中国吸引外资存在的问题及策略研究

自80年代以来我国利用外资工作取得了显著成效,在肯定利用外资对我国经济发展的正面效应,分析我国引进外商直接投资的现状的同时,也应该全面看到我国在引进外资上存在很多问题,本文主要概括了我国在引进外资上工作上存在的三大主要不足:第一,投资结构失衡;第二,我国的引进外资政策不是很完善;第三,环境污染问题。并针对提出的问题提出切实合理的改善措施。     

借债方略

引进和利用外资，弥补国内资金的短缺，带动产业升级和出口工业的发展，是我国改革开放的重要内容，而积极、审慎地对外举债，利用外国贷款亦应是我国引进外资战略的一个重要内容。把对外举债纳入我国宏观经济规划，是突破资金相对匮乏这个瓶颈的重要办法。运用外债必须从宏观经济角度把握，确保资金使用的效益以及顾利偿债。因此，举借外债应注意以下几点：     

韩国利用外资的启示

韩国经过30多年的努力,在经济建设方面取得了举世瞩目的成绩,跻身世界经济11强,创造了汉江奇迹。在韩国的经济发展过程中,外资起到了重要作用,它不仅推动了韩国经济的腾飞,而且促进了内部积累能力的提高。因而,韩国被人们誉为"以积极引进外资迅速完成工业化的典范",并被认为是利用外资在经济发展上取得经济奇迹的国家之一。但是,东南亚金融危机的爆发暴露出韩国在利用外资方面的许多弊端,正确看待韩国在引进外资方面的教训对我国引进和利用外资有着深刻的启示。     

中国利用外资规模问题研究

本文首先介绍了中国利用外资的情况以及20年来关于利用外资的争论,然后反驳了第三次争论中关于中国存在“外资依赖症”的说法,通过对中国引进外资来源以及使用外资与社会固定资产投资相对规模的分析进一步讨论中国是否存在外资引进过多的问题,最后总结虽然在外资引进中存在一些问题,但FDI对我国的经济发展做出了积极贡献,在世界各国竞争吸引FDI的环境下,积极利用外资促进中国经济增长和发展,应当是我国一项长期基本国策。     

我国外资引进与利用现状研究

改革开放以来,我国引进外资的规模不断扩大,2007年,我国吸引的外资达904亿美元,居世界首位,引进和利用外资有效促进了我国的经济发展,同时也带来了一些问题。文章通过分析我国外资引进与利用现状,并提出了合理的政策建议。     

大连市有效利用外资问题研究

目前,引进优质外资已成为我国各城市招商引资的首选目标,成为提升城市竞争力的必由之路。本文通过对辽宁省大连市引进外资的发展历程、现状和前景的分析,提出其存在的问题,并相应地提出一些对策建议,希望对大连如何有效引进和利用外资方面有所裨益。     

从2004年全省利用外资情况看我行外汇业务发展

利用外资不仅只关系到资金的流动与使用，而且和我国的外经贸政策、外汇管理等方面直接相连；利用外资不仅有资金的直接流入，也有技术的引进、设备的进口、无形资产的输入，可能涉及不同国家的对外政策、外汇管理体制、不同的企业主体。因此，对引进外资项下资本金业务的拓展，不只反映当年国际结算和外汇存贷款的变化，而且将直接影响我行未来外汇业务的发展，直接反映一行外汇业务的经营能力和综合营销的管理水平。     

日本经济高速增长时期引进外资的特点

战后日本为迅速恢复经济,实现资产阶级现代化,采取了比较积极的利用外资政策。通过引进一定数量的外资,不仅在一定程度上缓和了战后初期日本资金短缺,外汇不足的矛盾,而且得以引进比较先进的技术,改变了技术水平落后的局面,使日本迅速走上了现代化道路。分折日本利用外资的过程可以看出有以下几个特点: ①确立以国内积累为主、引进外资为辅的资金战略,明确外资在国内经济发展过程中的作用。并通过立法保证引进外资工作的顺利进行。战后日本在解决资金不足问题时,把重点放在扩大国内积累上,使日本国内的总积累率不断提高,由1946～1955年的25%左右。     

浅谈外资利用与我国经济的发展

积极吸引、有效利用外资是弥补我国经济发展过程中资本和技术短缺的有效途径.外资的大量流入既弥补了国内严重的资金短缺,同时又大大提高了中国经济的科技和管理水平.但当前在利用外资过程中也存在一些问题,必须采取有效措施加以解决,以便进一步做好引进外资工作.     

新常态下如何科学利用外资——专访萨斯坦智库秘书长吕伟华

<正>中国国情比较特殊,各地发展差异较大,利用外资不可能有统一的模式,东部发达地区并非都是高端产业,中西部及东北地区在承接东部地区产业转移时要结合当地实际。如何科学地、高质量地引进外资,避免陷入引进-落后-再引进-再落后的怪圈,需要找到一种新的利用外资的模式。日前,由萨斯坦智库秘书长吕伟华主编的2014《中国城市外资吸引力研究报告》(中英文对照)由人民日报出版社对外出版发行。研究报告对全国县市区、地市、省     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.