天然气价格与天然气发展问题探究

天然气作为城市燃气的重要组成部分,将以其资源丰富、发展快速、使用方便的优势压倒石油和煤炭,成为今后必须大力提倡使用的清洁能源之一。本文通过分析天然气价格机制的现状及问题,提出了价格机制改革的新思路。指出我国应推进天然气定价市场化发展,建立天然气和替代能源的联动价格机制,设立专门管制机构监督,并出台统一的石油合作条例。     

我国新能源汽车产业发展的思考与建议

进入21世纪,随着汽车拥有量的逐年攀升,全球能源紧缺以及生态环境的日益恶化,开发替代能源汽车,减少汽车的碳排放已经成为全球汽车工业积极探索的焦点,籍此,发展新能源汽车也成为我国面临的重大机遇与挑战。本文通过对我国新能源汽车产业发展现状的研究和分析,从行业及单个企业这两方面揭示我国新能源汽车产业发展存在的问题,并从国家、产业、企业这三个层面提供相关建议,为我国新能源汽车产业发展提供战略的依据和对策。     

中国天然气汽车产业竞争力研究

在世界范围内各国都采取行动节能减排的形势下,我国也加快推广清洁能源汽车,其中四川成为国家的天然气汽车推广应用的示范区。针对这一态势,我们研究认为:1.发展中国的汽车产业对中国国家发展的极端重要性。2.未来国际、国内的天然气汽车市场非常庞大,决定了其产业发展前景光明。3.中国汽车产业已形成了较强的国际竞争力,可在未来的产业竞争中获得更大利益。4.通过发展状况及问题的分析认为中国天然气汽车产业虽起步晚,但起点高,有竞争力。     

中国甲醇汽车产业化发展前景分析

概述了当前中国甲醇汽车产业发展的现状。从汽车需求趋势、燃料来源稳定性及其经济性、甲醇发动机及整车适配技术、节能环保等方面总结了中国甲醇汽车产业发展的有利条件,并进一步探讨当前中国甲醇汽车产业化发展所面临的主要问题。在此基础上,结合中国交通部门替代燃料汽车发展的现状及甲醇汽车产业区域性发展的特征,提出促进中国甲醇汽车产业发展的对策和建议。     

什么样的体制才能保证我国的能源安全

本文在充分肯定当前我国能源战略的基础上,全面估测了我国石油天然气资源潜力,考察了巴西、印度、美国等国家发展石油天然气工业的经验,结论是我国具备掌握石油主动权和成为石油强国的潜力,而体制障碍才是我国油气产量近几年一直徘徊不前的真正原因,并提出了发展我国石油工业的体制构想.     

新能源汽车产业发展的政策支持

新能源汽车:低碳的必然选择,汽车产业的发展趋势 汽车产业的发展始终伴随着石油消耗和大气环境污染的双重危机.汽车的迅速普及,在改善居民生活的同时也产生了诸如能源、环保等方面的问题.全球交运设备的石油需求占总需求量约60%,在中国,汽车的石油需求占总需求量约35%;而石油生产相对集中,出于能源安全角度考虑,中国和很多发达国家需要降低对石油的依赖,以中国为例,原油对外依存度达到50%,美国60%以上的原油消费来自进口.     

循环经济模式下我国汽车再制造业的现状及发展方向

汽车产业是资源、能源的主要消费者,同时也是污染的主要制造者.在循环经济模式下发展汽车再制造产业是汽车工业未来的发展之路.本文指出了我国发展汽车再制造业的必要性,分析了我国汽车再制造业的现状并提出了未来发展方向.     

低碳经济下物流能源效率与结构调整研究——基于技术差异视角

随着社会和政府对碳排放的日益关注,低碳成为未来物流业发展的趋势。在借鉴已有研究成果基础上,构造超越对数函数模型对物流业不同能源投入要素的产出弹性、替代弹性以及技术进步差异情况进行分析,研究结果表明:2002年开始我国物流能源利用效率在显著提高,尤以天然气能源投入的贡献最大;电力、天然气为代表的清洁能源可以有效替代石油和煤炭,并且天然气、电力等能源技术进步速度要快于石油、煤炭,未来物流业高碳排放能源将被清洁能源逐步替代。研究结果反映了我国物流业能源消耗的实际现状,可以为政府、企业发展低碳物流进行科学决策提供有益参考。     

谈我国石油企业的跨国经营战略

近年来，国家高度重视油气资源的生存与发展，国务院已经把石油天然气资源战略研究和规划列入重要议事日程。从我国的国情来看，我国三大石油集团对国家石油安全应责无旁贷、承担重要义务。     

有远见的企业家应关注我国能源开发方向 五项清洁能源开发前景好商机大

据报道,人类目前使用的主要能源有石油、天然气和煤炭三种。国际能源机构的统计显示,地球上这三种能源供人类开采的年限,分别只有40年、50年和240年。这个数字触目惊心。在我国,随着石油、天然气和煤炭大量的消耗和使用,城市的空气质量状况较差,严重威胁着城市的发展和人们的健康。我国现剩余可开采煤仅有1390亿吨,仅能维持83年开采。我国石油资源不足,天然气资源也不够丰富。我国已成为世界第二大石油进口国。所以,开发新能源,特别是清洁能源替代上述三种传统能源,逐年降低它们的消耗量,保护环境改善城市空气质量早已成为关     

论西北经济发展落后的原因和对策

西北地区处于我国版图的西北部,有着丰富的煤炭、天然气、石油、镍等自然资源,但经济发展仍处于落后的地位。西部大开发政策提出以来,整个西部的经济相比以前着实得到了很大程度的提高,但相比我国的南方,差距依旧明显,经济模式单一、市场不景气、才人外流等。西北经济落后的原因除了地理位置劣势以外,还有许多人文的原因。     

我国天然气发展问题与对策思考

21世纪将是人类重视生态环境,清洁利用化石燃料的时代,一个广泛利用天然气和电力、可再生能源的时机已经成熟.天然气是一种优质、高效、清洁的化石燃料,在所有化石能源中碳排放系数最低.气候变化已经成为我国面临的最大压力,发展天然气工业是我国低碳能源中期目标的战略核心.本文将分析我国天然气发展的现状与问题,并预测未来我国天然气发展的广阔前景.     

The causal relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth: evidence from the G7 countries

This article re-examines the nature of the causality between natural gas consumption and economic growth in G7 countries over the period from 1965 to 2011. We employ the Granger causality procedure proposed by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) which takes into account cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity across countries. Our overall empirical results support the neutrality hypothesis for the panel while the individual country results confirm the same result with the exception of the case of UK, where the conservation hypothesis is confirmed, showing that GDP causes natural gas consumption in the country. These results make policies that promote the consumption of natural gas risk-free with regard to their effects to the economic growth and development levels.     

Analysis of the optimal spatial distribution of natural gas under ‘transition from coal to gas’ in China

China has been attempting to realise green sustainable economic development. Thus, China has proposed and begun to implement the ‘switching from coal to gas’ policy to realise the energy structure transition but neglected to consider seasonal natural gas demand fluctuations, gas supply shortages, the backward gas transportation and storage infrastructure. This paper constructs a model of China’s natural gas distribution system by incorporating these four factors: ① supply factors including domestic natural gas fields, liquid natural gas receiving stations, internationally piped gas sources, ② demand factors including domestic regional demands, ③ real natural gas transportation pipeline systems in the country, and ④ the pricing mechanism of natural gas. Optimal spatial natural gas distribution with maximum social welfare under the three conditions are simulated, respectively: the ① fixed price system, ② market pricing mechanism, and ③ seasonal fluctuations. The simulation results indicate substantial changes would occur in China’s natural gas system during the switch from coal to gas, and the natural gas infrastructure requires further improvement. This paper also provides references for the natural gas storage facility location selection in China.     

我国能源工业投资与能源产量的计量经济模型研究

我国的能源生产结构长期以煤炭为主,为了改变此局面,能源行业固定资产投资指向是明显的,近年来对煤炭行业的投资总量虽然在增加,但在能源投资总额中所占的比重逐年下降,投资增长速度与新增生产能力也慢于石油天然气开采业和电力生产与供应业,但并没有使以煤炭为主的生产结构得到根本性改变,煤炭在能源产量中的比重近年来反而呈上升的趋势,而石油开采业并未因投资的增加导致产量的明显增加,石油的产量比较平稳,因而出现了行业投资与产量不一致的现象。因此,利用计量经济理论中协整理论进行分析,找出不一致的原因,为今后能源行业的健康发展提出建议。     

我国的能源结构调整与能源安全

我国20世纪90年代成为石油净进口国。随着经济和能源结构调整，21世纪我国石油、天然气的消费比重上升和对国外油气依存度的加大已是必然趋势。鉴于世界石油价格大幅波动，能源问题又是国际政治的一个重点，有必要对我国能源战略与能源安全展开深入研究。     

论我国资源替代技术工业化路线的政策选择

我国正处在资源替代技术工业化路线的关键时期,正确的国内外资源方针政策是确保获得充分的资源投入,促进我国工业持续发展的日益重要因素。全球资源竞争加速了资源所有者的重组及国家垄断步伐,并凸显了资源及其相关政策、制度的重要意义。因此,如何以正确的资源替代技术工业化产业政策,引导我国工业顺利过渡到低资源消耗意义重大。     

Liberalizing the energy markets of Western Europe – a computable equilibrium model approach

Using a computable equilibrium model, the short-run effects of a radical liberalization of the West European natural gas and electricity markets are examined. In each model country, oil, gas, coal and electricity are produced, traded and consumed. There are world markets for oil and coal, and well-integrated competitive markets for gas and electricity in Western Europe. Gas and electricity are transported and traded across markets under the assumption of ideal third-party access regimes for transportation and limited capacities in the transportation networks. It is found that relative to the data year 1996, radical liberalization reduces the average end-user price of natural gas by around 20%, and the average end-user price of electricity by around 50%. The supply of electricity increases by around 20%, mainly due to increased coal power production. After such liberalization, coal power emerges with the largest market share of electricity production in Western Europe.     

Estimating the natural rate of interest in an open economy

The concept of the natural or equilibrium rate of interest has attracted a lot of attention from monetary policymakers in recent years. Most attempts to estimate the natural rate use a closed-economy framework. We argue that in the face of greater integration of global product and capital markets, an open economy framework is more appropriate. We provide some initial estimates of the natural rate for the USA and Japan in a two-country framework. Our identifying assumptions include a close relationship between the time-varying natural rate of interest and the low-frequency fluctuations of potential output growth in both the home country and the foreign country. Our results suggest that the natural rates in both countries are mainly determined by their own trend growth rates of potential output. Nevertheless, the other country’s trend growth plays an important role in several specific periods. The gap between the actual real interest rate and our estimated natural rate offers valuable insights into the recent stance of monetary policy in both of these two countries.     

Before ‘Independence’ Arrived: Interdependence in Energy Relations between Lithuania and Russia

This paper analyses energy relations concerning natural gas between Lithuania and Russia. Contrary to the existing literature, which stresses Lithuanian energy dependence, this paper argues that there had been interdependence between the two countries even before Lithuania underwent diversification at the end of 2014. The paper develops an analytical framework that examines: (a) physical energy relations, (b) the dominance of the energy agenda in mutual relations, and (c) the influence of the European Union. The analysis shows that while Lithuania was dependent on Russian supplies of natural gas, Russia was also dependent on Lithuania as a transit country of gas to Kaliningrad, a Russian enclave. Although Russia has shown a much higher willingness to employ an energy weapon than Lithuania, its efforts to exercise pressure on Lithuania have been negatively affected by the Baltic state’s position as a transit country. The European Union has played a crucial role as its pre-accession requirements and internal energy market rules have significantly influenced the energy relationship between the two countries.