Partial Privatization in a Differentiated Mixed Oligopoly

A model of differentiated mixed oligopoly is developed to systematically discuss the welfare consequences of partial privatization of a public firm. We analytically derive the optimal degree of partial privatization not only in the short run with restricted entry but also in the long run with free entry. It is shown that the short-run optimal policy is non-monotonic in the degree of love of variety, while the optimal degree of privatization is monotonically increasing in the consumer's preference for variety in the long run.      

外资银行对国内银行业"组合绩效"的影响机制

文章梳理了外资银行的进入对东道国银行业绩效的影响机制,并以我国银行业中全国性商业银行、地方城市商业银行、信用社以及中外合资银行为样本,就外资银行进入对样本银行的经营费用、盈利能力和银行效率等"组合绩效"指标的影响进行实证分析。在对1998-2005年79家国内银行的面板数据进行了分类估计后发现:(1)外资银行进入的增加导致国内银行管理费用增加;(2)外资银行进入的增加促使国内银行的盈利能力提高;(3)伴随着外资银行的进入,银行竞争不断加剧银行效率也呈现出降低的趋势。     

银行业市场准入监管及其绩效的实证分析

比较各国银行业的市场准入监管可以发现,监管的严格程度大相径庭,但从根本上是保护竞争与限制竞争的原则差异。通过对各国银行业市场准入监管及其绩效的实证分析,发现严格的准入监管与银行发展、产业效率负相关,但与银行危机正相关。文章回顾中国银行业的市场准入监管后,认为放松准入监管将有助于我国银行业发展,并就提高放松准入监管绩效的路径进行了探讨。     

Mixed Oligopoly at Free Entry Markets

We investigate the optimal behavior of a public firm in a mixed market involving private firms and one public firm. Existing works show that welfare-maximizing behavior by the public firm is suboptimal when the number of firms is given exogenously. We allow free entry of private firms and find that, in contrast to the case with the fixed number of firms, welfare-maximizing behavior by the public firm is always optimal in mixed markets. Furthermore, we find that mixed markets are better than pure markets involving no public firm if and only if the public firm earns nonnegative profits.     

效率测度方法的发展及在我国银行业的应用

本文介绍了国外银行效率测度方法的发展历程及其最新进展,分析、评价、比较了效率测度的数据包络分析法、随机前沿法、自由分布法、厚前沿法及递归厚前沿法等。同时,本文还介绍了上述方法在中国的研究与应用情况,指出了我国学者在研究与应用过程中存在的问题及改进方向。     

Bank acquisitions of investment dealers: Canadian evidence and implications for Glass-Steagall reform

This paper analyzes the 1987 change in Canadian legislation permitting commercial banks to engage in investment banking, and makes comparisons to the US, where similar regulatory change is under way. The study focuses on the impact of such regulatory change on issue costs for corporations raising seasoned common equity. The findings indicate that although regulatory reform per se has had no effect on issue costs, costs for issues handled by a bank-owned underwriter are lower than those handled by an independent underwriter. The lower cost may be indicative of the availability of economies of scope between underwriting and commercial banking. First Version Received: Nov. 1998 / Final Version Received: March 2000     

Financial Structure Changes and the Central Bank Policy

In a response to the financial collapse of 2007–2009, central banks overstepped their narrow role of lender of last resort (LLR) and acted as dealers or market-makers of last resort (MMLR). Such an evolution of the central bank policy stems from the endogenous process of growing securities markets, financial innovations, and market-based credit intermediation. This article examines how changes in the structure of the banking and financial system transforms the central bank policy in financial stability. It considers the separation or integration of the LLR and MMLR functions, revisits the debate opposing lend-to-market and lend-to-institution theses, and discusses the LLR standard rule and its transposition to the MMLR rule. Inasmuch as private securities markets and financial innovations determine the structure of the credit system, central banks endogenously adopt the integrated approach, so that the extensive LLR policy prevails.     

Branch banking, entry deterrence, and technology decisions

The paper sets up a theoretical model of banking firms to investigate the relationship between oligopolistic competition and technology structure by using the concept of decentralized operating decisions and centralized investment decisions. It concludes that the representative branch and the new entrant will choose the technology which is deviated from its cost-minimization level if neither of them acts as a quasi-competitive deposit demanders in the case of costless reversibility of capacity decision. In the case of capacity reversed not costlessly, the representative branch will choose the cost-minimizing technology level and the entrant's technology decision depends on its rival's conjectural variation.     

新会计准则对我国银行业的影响及对策

2007年1月1日施行的新企业会计准则相对于旧准则和《金融企业会计制度》在各方面都有很大区别,新准则实现了与国际会计准则的趋同,是对旧准则的完善,但同时也是对我国银行业的挑战,对新准则对我国银行业的影响进行探讨,并提出相应的对策建议.     

Pursuing efficiency while maintaining outreach: Bank privatization in Tanzania

Profitability improvements after the privatization of a large state-owned bank might come at the expense of reduced access to financial services for some groups, especially the rural poor. The privatization of Tanzania's National Bank of Commerce provides a unique episode for studying this issue. The bank was split into the “new” National Bank of Commerce, a commercial bank that assumed most of the original bank's assets and liabilities, and the National Microfinance Bank, which assumed most of the branch network and the mandate to foster access to financial services. The new National Bank of Commerce's profitability and portfolio quality improved although credit growth was slow, in line with the privatization experiences in other developing countries. Finding a buyer for the National Microfinance Bank proved very difficult, although after years under contract management by private banking consultants, Rabobank of the Netherlands emerged as a purchaser. Profitability has since improved and lending has slowly grown, while the share of non-performing loans remains low.     

地区间竞争、财政自给率和公有制企业民营化

相关文献认为 ,分权化改革导致的地区间竞争加剧引发了各地区的国有企业民营化进程。本文试图通过实证分析验证这一结论。本文的实证分析表明 ,地区间竞争加剧的确会推动相关地区国有经济民营化进程。但是由于 1 994年以来 ,地区间市场一体化水平基本没有提高 ,从而地区间竞争并没有明显加剧 ,因此 ,2 0世纪 90年代以来普遍展开的公有制企业改制进程主要不是由地区间竞争推动的。地方政府积极推动公有制企业民营化的主要动因来自于财政方面 ,来自于 1 994年分税制改革给地方政府造成的财政压力和预算约束硬化 ,来自于非国有经济发展、非国有经济比重提高对改善地方财政状况的显著作用。本文的实证分析表明 ,非国有经济比重的提高明显有助于提高地方财政自给率。     

Competition and risk in South East Asian commercial banking

This article investigates the effects of competition on bank risk taking behaviour in four South East Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam). Our main finding is that competition does not increase bank risk-taking behaviour and the results appear robust to different model specifications, estimation approaches and variable construction. We also find that concentration is inversely related to bank risk whereas regulatory restrictions positively influence bank risk-taking.     

外资银行进入对我国银行效率影响的实证分析

本文选取我国银行市场上占主要地位的14家银行1994-2004年的面板数据,就外资银行进入对我国银行业效率影响进行了实证分析.实证结果表明:外资银行的进入使得国内银行的流动性、非利息收入、经营费用和资产收益率降低,并使其资产质量下降,风险增加,但是技术外溢效应以及对国内银行盈利性的影响并不显著.而且,金融业的对外开放对国有银行造成的冲击小于股份制银行.本文还根据实证分析结果,提出相应的政策建议.     

外资银行对东道国银行体系效率的阶段性影响

面对错综复杂的外资银行对东道国银行体系效率的影响研究,我们不能仅停留在宏观或微观层面上．也不能使用单一的模型或相同的时间段来对各国进行比较分析。应该采用阶段性研究方法和充分考虑各自国情及宏观因素下的计量模型来研究。     

中国银行业竞争的外部性经济学溯源

中国金融业全面对外资开放,银行业的竞争格局面临重塑.分析了中国银行业竞争态势,揭示了中外银行业竞争格局异同的深层文化因素和外部性理论的起源及其在金融产业经济中的发展过程,提出外部性理论演进对中国银行业竞争的启示.     

Price,Programming and Potential Competition in US Cable Television Markets

Potential competition in the US cable television industry is empirically examined for 385 markets. Predicted entry probabilities are included in a supply-demand model to permit empirical investigation of the effect of potential competition on incumbent cable operators price and channel programming decisions. Estimation results show incumbents offer more channels to consumers in markets facing greater potential competition from broadband service provider (BSP) wireline overbuilders and/or incumbent local exchange carriers. In particular, when the probability of entry rises to about 42 the average cable system provides six more channels, and price per channel declines from US$ 0.77 to US$ 0.66.JEL Classification: L8, L9, L11We thank Ben Compaine, Shane Greenstein, Anne Hoag, Donald Waldman, Bradley Wimmer, the editor of this journal, an anonymous referee, and participants at the 30th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy (TPRC 2002), September 28–30, 2002, Hilton Hotel, Alexandria, Virginia, for comments. Armando Galarraga and Nana Puangpathumanond provided research assistance, and Jane Frenette and Jonathan Levy provided excellent help with FCC cable entry and competition data. The usual disclaimer applies.     

中外资银行竞争与合作前景分析

随着中国入世过渡期即将结束,中国银行业与外资银行的全面竞争即将展开,越来越多的人关注这种竞争可能带给中国银行业的竞争压力。但是我们也应同时看到外资银行带来的合作机会。本文主要从外资银行进入我国的现状入手,分析了中外资银行的竞争前景和合作机会,提示中国银行业只有抓住机会,才会在这种竞争与合作中取胜。