

基于产业技术轨道强度特征的科技金融体系研究

提出了金融支持科技创新的概念性框架,从技术轨道强度及其变化的角度探讨了金融在促进技术与经济发展中的功能和规律。在技术轨道强度较弱阶段,政府主导的机构和资本对技术轨道的形成具有重要作用。随着轨道强度逐渐加强,市场导向的金融资本逐渐成为促进技术轨道成形和加速发展的重要推动力量。在技术轨道强度较高的时期,政府的政策导向和规划作用再次凸显出来。通过对4个创新型国家的经济和主要产业技术轨道发展的历史性分析,对理论框架进行了论证,并探讨了相关政策含义。     

数字普惠金融、知识产权保护与企业创新

加快实施创新驱动发展战略已成为社会各界重点关注的议题。本文将数字普惠金融、知识产权保护与企业创新置于同一框架下进行分析,研究发现：数字普惠金融与知识产权保护均有利于促进企业创新;知识产权保护对数字普惠金融与企业创新的关系具有负向调节作用。进一步分析发现：数字普惠金融主要通过降低信息不对称、融资约束与财务风险来促进企业创新;数字普惠金融的创新激励作用有利于提高企业的产品与资本市场表现、促进地区经济增长;异质性检验发现,知识产权保护对数字普惠金融与企业创新的调节作用具有“规模效应”“融资依赖效应”和“阶段效应”。研究结论不仅丰富了企业创新的相关文献,还为完善金融监管体系、优化知识产权环境提供了有益启示。     

Innovation,financial development and economic growth in Eurozone countries

Using a panel vector auto-regressive model, we study interactions between innovation, financial development and economic growth in 18 Eurozone countries between 1961 and 2013. We focus on whether causality runs between these variables both ways, one way, the other way or not at all. Our empirical results show that development of the financial sector and enhanced innovative capacity in the Eurozone contributes to long-term economic growth in the countries in the region.     

Financial innovation,economic growth,and the consequences of macroprudential policies

We leverage a ‘catch-all’ measure of financial innovation—research and development spending in the financial sector—to assess the net relationship between financial innovation and economic growth and evaluate the influence of macroprudential policy on this relationship. Using a panel of 23 countries over the period of 1996–2014, our results demonstrate a net-positive relationship between financial innovation and gross capital formation. We find no evidence of a net-negative impact of financial innovation on economic growth, challenging the popular and political stigma surrounding financial innovation. We also find little robust evidence of macroprudential policy influencing the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. Our results support a functional approach to the regulation of financial innovation, which improves the intermediation process, leading to increased capital formation.     

Financial markets, specialization, and learning by doing

This paper considers three questions: (1) what is the role of financial markets in development, (2) why do some economies have such poorly developed financial markets, and (3) can government policy be used to promote financial market development? With respect to the first question, we formalize the widely-held notion that financial markets promote entrepreneurship, specialization, and learning-by-doing. However, if economic incentives for specialization are absent, financial markets may fail to form. This occurs when real interest rates are too low. We also discuss policies that can be used to promote financial market development. When these policies are successful, they will be growth promoting. Finally, we examine policies intended to manipulate returns on savings, which are often important components of “financial liberalizations”. We describe conditions under which such policies will be conducive to growth.     

Financial development and economic growth in Australia: An empirical analysis

The paper empirically examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and economic growth in Australia in terms of bank-based and market-based financial structure. A time-series approach using the VAR Model is used to provide evidence for the dynamic relationship. The paper provides empirical evidence on the causal impact of the financial market on the economic growth of the Australian economy. The results suggest that financial intermediaries and financial markets have different impacts on economic growth given their diverse roles in the domestic economy. In particular there is evidence of causality from economic growth to the development of the financial intermediaries. On the other hand, development in the financial markets causes economic growth but there is no evidence of any causality from economic growth to financial markets. The sensitivity test using different interest rates does not change the results.I Jel classification: O16, G18, G28I We would like to thank Tilak Abeysinghe and Rajagurn Gunasekaran for their helpful comments on the first draft. Also, we would like to thank the Editor, Prof. Baldev Raj, and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments.First version received: October 2001/Final version received: October 2002     

Financing of innovation: national development banks in newly industrialized countries of East Asia

Abstract

Contemporary literature on innovation tends to overlook the issue of financing, whereas financial history suggests that banks have been essential to financing of new industries. Emerging literature ondevelopment banking, although inspiring, remains focused on financing policies. The article aims to rearticulate a coevolutionary nature of industrial and financial interests, following the works of Schumpeter and Minsky, by looking at the 4 cases of national development banks, tasked with long-term financing of industries, from newly industrialized countries of East Asia—South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. The study suggests that innovation in finance, as well as organizational innovation in financial institutions, represent essential elements of financing of innovative activities. Further, organizational innovation in financial institutions, such as development banks, might signify a disposition to face uncertainty, which characterizes economic and technological unknowns inherent in financing of innovation.     

Financial integration and growth in the global economy

This paper analyzes the growth dynamics in the developed world and its relationship to the financial structure. The new entrepreneurial economy of creativity and innovation is identified as the main growth area today. However, such an economy needs financial structure capable of coping with the higher risk inherent in the new economy. To provide such a financial structure, the financial markets must be broad, deep, and liquid. Today, only the U.S. financial markets are large enough to provide this financial structure. Hence, financial integration became the imperative for other countries—especially the European Union (EU) and Japan—in order to achieve the level of economic growth as that of the U.S.     

构建我国多层次资本市场对策研究

多层次资本市场是市场体系建设不可缺少的一部分,对推进经济体制改革、促进国家和区域经济发展、资本市场本身的完善和安全运行、解决中小企业融资问题、优化准入机制和推出机制、防范和化解我国的金融风险等方面具有重要意义。我们认为,我国未来的多层次资本市场应该具有如下基本架构:积极推进中国资本市场的国际化进程;注重发展企业长期债券市场;大力发展私人权益资金市场;继续完善中小企业板市场;发展场外交易市场;发展地方产权(股票)交易市场等。     

中国金融发展对经济增长内在传导渠道研究——基于内生增长理论的实证比较

文章基于内生增长理论,结合中国经济增长的典型事例,确定了经济增长的影响因子,并将其与金融发展的指标变量建立回归模型组,探讨了金融发展对经济增长的内在传导机制。研究结果表明,资本存量、人力资本以及制度因素是中国金融发展与经济增长之间三条显著的传导渠道,资本积累是金融发展对中国经济增长最主要的传导渠道;技术进步并不是显著的传导渠道;同为金融发展作用于经济增长的传导主体,金融中介的作用明显要大于金融市场。     

经济政策不确定性与家族企业创新——融资约束及政府补助视角

家族企业作为社会发展的主要参与者，在促进经济增长方面发挥着不可替代的作用。家族企业若想实现长期发展，必然依靠创新。然而，我国家族企业普遍面临创新投入不足、创新产出效率低下等问题。基于2010—2018年中国上市家族企业数据，分析经济政策不确定性对于家族企业创新是否存在激励作用。结果发现，经济政策不确定性提高，会对家族企业创新研发活动投入与产出产生正向激励作用，促进家族企业创新。从融资约束与政府补助视角，分析两者在上述正向激励作用中的调节作用。结果表明，对于融资约束小以及受到政府补助的家族企业而言，其受到经济政策不确定性的正向激励作用更显著，有助于其开展创新研发活动。结论不仅验证了经济政策不确定性对于家族企业创新的激励作用，还揭示了融资约束以及政府补助的调节作用，可为政府制定相应补助政策，构建完善的金融市场提供理论支持和经验证据。     

Financial market development,global financial crisis and economic growth: evidence from developing nations

Emerging and frontier markets in Africa have witnessed various economic and financial reforms aimed at integrating the domestic markets into the global financial market to attract investment. Whether these reforms promote high economic growth remains inconclusive. The paper applies the pooled mean group estimation technique to empirically re-investigate the link between financial market development, global financial crisis, and economic growth in selected African economies. The results strongly support our hypotheses that stock market and banking sector development promotes economic growth in the selected countries. Moreover, financial crisis reduce the positive effects of both the stock market and banking sector developments on economic growth. The study suggests that both the banking sector and stock market are important to deliver the long-run economic growth that the African region desired. Moreover, effort should be made to enact policy measures that would ensure development of the stock market which has received inadequate attention.     

地方高校金融学专业教学改革浅析

近年来,随着我国金融市场的不断开放,金融市场化程度越来越高,衍生金融产品交易日趋活跃,传统的金融理论知识已不足以支撑现代金融发展的需求,并且,随着地方金融中心的崛起,区域金融的发展也对金融人才提出了新的要求,因此,转变地方高校金融专业的教学理念,创新教学方法与实践迫在眉睫。