从银行避险的角度看助学贷款的思路与对策

高等教育作为非义务教育,学生接受高等教育缴纳学费已逐渐被社会普遍理解和接受,随着我国高等教育大众化进程的逐步推进和学费的逐年提高,面对新形势下高等学校经济困难的学生群体,为了实现"绝不让一个中榜生因家庭贫困上不了大学"的目标,除了制定合理的收费标准外,还建立了以国家助学贷款为主体,奖学金、勤工助学、特困生补助、学费减免为主要内容的多元化资助体系.其中覆盖面最广、最有效的、资助力度最大的是国家助学贷款.然而,商业银行为了规避风险,对助学贷款采取消极措施.因此,高校要认真研究解决国家助学贷款问题,以期提高贷款质量,真正受惠于广大贫困学生.     

市场经济条件下学费定价理论与方法的系统研究——评《学费定价研究》

最近,由经济科学出版社出版的伍海泉教授的专著《学费定价研究:理论、方法与改革》一书对学费定价理论与方法研究进行了有益的尝试,也有较大的创新。该书以问题为导问,通过对现有学费定价的理论、方法以及对中西方学费定价经验的总结,重点研究了我国市场经济条件下高等教育学费定价的理论、方法、机制与制度等问题。这本书的特点与创新在于:1.综合分析了市场经济条件下政府机制和市场机制对学费的共同影响以及两种机制对学费定价的耦合作用。与现有类似研究成果单纯从市场或政府机制研究相比,本书得出了学费定价是市场失灵下     

高校学生资助问题研究

我国高校在上个世纪90年代中期实行收费政策以来,学费快速增加,已经超出了相当一部分人的承受能力。国家制定出一系列资助贫困生制度,为的是“决不让一个学生因经济困难而辍学”。大学学费、成本和资助成为民众关心、舆论关注的热点问题。     

我国对贫困学生的资助政策方面的研究分析

我国对家庭经济困难生资助政策的制定,是为了解其上学难的问题,尽可能促进高等教育的公平性。我国出台的资助政策根本上满足推动教育公平的目的,许多家庭经济困难的学生也因此得到资助。本文从个人能力、家庭社会经济背景和学费水平等方面分析了影响高中学生资助的主要因素。     

高校培养成本核算与学费定价研究——以广西5所高校为例

我国高校是典型的以培养成本为基础定价学费,并明确制定成本分担比例的国家。本文构建了“培养成本分担模式”学费定价机制实施路径的三个假设,并在这三个假设基础上以广西5所高校为例研究培养成本核算和学费定价问题。     

对民族地区财政转移支付方式的探讨

转移支付制度，即政府问财政转移支付制度，就是以各级政府之间所存在的财政能力差异为基础，以实现各地公共服务水平的均等化为主旨，而实行的一种财政资金转移或财政平衡制度。     

对我国实行横向转移支付制度的思考

单一的纵向转移支付模式存在效率缺陷,横向转移支付是解决地区间财力的不平衡、实现财政均等化的有效手段。因此,必须改变现有一些转移支付项目,建立以纵向为主,纵横结合的转移支付制度。本文主要就我国转移支付方式的缺陷及如何建立横向转移支付制度做了分析、归纳、探讨。     

我国高校贫困生资助问题初探

随着我国高等教育体制改革的深入实施,尤其是实行招生并轨、学费制度改革以来,高校贫困生现象日益突出,并呈逐年上升趋势.为了帮助高校贫困学生走出困境,国家出台了一系列相关资助政策,包括国家奖学金、国家助学贷款、勤工助学、特殊困难补助、减免学费以及绿色通道等政策.这些政策在一定程度上确实解决了一些问题,但是在实施过程中,也出现了不少问题.要切实解决高校贫困生问题,政府、学校和社会要共同参与,多方位、多层次地实施救助扶贫工作.     

完善大学学费价格体系实现更大教育公平

合理的学费价格体系可以有效配置教育资源，增强大学活力。针对目前学费价格体系出现的问题，提出“以政府调控、大学自主定价、社会监督服务为一体的、有限制的弹性价格体系”的改革思路，以实现更大的教育公平。     

美国高等教育学费政策的变迁与影响

美国的高等教育学费政策是一种典型的高学费高资助类型.1995年以前,美国高等教育学费政策的制定总体上以成本分担理论为基础.1995年,华盛顿州放弃将学费与生均教育成本挂钩的政策,开始通过立法方式设定学费.从目前来看,学生资助的增长基本能与学费标准的增长保持一致.政府预算的减少和高等教育成本的上升,是美国高等教育学费增长的主要原因.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.