INTERBUS全国巡回技术研讨会

上个世纪末以来，随着通讯技术、计算机技术、网络技术的飞速发展，工业自动化领域发生了深刻变革。来自德国的PhoenixContact公司努力投身于这一时代浪潮，在现场总线技术、PC－Based技术、工业以太网技术这三大重要革新中引领着世界的步伐。今天，菲尼克斯的INTERBUS＋ETHERNET这一新型自动化方案，构造了完善的工业企业管理控制网络，体现了２１世纪的自动控制技术。INTERBUS现场总线诞生于１９８５年，以其技术的先进性、开放性、成熟性广泛适用于汽车、机器、物流设备、卷烟设备等各种制造业领域中。在全球有３０００多个…     

汽车工业环境物流技术的研究

在对汽车工业环境物流现状分析的基础上，提出了环境物流技术在工业产品生产中的应用，其核心是拆卸与回收，并对拆卸与回收环境物流技术进行了初步探讨。     

冲压生产的电子看板物流系统

阐述了某汽车公司冲压厂电子看板物流系统的设计构造与具体应用,通过现场总线技术、QAD系统与LED技术相结合,并科学的应用精益生产中准时化生产原理,建立拉动式生产看板系统,实现生产控制信息与物流信息的实时传递与监控,保证了生产及时、高效,杜绝过量生产。     

轻卡汽车车身集约型储运解决方案

汽车车身是汽车生产的重要总成件，它在汽车制造装配物流过程中具有不可替代的地位。而车身储运又是该过程中的关键环节之一。它在汽车装配物流系统中起着承上启下的作用，是关系到整车质量整体形象重中之重的流程工艺。     

中小制造企业生产物流系统改造的实例研究

通过对一个中型汽车零部件制造企业进行生产物流系统改造的方案设计、评价、比选以及实施过程的研究，介绍了AB汽车零部件有限公司生产物流系统改造的成功经验，提出了一些生产物流系统改选中常用方法和程序。     

C-BUS现场总线在照明控制中的应用

自现场总线产生以来已有近20年的历史，它已经在汽车、造纸、纺织、石化、电力、楼宇等诸多领域中得到广泛应用。近几年，国内外先后开发出许多基于现场总线的智能照明控制系统以取代传统的照明控制方式。文中以C—BUS智能照明控制系统为例，通过在仙桃体育馆中的应用分析，阐述了现场总线在照明控制中的应用。     

现场总线技术在烟草工业成品物流自动化系统中的应用

在介绍PROFINET和PROFIBUS现场总线的基础上,研究了它们在烟草工业企业成品物流自动化系统中的应用。由于采用了先进可靠的PROFINET和PROFIBUS现场总线技术,使系统便于维护,降低布线安装成本,并增强了系统的开放性、兼容性和实时性。     

仿真在生产物流系统中的应用

生产物流系统效率的提高能有效提高生产系统的总效益，提高企业利润。本文指出在“按订单”生产方式下可利用仿真技术来解决复杂生产物流系统中的问题．讨论了仿真在生产物流系统重构、车间物流改造、确定瓶颈资源及库存管理等方面的应用。最后指出仿真在生产物流领域将会有广阔的应用前景。     

现代港口物流系统的监控及网络通信

以煤炭专用码头为例，介绍港口物流系统的结构配置以及应用PROFIBUS-DP过程现场总线技术实现物流系统过程监控。     

基于PROFIBUS-DP的PCB压合控制系统设计

文章论述了Profibus-DP现场总线在PCB压合过程的物流输送控制中的应用,根据物流监控系统的实际需要,完成了监控系统硬件和软件的设计,实现了PLC自动控制叠板、拆板、清洗等工艺步骤。     

Slumdog cities: rethinking subaltern urbanism

This article is an intervention in the epistemologies and methodologies of urban studies. It seeks to understand and transform the ways in which the cities of the global South are studied and represented in urban research, and to some extent in popular discourse. As such, the article is primarily concerned with a formation of ideas - "subaltern urbanism" - which undertakes the theorization of the megacity and its subaltern spaces and subaltern classes. Of these, the ubiquitous ‘slum’ is the most prominent. Writing against apocalyptic and dystopian narratives of the slum, subaltern urbanism provides accounts of the slum as a terrain of habitation, livelihood, self-organization and politics. This is a vital and even radical challenge to dominant narratives of the megacity. However, this article is concerned with the limits of and alternatives to subaltern urbanism. It thus highlights emergent analytical strategies, utilizing theoretical categories that transcend the familiar metonyms of underdevelopment such as the megacity, the slum, mass politics and the habitus of the dispossessed. Instead, four categories are discussed — peripheries, urban informality, zones of exception and gray spaces. Informed by the urbanism of the global South, these categories break with ontological and topological understandings of subaltern subjects and subaltern spaces.     

The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

浅议企业人力资源管理

随着社会的进步和企业的发展,企业的高层都认识到,人力资源是企业最为关键的资本,是企业介入市场竞争之根本,人力资源的管理与开发是企业成功的关键。企业也日益深刻的体会到培养核心竞争力是制胜的法宝,而这种竞争力无疑与人力资源的正确开发和合理利用有着密切的联系。本文通过对企业人力资源开发与管理存在的问题与原因的分析,提出了相应的对策和措施。企业人力资源开发与管理是研究对企业各类人员的录用、开发、维持和使用进行计划、组织、指导和控制的一项系统工程。     

电子音乐流派的社会变革(英文)

从社会和政治变化、电子音乐流派的发展,形成了电子音乐,科学和技术的发展对电子音乐有重大的影响。他们是四个不同历史时期的发展——未来派,法西斯主义,达达派、电子音乐的时期。从最早使用:麦架,嘘声,窃窃私语,爆炸等。音乐和表达感情的表现,在阶级斗争,政治变革和经济危机、发展迅速的电子音乐,用在许多不同的零件,例如播放音乐、电影、电视等,都成了一个必不可少的组成部分的音乐市场。     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Forecasting in social settings: The state of the art

This paper provides a non-systematic review of the progress of forecasting in social settings. It is aimed at someone outside the field of forecasting who wants to understand and appreciate the results of the M4 Competition, and forms a survey paper regarding the state of the art of this discipline. It discusses the recorded improvements in forecast accuracy over time, the need to capture forecast uncertainty, and things that can go wrong with predictions. Subsequently, the review classifies the knowledge achieved over recent years into (i) what we know, (ii) what we are not sure about, and (iii) what we don’t knowIn the first two areas, we explore the difference between explanation and prediction, the existence of an optimal model, the performance of machine learning methods on time series forecasting tasks, the difficulties of predicting non-stable environments, the performance of judgment, and the value added by exogenous variables. The article concludes with the importance of (thin and) fat tails, the challenges and advances in causal inference, and the role of luck.     

简论事业单位的人事与劳动纠纷

事业单位人事纠纷与劳动纠纷自成立之日起便以有之。工作中存在与发生的矛盾、分歧与争议无时不在。上级与下级之间、员工与领导之间、人与机构之间、单位与人事机构之间存在与发生的纠纷、矛盾基本上通过党组织、行政命令、政策、甚至个人权利威望与影响力来解决。这些人事矛盾基本上在内部消化,几乎从未没有公开。而到了21世纪的今天,由于政治与民主法制进程加快,以及人事制度的悄然进行,这种矛盾日益公开。那么化解这种矛盾究竟是适用劳动仲裁还是人事仲裁仍然存在很多问题。文中对事业单位人事纠纷和劳动纠纷的危害及产生的问题根源进行较为深刻的剖析,针对事业单位的性质以及与企业的区别,提出了事业单位所适用的相关法律及相关建议。     

Are Scottish firms meeting the ICT challenge? Results from a National Survey of Enterprise

This paper examines the diffusion of Information Communication Technology (ICT) into firms in Scotland and northern England. Data concerning the adoption of micro-computers, e-mail, the Internet, ISDN, in-house website, and the automation of business functions is analysed by industry, firm size, firm age, rate of growth, export involvement, and innovation activity. The results from a sample of 1347 firms found an overall increase in the adoption of ICT in firms between 1998 and 2001. The increase is led by older and larger firms in comparison to younger and smaller firms. In addition, the diffusion of the automation of business functions was found to be sequential, from generic to specific applications. Further increases in the diffusion of ICT are likely to come from upgrading existing equipment and increases in the range of business functions that can be automated. Finally, although use of the Internet and web-based trading has increased in the sample firms, this has not replaced traditional marketing and sales. The results support the view that more firms are taking up the challenge of using ICT in-house, with older and larger firms leading the way ahead of younger and smaller firms.     

Outsourcing a satisfied and committed workforce: a trucking industry case study

The steady growth of R&;D costs and the increasingly widespread dissemination of information and communication technology over the past decade have resulted in the affirmation of the paradigm of open innovation, which consists in the continual expansion of access to sources of technological innovation outside the firm itself. Industrial companies are, in fact, turning more frequently to collaboration with university departments and other public and private research centers, and there is a notable increase in agreements regarding technological cooperation and the exchange of know-how between companies. In addition, recourse to highly specialized small research companies is on the rise. This is common, for example in the pharmaceutical sector and, more generally, in the area of biotechnological research. Furthermore, we are witnessing the development of the new role of innovation broker. These factors alter the traditional profile of company R&;D structures, within which the role of researchers and technologists often changes. In particular, matrix and network organizational models are on the increase, and the professional figures of ‘integrators of knowledge and expertise’ (T-men) are assuming major importance at the expense of traditional scientists. As a consequence, the model for training and managing scientific personnel tends to change. This model, as it moves away from the prevailing pattern adopted by firms in Anglophone countries, is continually drawing closer, even from a cultural standpoint, to the R&;D management approach found in the Japanese and German companies. The aim of this article is to investigate how the adoption of open innovation has changed the organizational structures of R&;D and altered the methods used in managing its personnel. The results of the study are based on the analysis of four case studies of Italian multinational firms operating in the pharmaceutical, food, specialty chemical, and aerospace industries.     

施工总承包企业特级资质标准是与非

《施工总承包企业特级资质标准》即将实施,该标准突出了企业资质能力、人员素质和科技进步等方面的要求,对国内建筑企业发展起到引领战略转型和推动科技进步的积极作用。然而其科学性、规范性和标准性还有待商榷和探讨,其在营业税、年授信额度、财务负责人、注册一级建造师、甲级设计人才、科技等方面的要求存在缺陷。但不论该标准是与非,其实施体现了国家对建筑施工企业发展的新要求,指明了新方向,要求企业必须实现战略转型,在成本领先、差异化和专业化上下苦功,创造独特的、有利的企业经营管理模式,建立企业长期竞争优势,以获得持续发展的＂令牌＂。笔者就此进行深入思考并提出见解。