中国木质林产品贸易条件分析

贸易条件可以衡量某国或地区的贸易处境。该文系统分析了1981-2001年中国木质林产品贸易条件及其变化导致的贸易损益。分析表明,与原材、刨花板、废纸、家具不同,原木、锯材、单板、胶合板、纤维板、木制品、木浆及多数纸和纸制品等木质林产品净贸易条件和收入贸易条件在多数年份是改善的,其进出口价格变化使中国贸易收益增加。木片、家具是中国的大宗出口木质林产品,尽快改善其贸易条件对提高中国木质林产品贸易收益尤为重要。     

中国木质家具贸易条件变动分析

从进出口贸易数量、金额、价格、市场等方面论述我国木质家具的贸易变化情况。计算和分析木质家具的价格贸易条件和收入贸易条件,通过模型对其价格贸易条件变化进行预测。通过静态贸易条件和动态贸易条件两个指标,从贸易条件角度分析中国木质家具贸易利益的变化情况,判断木质家具是否出现了贫困化增长。提出改善我国木质家具贸易条件的建议。     

中国竹藤类产品贸易研究

对竹藤原料、竹藤制品和竹笋三大类产品贸易进行分析。结果表明:2006年中国是世界竹藤类产品中原竹、席制品、编制半成品、篮框、盐水竹笋及其他类竹笋的第一大出口国,但部分产品的贸易条件恶化程度比较严重;同时,中国是原藤第一大进口国,但其主要进口国家的原藤进口量在下降而价格却在上升。     

中国水产品对日本出口变动因素分析

论文利用日本财务省贸易统计提供的1990～2009年日本水产品贸易数据,在总结中国水产品对日本出口贸易特点的基础上,利用恒定市场模型,分析了中国对日本水产品出口贸易的变动情况。研究结果表明,需求效应和竞争力效应是影响中国水产品对日出口额变动的主要因素,近年来中国水产品对日本出口额急剧缩减主要是由于日本水产品进口市场需求萎缩和中国水产品竞争力下降造成的。在此基础上,根据实证分析结果,论文提出了扩大中国水产品对日本出口的建议。     

中国—拉美农产品贸易的影响因素:基于引力模型的实证分析

贸易总量逐年增加、贸易比重不断提高、贸易逆差持续扩大、市场集中度和产品集中度高成为中国—拉美农产品贸易的主要特征,本文运用扩展的引力模型。分析了中国—拉美农产品贸易的影响因素。研究表明,体现汇率变动的国家价格水平、区域经济一体化组织(尤其是自由贸易区)、人均国内生产总值、土地资源禀赋等因素都显著地促进了中国与拉美之间的农产品贸易。中国应密切关注金融危机影响下拉美国家和中国的汇率变动给双方农产品贸易带来的潜在影响,积极推进与拉美主要贸易伙伴的区域经济一体化进程,通过加强经贸合作力争在发展农产品贸易方面实现共赢。     

中国农产品贸易条件恶化及应对策略分析

在总结前人研究贸易条件恶化现象的基础上,分析中国农产品国际贸易的外生比较优势,并从比较优势角度解释农产品贸易条件的恶化,提出应当从农业科技进步方面着手,发展内生比较优势,提高中国在农产品国际贸易中的地位、改善贸易条件、增加贸易利得。     

中国林化产品贸易条件及世界林化产品地区结构分析

利用净贸易条件指数和收入贸易条件指数从整体和分类2个层面对中国主要林化产品1992～2005年贸易条件进行分析,对2002～2005年世界主要林化产品地区结构进行分析。结果表明:中国主要林化产品贸易条件总体上在绝大多数年份得到改善,但单一产品的情况各不相同;中国是世界松香、活性碳、松节油和樟脑出口第一大国,在一定程度上左右国际市场。     

世界刨花板生产和贸易的动态分析

利用联合国粮农组织数据库(FAOSTAT)1961-2007年的刨花板统计数据,基于全球化的视角从总量变动、结构变动和区域分布变动三个方面入手,分析世界刨花板生产和贸易的特点和变化趋势.指出刨花板已经成为世界人造板生产和贸易的最主要品种;刨花板产业不仅有传统的生产销售强国,新兴市场国家逐渐成为中国刨花板的竞争对手;世界刨花板生产的区域分布变动出现了欧美向亚洲转移的趋势,但目前刨花板的主要的生产国、进口国和出口国仍然集中于发达国家,第二次产业转移尚未真正完成.     

中日韩农产品产业内贸易研究

农产品贸易状况时于建立中日韩自由贸易区有着十分重要的意义.发展农产品产业内贸易有利于优化农业产业结构,减少一体化过程中的阻力.本文从整体和分类两个层面和以静态、动态以及结构三个角度分析中日韩三国间的农产品产业内贸易状况,表明中国与日韩之间农产品贸易方式以产业间贸易为主;日韩闻主要以产业内贸易为主;中日、中韩之间的贸易变动主要是由产业间贸易引起的,且以技术差异为特征的垂直型产业内贸易为主.     

新形势下中国林产品贸易的困境与对策探讨

近年来,国际环保主义的盛行和消费者环保意识的提高,不仅催生了以森林认证与产销监管链认证为代表的绿色贸易条件,也促使各主要原木生产国采取各种政策限制木材等原材的出口,美国也修订了《雷斯法案》对贸易中的非法采伐进行限制。林产品贸易所面临的国际环境更加复杂多变。本研究从贸易模式、出口集中度、产业集中度三个角度剖析了中国林产品贸易面临的困境,并提出了相应的对策。     

Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of Preferential Trade Associations on Agricultural and Food Trade

Agricultural market distortions remain a major focus of contention in world trade negotiations. Estimates of the effects of liberalising current agricultural trade restrictions indicate an approximately $385 billion increase in global welfare, with the disproportionate share of the benefit being enjoyed by developing countries. In response to difficulties in adopting agricultural trade reforms, individual groups of countries have formed multiple bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements (PTA) to enhance trade among members. Few sectoral analyses exist of the effects on agricultural and food product trade of PTAs. This research uses a gravity model to isolate the effects of various PTAs on both intra‐ and extra‐bloc agricultural and food product trade for three time periods: 1995, 2000 and 2004. Findings strongly support PTA benefits in terms of increased intra‐bloc trade in both sectors. The findings also generally support trade creation in agricultural products. PTA membership was also associated with food trade creation in most cases, although diversion was observed for several associations composed primarily of developing countries.     

环境壁垒对我国贸易的影响及对策

分析环境壁垒的内涵及对我国外贸造成的影响，提出了我国应对环境贸易壁垒的对策：要加快与国际环境标准接轨的步伐，实施ISO14000认证，充分发挥和利用自身优势，积极发展绿色产业，争取国际组织的环保技术和资金支持，加强与主要贸易伙伴的技术合作，拓展国际市场，实现出口贸易稳步增长。     

Do Regional Trade Agreements Increase Members' Agricultural Trade?

The gravity model is used extensively to investigate the trade flow effects of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). A notable feature common to previous research is the use of aggregate trade data. These studies typically report conflicting, and even negative results of the effect of RTAs on members' trade. Using recent developments in the gravity equation suggested by Baier and Bergstrand (2007) and Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) , this article demonstrates that RTA effects on members' trade depend fundamentally on whether the analysis focuses on agricultural or nonagricultural sectors, on the particular agreement analyzed, and on the length of the phase-in period that characterizes almost all RTAs.     

国际贸易中战略性贸易保护的博弈分析 --兼谈反倾销、特别保障措施和绿色壁垒

两个国家之间的贸易是一个博弈，一般来说纳什均衡点将在一定区间范围内移动，根据双方的实力通过谈判最终达到纳什均衡，这是一个量变的过程。但是一旦商品出口量突破临界点时，就超过了进口国可以容忍的限度，形势发生了质的变化。进口国政府会认为进口产品冲击了本国市场，从而决定进行战略性贸易保护，根据具体情况或采取反倾销措施、特别保障措施或运用绿色壁垒来限制进口。所以有必要研究可能触发贸易保护的临界点。在贸易实务中触发进口国采取保护措施有二个敏感因素：一是价格触发，二是数量触发，在数量触发中又分为进口增幅过大造成的数量触发和进口总量过大造成的数量触发。本文以中日菠菜贸易为例进行了博弈实证分析，触发日本对菠菜进行贸易保护的经济根源是由于日本菠菜生产者、日本农协及其他流通组织受到的损失大于日本蔬菜进口商和消费者的得益，证实日本就是运用绿色壁垒对中国菠菜进行了限制，本文对避免触发贸易保护与化解贸易纠纷提出了一系列战略对策。     

构建中国-澳大利亚自由贸易区对双边农产品贸易的影响

本文在分析中国与澳大利亚双边农产品贸易的现状的基础上,分析了中国和澳大利亚两国的农产品贸易壁垒。利用贸易创造和贸易转移理论,研究中国一澳大利亚自由贸易区的建立对双边农产品贸易的影响。     

Tariff Equivalent and Forgone Trade Effects of Prohibitive Technical Barriers to Trade

We derive a method to econometrically estimate the tariff equivalent and forgone trade effects of a prohibitive technical barrier to trade (TBT) based on Wales and Woodland's Kuhn–Tucker approach to corner solutions in consumer choice. The method overcomes the lack of observed data on bilateral trade flows and accounts for differentiated goods by place of origin. We apply the derived random utility model to international trade in apples to identify the tariff equivalent of prohibitive phytosanitary barriers imposed by Australia on potential imports of New Zealand apples. We estimate the forgone apple trade between the two countries, the implied trade injury imposed by Australia on New Zealand, and the welfare loss to Australia. The removal of the Australian policy would induce net welfare gains around US$50 million annually for Australia.     

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped TBT estimate to its key determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, and trade cost). We use the augmented approach to investigate the recent Japan–U.S. apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then draw policy implications of our findings.     

Trade Elasticity,Gravity and Trade Liberalisation: Evidence from the Food Industry

We present an econometric investigation of the trade effect produced by the elimination of tariffs in 18 food sectors for a large sample of developing and developed countries. The standard CES monopolistic competition trade model and the gravity equation were used to estimate trade substitution elasticities, exploring their sensitivity to different estimation methods. Using these elasticities, we simulate the trade effect of the elimination of tariffs, dealing with the problem of uncertainty in the estimated values. Results point to a significant variation in the elasticities estimated by different econometric methods, suggesting that the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator significantly inflates their magnitude. Simulation results indicate that trade liberalisation will strongly increase food exports especially from high income and emerging countries, leading to a general loss of market share by developing countries. The simulated trade flows obtained from the econometric approach are quite close to current evidence based on computable general equilibrium models.