基于明亮区域和天空识别的图像去雾算法

针对去雾算法对存在大面积明亮区域的图像去雾效果不佳的问题,根据暗原色先验原理提出了一种基于明亮区域和天空区域识别的图像去雾算法。根据天空区域和明亮区域的特点,建立了明亮区域和天空区域的判别机制,对不同类型的图像采用不同方法求取大气光值;基于点暗原色原理,采用中值滤波和双边滤波对点透射率进行细化,与块透射率相比,采用点透射率可以保留更多的图像细节。结果显示,采用均方误差、峰值信噪比、可见边梯度和结构相似性4个参数作为图像去雾效果的客观评价指标,优化后算法的综合评价指标均优于其他算法。所提出的算法对不同类型图像均可取得较好的去雾效果,消除了去雾图像的光晕、块效应和天空区域过饱和现象。     

GCr15钢双细化处理在冷镦模上的应用研究

本文根据螺钉冷镦模的工作条件和生产特点,提出了 GCr15钢双细化处理工艺;研究了预处理及最终热处理工艺参数对组织和性能的影响。未溶碳化物可细化到0.5μm 左右,晶粒细化为10～11级。经双细化处理的 GCr15钢制M3螺钉冷镦模较原 T10A 钢制常规处理者其使用寿命提高2倍。     

基于像素级估计的视频显著性检测

为了减少背景噪声干扰,准确地从复杂视频中提取显著目标,提出一种具有时空一致性的视频显著区域检测算法。将视频帧划分为超像素,以超像素为基本单元提取光流特征,在时空一致性原则指导下动态融合颜色、边界信息和光流特征,获取视频显著图。在此基础上,借助视频帧的细节和区域特征对视频显著图进行细化增强。实验结果表明,算法的准确率[CD*2]召回率曲线在复杂图像数据库中高于传统经典算法,具有足够高的鲁棒性,能够减少相机运动和背景运动以及突变情况对跟踪检测的影响。所提方法能够在各种运动模式下和外观复杂场景中较为完整地提取显著目标,可作为预处理技术,改善目标跟踪、行为检测、视频压缩等的性能。     

细化预算管理的探讨

结合安钢开展全面预算管理的实际,作者论述了预算管理细化的必要性及细化过程中可能产生的矛盾,并对预算项目的细化程度从五个方面做进一步探讨。     

沪房产税契税征收管理细则出台

上海市地税局发布了关于契税征收管理等有关问题的公告，进一步对上海房产税契税征收过程中出现的问题进行细化。     

煤矿掘进机远程智能控制系统的设计应用

对于现阶段使用的煤矿掘进机来说，控制系统存在精度低、自动化水平不高等问题，导致工作效率不高。因此，需要对煤矿掘进机进行细化设计。一方面，通过专业工作人员的实际评估和测试，保证煤矿掘进机智能控制系统的稳定性；另一方面，根据煤矿掘进机控制系统存在的问题，进行细化处理。本文就煤矿掘进机远程智能控制系统的设计应用展开分析和论述。     

服饰图案在婴幼儿服装中的应用

图案是一种装饰性的艺术,是装饰性和实用性相结合的一种美术形式,服饰图案又是这种美术形式的完美体现。对婴幼儿服装中的服饰图案要素进行了细化,对如何将服饰图案合理地应用到婴幼儿服装中的问题进行了阐述。     

基于Adaboost算法人脸识别算法的研究

AdaBoost是机器学习中比较流行的分类算法。本文对首先介绍Haar-Like特征和积分图的概念,然后对基于Adaboost算法人脸识别算法进行了归纳研究。     

凉水塔风机异常振动的诊断

利用频谱分析对凉水塔风机产生的异推动进行诊断，从细化频谱图上识别出故障频率，找出了振动的根本原因并解决。     

偏远井场安全管理方法探讨

通过近年来对现场偏远井场的安全管理工作实践,将偏远井场现场存在的问题进行细化、分析。从建立完善的安全管理考核办法、实施"以人为本"的安全管理方针、做好各项培训考核工作和整改现场不安全因素4个方面提出建议,使偏远井场安全管理工作进一步细化和标准化,建立一套偏远井场安全管理工作的长效机制,确保其各项管理工作平稳有序运行。     

背压对超塑自由胀形影响的实验研究

本文实验研究了背压 P_b 对超塑性自由胀形宏观力学行为的影响。实验结果表明,背压 P_b 的施入,提高了胀形的成形速度而缩短了成形时间,胀形极限有所提高,厚度变薄趋于均匀,胀形件的几何形状趋于球面。     

棕榈纤维制取与性能的初步研究

从资源开发利用的角度看,天然棕榈纤维是一种尚未开发利用的新型纤维材料。纤维硬度大,强度大,纤维细小分支多。出于对自然环境的保护,采用蒸煮方法和手工剥取的方法都能制取棕榈纤维,但纤维细度较粗,有毛刺,如能进一步地细化和柔软处理,将得到新型纺织纤维。     

稠油脱水工艺的研究与改造

简述了稠油对原油脱水系统的影响，并介绍了在稳定原油脱水生产过程中，通过开展药剂实验选型，采用改造稠油与高温重油单独脱水工艺、提高温度以及运用稠油掺稀油原理，加大分水器处理量，合理调整参数等方法，成功解决了脱水过程中出现的系列难题．为今后稠油脱水处理提供了一个很好的借鉴。     

The effect of competition on eBay

I examine the effect of competition on eBay Motors. I specify a simple model of auction choice and show that the expected transaction price falls with an increase in the number of competitors. I then test for this effect using data from 5,500 auctions for Chevrolet Corvettes. To address potential endogeneity of the level of competition, I introduce an instrument which takes advantage of the unique features of eBay. Results indicate that an additional competitor leads to a 6% reduction in the final transacted price ($960 for the average car). Further, I provide evidence that this effect is due to the thinning of the bidder market rather than dynamic bidding.     

钢结构常压方形储罐单片制作质量控制

在大型储罐的制作安装过程中,由于大型储罐面板面积大,板较薄,包含焊缝数量多,焊缝较长,排布方式多样,若控制措施不当,很容易引起变形;焊接变形产生的原因主要是因为焊接产生的热量在焊接件上的不均匀分布造成的。如何有效地控制罐壁板和上下底板的变形,是制作的难点和重点。从焊接产生的热量和焊接应力两个方面分析了钢结构方形储罐单片制作过程中的焊接变形原因,描述了焊接变形控制的4个常用方法,并针对钢结构方形储罐单片制作过程中的焊接变形提出了质量控制方法。     

The network structure of big business in Taiwan

This paper takes a network approach to understanding ownership patterns and director interlocks in Taiwan. In particular, this paper analyzes ties among Taiwan’s top 200 publicly listed companies in 1990 and 2000. The speed of change in Taiwan’s economic organization during the period has been striking. Not only have the identities of many of Taiwan’s largest firms changed, there seems to have been a substantial pruning and thinning of director ties over time and also a substantial transformation of the ownership network. What continuity remains appears to be largely a consequence of business group membership, and the strength of those ties appears to be considerable. Overall, this research finds that Taiwan’s financial sector has been quite central to the island’s big business network, that business groups are an extremely important category for understanding patterns of ownership ties, and that most director interlocks in Taiwan appear to cross industry boundaries rather than occur within them.     

Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes. To realise the tremendous benefits of AI while mitigating undesirable effects will require enlightened responses by many stakeholders. Varying national institutional, economic, political, and cultural conditions will influence how AI will affect convenience, efficiency, personalisation, privacy protection, and surveillance of citizens. Many expect that the winners of the AI development race will dominate the coming decades economically and geopolitically, potentially exacerbating tensions between countries. Moreover, nations are under pressure to protect their citizens and their interests—and even their own political stability—in the face of possible malicious or biased uses of AI. On the one hand, these different stressors and emphases in AI development and deployment among nations risk a fragmentation between world regions that threatens technology evolution and collaboration. On the other hand, some level of differentiation will likely enrich the global AI ecosystem in ways that stimulate innovation and introduce competitive checks and balances through the decentralisation of AI development. International cooperation, typically orchestrated by intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, private sector initiatives, and by academic researchers, has improved common welfare and avoided undesirable outcomes in other technology areas. Because AI will most likely have more fundamental effects on our lives than other recent technologies, stronger forms of cooperation that address broader policy and governance challenges in addition to regulatory and technological issues may be needed. At a time of great challenges among nations, international policy coordination remains a necessary instrument to tackle the ethical, cultural, economic, and political repercussions of AI. We propose to advance the emerging concept of technology diplomacy to facilitate the global alignment of AI policy and governance and create a vibrant AI innovation system. We argue that the prevention of malicious uses of AI and the enhancement of human welfare create strong common interests across jurisdictions that require sustained efforts to develop better, mutually beneficial approaches. We hope that new technology diplomacy will facilitate the dialogues necessary to help all interested parties develop a shared understanding and coordinate efforts to utilise AI for the benefit of humanity, a task whose difficulty should not be underestimated.     

建设工程合同管理的国际比较分析

目前，我国建设工程中合同体系不健全，合同管理水平低。从建设工程合同体系与合同管理两方面进行国际比较分析。合同体系比较分析的内容包括：体系结构、所运用的承包方式、定价方式、本的适用及制订的参与等。合同管理比较分析的内容包括：总分包合同管理、合同的担保与保险，合同的索赔管理，合同的签订与履行等。     

The locating of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated design and technology experience: person, process, product

Within this paper, a conceptualised triadic schema is hypothesised for locating emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience. The research is based upon an extensive literature review that has been synthesised and juxtaposed with the broad aspirational aims of the subject. The schema, based upon abductive reasoning and grounded theory, ultimately conceptualises the overarching theme of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience within the Primary and Secondary stages of England’s education system. The triadic schema offers an additional opportunity in meta-theorising how the broad aspirational aims of the subject, as outlined in the English national curriculum statement of importance for Design and Technology, can be achieved through recognising the powerful overarching concept of emotion within three emerging domains: Person, Process and Product. The central tenet of this paper is the recognition of emotion within a triadic schema for meta-theorising the place of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience. David Spendlove was previously a senior teacher in secondary education before moving into Higher Education and is now the subject leader for Design and Technology at the University of Manchester. He co-edits both Design and Technology Education: An international Journal and the DATA international research conference proceedings. He is a director of the Design and Technology Association and his research interests are broadly based around learning, pedagogy, creativity, emotion and gender.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.