Testing the Validity of the Simultaneous Openness Hypothesis in Nigeria (1990–2015)

Since the seminal paper by Rajan and Zingales in 2003, a plethora of studies have been motivated to establish whether the simultaneous opening of trade and capital borders leads to financial sector development. We test whether the simultaneous openness hypothesis is valid for Nigeria, with a focus on the banking sector and stock market. Using annual data from 1990 to 2015 and an instrumental variable regression estimation technique, we show that the simultaneous increase of trade and financial openness limits banking sector and stock market development. Thus, there is no empirical evidence to validate the simultaneous openness hypothesis in Nigeria. It also shows that trade openness is more beneficial for banking sector and stock market development in Nigeria than financial openness.     

基于在岸金融市场视角的日元国际化进程与启示

最近几年,日元国际化程度不见提高,反而不断被边缘化,成为国际经济活动中的非主流货币。为此,文章从微观角度研究日本国内金融市场对日元国际化进程的支持力度。研究发现,受国内经济长期衰退影响,日本股票市场表现不及其他发达市场;其债券市场发展不平衡,国债市场独大,公司债券市场萎靡,并且资本项目开放不完全限制了债券市场发展;其衍生品市场也缺乏国际竞争力。换言之,日本在岸金融市场发展直接制约了日元国际化进程。     

机构投资者对股票市场发展的影响分析

对于大力发展机构投资者能否对股票市场的发展起到稳定运行的作用,国际上在理论和经验研究上都没有形成确切的结论。由于我国股票市场起步于个人投资者,股市发展中的多次波动是理论界寄希望于大力发展机构投资者来稳定市场,事实上机构投资者未能起到稳定市场的作用,究其原因是我国股市属于不完全有效市场,上市公司质量低下等,给机构投资者的投机行为创造了很大的空间。本文从若干层面分析机构投资者对股市发展产生的影响,提出解决发展机构投资者对股市稳定运行的建议。     

论预售商品房再转让的正当性及其法律规制

预售商品房再转让行为在预售商品房交易市场中大量存在,由于市场发展的不成熟和相关立法的有待完善,使得过度投机行为成为再转让市场中最大的弊病,给预售商品房再转让带来了较大的负面影响。因此,法学理论界对是否应允许预售商品房再转让行为的存在,一直没有达成共识。本文从预售商品房再转让行为的法律性质上分析,指出预售商品房再转让实际上就是合同的权利转让或合同权利义务的概括转让,有其存在的正当性。在此基础上,针对其实践操作中存在的问题,就如何对预售商品房再转让行为加以有效的引导和规范提出了一些建议。     

Why Do Chinese Private Enterprises Seek Outward Foreign Direct Investment?

China is currently in a period of economic transformation and the reform of the factor market still lags behind that of the product market. This study explores the reasons causing China's private enterprise to expand abroad from the perspective of domestic factor market imperfection. Using data for Chinese listed firms between 2002 and 2020, it examines whether outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has been undertaken by private enterprises as a response to domestic factor market imperfection. It finds that private enterprises located in regions with greater factor market imperfection have had a greater tendency to engage in OFDI. This effect has been more pronounced among firms with high productivity or high innovation capability, and among medium and small private enterprises.     

非法吸收公众存款罪与民间融资

近年来的司法实践,对非法吸收公众存款罪的认定有扩大化倾向。许多个案不考虑融资的目的是否为企业自身发展,不考虑是否造成损害后果、是否具有侵占、诈骗的故意等特征,抹煞非法吸收公众存款犯罪与合法的民间借贷的区别。这一扩大化的倾向与加入世贸后打破金融垄断、鼓励金融市场竞争、民间金融逐步合法化的趋势是背道而驰的,所以有必要对非法吸收公众存款罪与民间融资加以区分。     

China： Between Social Stability and Market Integration

I. IntroductionOver the past two and a half decades the Chinese leadership has succeeded in ensuring96 Giovanni B. Andornino, Russell G. Wilcox / 95 – 108, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2006 ?2006 The Authors Journal compilation ?2006 Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences economic growth while implementing policies engineered to allow gradual integration into the world economy in a more or less managed fashion.1 Starting from a position of isolation and suppo…     

渭南果业发展的有利条件与对策研究

渭南果业经过十多年的发展,已初具规模。又因渭南地理位置优越,果品运输方便,果业成为当地的重要经济产业之一。渭南果业的发展现状既有自己的特色和优势,又存在许多方面的不足。渭南果业尚处在打入市场的初级阶段,无论在果业种植还是果品销售方面,都存在一定的问题。针对渭南果业发展现状,运用现代营销理念,从品牌塑造,价格定位,科技投入方面着手,准确定位渭南果业营销运作模式,以推进渭南果业的发展,促进渭南经济。     

论新经济形势下企业财务战略管理及对策

改革开放以来,我国经济市场从计划经济时代转变为市场经济时代,并且形成了全方位竞争局面;加入世贸以后,我国经济市场不断热化,企业和企业之间竞争的宽度和深度不断增加。企业如何准确定位财务战略管理,成了当时企业深入研究的问题;随着全球经济一体化的逐渐演变,这对我国企业财务战略管理产生了巨大的冲击和影响,企业正从树立质量理念和品牌理念的角逐市场环境的变化、竞争格局的形成、高新技术的应用、消费观念的更新,要求企业财务管理的观念到方式,从企业的经营理念到市场定位,都要作出相应的变革,才能适应发展的需要。然而,由于我国企业对于财务战略定位的认识尚存偏差和不足,使企业管理层在工作中走入一些误区,影响了财务战略的制定和有效实施。本文作者通过对企业财务战略管理的瞻前顾后,尝试着提出一系列新的建议与方案。     

Spatial and Racial Patterning of Real Estate Broker Listings in New York City

It has been well documented that Black homeseekers face discrimination in the housing market in the form of racial steering and other institutional policies and practices that are critical in limiting housing access. Less is known about the mechanisms that operate on the other side of real estate transactions to perpetuate racially segregated neighborhoods. We investigated whether White and Black brokers face segregation in the housing market. That is, to what extent do White and Black brokers differentially market property listings in neighborhoods of varying racial composition? Using real estate listings extracted from the websites of two of the largest New York City real estate brokerages, we examined whether Black and White brokers market properties primarily in Black and White neighborhoods, respectively; and whether, controlling for gender and experience level, Black brokers had a lower average price per square foot than White brokers. Results showed that Black brokers overwhelmingly marketed properties in Black neighborhoods, with fewer listings in White areas. Black brokers also marketed properties with an average price per square foot that was $197 lower than White brokers. Black brokers who worked in offices in Black neighborhoods had the lowest asking price of all brokers. Taken together, Black and White real estate brokers control a bifurcated market in NYC, perpetuating residential segregation and Black–White income and wealth disparities.     

Cooperation and Community Empowerment in Myanmar in the context of Myanmar Agenda 21

Since embracing the market economy in 1988 Myanmar has attempted to involve its civil society organisations, particularly in the health, education and welfare sectors. Both domestic and international non-government organisations play a key role in service delivery, poverty alleviation and capacity building in these areas. Civil society is regarded as a partner in Myanmar's nation-building processes. As Myanmar emerges from its decades of isolation (1962–88) and seeks to find its place amongst the family of nations, it set out, in Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997), a policy framework for sustainable development consistent with the identified principles of good governance based on cooperation and participative practices. This paper discusses how far this framework has been implemented; the obstacles to continued evolution of the socio-political structures; and whether civil society, domestic and international, can foster the 'coming out' process in a way consistent with Myanmar's concept of nation building and holistic security.     

China and India's Growth Surge: Is it a curse or blessing for Africa? The Case of Manufactured Exports

Abstract: In this paper, we address two major questions. First, the question of whether China and India are displacing the African manufacturing export from the third market. Second, whether there is an evidence of shifting comparative advantage from China and India to Africa. We employed a gravity model with a panel data using 13 African exporters of clothing and accessories for the period 1995–2005 to answer the first question. To answer the second question, we used a flying‐geese model and estimated Spearman's rank correlation coefficients on indices of the revealed comparative advantage vectors of the African exporters and China and India for the same period. Both the gravity and flying‐geese models predicted similar outcomes. We found that there is strong evidence that China has been displacing African manufactures from the third market while India has been complementing it in the early years of the study. However, the overall third market impact of China and India has been that of complementarity in the later years of the study period. This result is found to vary across countries. Furthermore, we found evidence of shifting comparative advantage from China and India to Africa as the flying‐geese theory predicts, South Africa being the leading goose followed by Kenya. The major implication of the study is that, in the world where China and India are reshaping the global economic order dynamically, the outcomes of the traditionally received wisdom of trade liberalization and industrialization policies through export promotion may be uncertain and requires strategic thinking.     

商品市场价值贬值探析

人口老龄化已为中国老年市场提供了广阔的发展前景和市场潜力 ,但我国老年产业无论是在理论上还是在实践上一直都是“盲点”。本文有效地针对这些问题 ,展开充分地讨论和研究分析 ,力图在我国老年助听市场的理论和实践上有一定程度地突破和发展。     

Renminbi Derivatives： Recent Development and Issues

This study reviews the developments in the onshore and offshore renminbi derivatives markets. The onshore market has seen a rapid build‐up in the market infrastructure and price discovery mechanism in the past year, with empirical evidence suggesting that its pricing is increasingly determined by financial fundamentals, such as the covered interest rate parity. However, the growth of the market has been restrained by restrictions on the participant base, limited variations in the RMB/US$ exchange rate, market participants’lack of technical capacity and experience, and inadequate supporting financial market infrastructure. The non‐deliverable forward (NDF) market, concentrated in Hong Kong and Singapore, is more developed, but has the drawback that its pricing is not tied to financial fundamentals. The comparison between onshore and offshore markets suggests that two issues are of particular importance for future derivatives market development in China: the balance between regulation and development, and the relationship between onshore and offshore markets.     

创业板上市公司会计信息、剩余收益与股价相关性研究

上市公司重要财务指标的会计信息与股票价值相关性的研究一直是理论界长期关注的热点。该文以创业板上市公司为样本,结合Ohlson剩余收益理论,考察了2011-2013年该板块上市公司披露的会计信息对股票价格的影响。结果发现：创业板上市公司的会计信息能够在一定程度上很好地解释股票价格的波动,但创业板尚处于发展阶段,并未形成弱势有效市场;投资者在投资决策时会受到已掌握的会计信息的影响,剩余收益指标可以引导投资者更加重视企业的内在价值,进行投资决策时更多地考虑企业是否创造了价值,从而为价值投资者提供更好的依据。     

对中国股票市场货币传导效率的实证分析

文章从理论上阐释了财富效应形成机理及其股市货币政策传导机制,然后选择上证综合指数和社会消费总额数据为变量,运用格兰杰检验分析我国股票市场的发展是否有助于刺激居民消费和企业投资,是否有利于货币传导效率。研究发现,我国股市不具备财富效应,货币传导机制还不能从股市     

市场结构与企业R&D投资研究综述

自熊彼特提出创新理论以来,市场结构与R＆D投资的关系一直是经济学家关注的热点问题之一。市场结构与R＆D投资理论就是在产业组织的视角下,研究市场结构对企业R＆D投资行为及企业价值的影响。该理论的形成和发展极大的推动了产业组织理论和企业财务理论的发展,对指导企业把企业研发投资行为与产品市场战略相结合,以获取竞争优势和良好业绩具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。文章对半个世纪以来国内外相关理论研究及实证检验进行了梳理,并提出了下一步的研究方向。     

Occupational Mobility Pattern in Chonju,Korea

This paper investigates the existence of the inter‐dependence between the Indian stock market and Asia's emerging markets since 1990. This study analyzes whether the MSCI Asian Index has significantly influenced the Bombay Stock Exchange Index before, during, and after the Asian financial crisis. To address this issue, the author first uses a rolling correlation, and conduct uni‐directional and bi‐directional causality tests using the Granger causality test. He then examines the impulse response functions and variance decompositions of forecast errors based on a VAR (vector auto‐regression) model. These tests provide evidence that the influence of the Asian market on the Indian market has increased during and after the Asian financial crisis. These results can be interpreted as evidence that the Indian market has been moving toward integration with other Asian markets.     

演化发展经济学与新结构经济学——哪一种产业政策的理论范式更适合中国国情

国际学术界有关产业政策的研究存在着两种不同的理论范式：演化经济学和后新古典经济学,这两种不同的理论范式在发展经济学领域中表现为演化发展经济学和新结构经济学的不同。两者的产业政策基于完全不同的理论基础：技术赶超或比较优势;新结构经济学有关政府作用的理论仍是以新古典经济学的市场失败理论为基础的,而演化发展经济学则在批判市场失败理论的基础上提出了一系列的新理论。在演化发展经济学家看来,新结构经济学不适合于中等收入国家,特别是在运用于作为超大型发展中国家的中国国情时存在着严重的缺陷;即使是运用于低收入国家,也是有局限性的。事实证明,技术赶超而非比较优势战略更适合中国国情;以自主创新为核心的基础全面的价值链升级正是我国所有地方政府都面临的共同挑战,而《吉林报告》则忽视了这一关键问题。《吉林报告》的缺陷说明,聚焦于传统意义上产业部门之间区别的新结构经济学已不适应新国际分工对产业政策提出的新要求,演化发展经济学所关注的价值链特定环节、核心技术和组织能力已经成为产业政策的核心问题。因此,一个重要的问题就摆在了中国经济学界的面前：是通过新结构经济学研究中国经济发展问题,还是在演化发展经济学基础之上,针对中国作为超大型发展中国家的国情,发展一种历史和国情特定的中国经济发展理论?     

北京市中小企业经营环境评估

我国中小企业的不断壮大为国民经济增长做出了巨大贡献，但目前仍存在市场竞争压力大、融资成本高等问题。以北京市中小企业为研究对象，从经济市场、政策法律、金融服务和创新发展四个维度构建指标评价体系，通过2013-2017年北京市中小企业各指标对其经营环境的影响进行评价。研究发现，近年来北京市中小企业经营环境逐年优化，但整体水平仍待提高，未来发展重点在于完善政策扶持、优化融资环境和推动创新发展。