小步慢走还是大步快跑——行业经验对中国企业海外投资步伐的影响

海外投资步伐选择是中国企业国际化进程中的一个关键性抉择.本文以2000-2010年中国的沪市上市公司为研究样本,分析了三种行业经验,即自身子公司行业经验、其他母公司行业经验和其他子公司行业经验对中国企业海外投资步伐的影响.研究结果表明:自身子公司行业经验对中国企业海外投资步伐有示范效应;其他母公司行业经验和其他子公司行业经验对中国企业海外投资步伐有竞争效应;并且,其他母公司行业经验和其他子公司行业经验的竞争效应对自身子公司行业经验的示范效应有负向的调节作用;此外,进一步的研究发现,企业控制中的母公司控制对自身子公司行业经验的示范效应有正向的调节作用;企业规模对自身子公司行业经验的示范效应有负向的调节作用.最后,关于行业划分的研究还发现,对于制造业和服务业而言,行业经验对中国企业海外投资步伐的影响存在差异.上述发现对于今后中国企业的海外投资步伐选择有着重要的启示和意义.     

家族企业社会责任与企业绩效:内部能力与外部关系的调节效应

文章利用浙江和重庆两地351家家族企业调查数据,在将家族企业社会责任区分为内部人责任、外部人责任和公共责任的基础上,实证检验了家族企业社会责任与企业绩效关系及内部能力和外部关系的调节效应.结果显示:第一,高内部能力(制造能力、吸收能力)家族企业内部人责任对绩效的影响更大;高吸收能力家族企业公共责任对绩效的影响更小;具有丰富外部关系(高密度、大范围关系网络)家族企业外部人责任对绩效的影响更大.第二,高内部能力家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的正向影响,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响.低吸收能力家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的负向影响;具有低密度关系网络家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的正向影响,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响;具有大范围关系网络家族企业中,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响.     

CEO绿色经历、环境不确定性与绿色创新

利用中国A股上市公司2012—2021年的样本数据实证考察CEO绿色经历对企业绿色创新的影响,并基于环境不确定性视角,探究CEO绿色经历对企业绿色创新影响的调节效应。研究结果表明：CEO绿色经历有利于促进企业绿色创新质量和绿色创新数量,环境不确定性对CEO绿色经历与绿色创新质量的正向关系具有负向调节作用,环境不确定性对CEO绿色经历与绿色创新数量之间的正向关系也具有负向调节作用。进一步研究发现,这种调节作用在非重污染企业和非国有企业更显著。该研究结论为我国企业合理聘用CEO以促进企业绿色创新提供有益启示。     

家族企业组合创业对企业创新投入的影响研究

组合创业与家族企业持续成长有着各种复杂关系，创新是推动企业可持续发展的关键力量，组合创业战略选择对于家族企业的创新投入具有一定的影响。由于企业所拥有的资源不同以及自身所处的市场环境的优劣，组合创业对企业创新投入带来的影响各不相同。本研究以340个已经进入二代传承的家族企业为研究对象，选取2015—2020年数据，考察二代继承人的学历在企业组合创业中的可能的调节作用。     

家族企业代际传承及二代推动战略转型的绩效研究

本文将家族企业代际传承分为参与管理、共同管理和接收管理三个阶段,探究了处于不同阶段家族企业的绩效情况以及二代推动的家族企业战略转型对企业绩效的影响。利用2010－2012年我国A股主板上市公司中家族企业的样本展开实证研究,得出如下结论：二代进入家族企业高管,参与家族企业的日常经营和战略决策,或者与一代共同管理家族企业,对企业业绩产生正面影响;由于样本数量较少的客观原因,接收管理后企业绩效的经济后果关系未能得到证实;二代推动的战略转型对共同管理和企业绩效的关系起反向调节作用,在代际传承的共同管理阶段实施战略转型会降低原有真实绩效。     

双方机会主义对供应商关系满意度的影响—兼论供应商双向沟通感知的调节作用

本文从供应商和经销商机会主义的角度来研究其对供应商关系满意度的影响,并将供应商双向沟通感知作为调节变量,通过对全国多家企业进行问卷调查,并用spss19.0进行回归分析,得到以下结论:第一,经销商机会主义对供应商关系满意度有负向影响作用;第二,供应商机会主义对供应商关系满意度有正向影响作用;第三,供应商双向沟通感知在经销商机会主义和关系满意度之间有负向调节作用;第四,供应商双向沟通感知在供应商机会主义和关系满意度之间有负向调节作用;第五,供应商沟通感知对供应商关系满意度有正向影响作用。     

利益相关者需求有助于企业开展社会责任战略吗？--一项三维交互研究

本文通过探讨利益相关者需求对企业社会责任战略的作用机制,分析管理者道德动机和道德滑坡对二者关系的调节效应,对企业实施社会责任战略的机理进行系统性论证。研究结果表明：利益相关者需求对企业社会责任战略具有正向的推动作用;道德动机和道德滑坡对利益相关者需求与企业社会责任战略的关系具有正向调节效应,道德滑坡的程度负向影响管理者道德动机对利益相关者需求与企业社会责任战略关系的正向调节作用。     

数字基础设施建设、二代涉入与家族企业绿色创新——以“宽带中国”战略为准自然实验

双循环的新发展格局下,“宽带中国”战略作为重要的数字基础设施实施方案,在二代涉入的情境下,通过产业结构升级对家族企业绿色创新产生重要影响。研究发现,数字基础设施建设促进了家族企业绿色创新。数字基础设施建设通过产业结构合理化与高级化来促进家族企业绿色创新。同时二代涉入正向调节产业结构合理化与家族企业绿色创新之间的关系,负向调节产业结构高级化与家族企业绿色创新之间的关系。进一步分析发现,数字基础设施建设对家族企业绿色创新的促进效果在全面引领型省份、二代实际控制的家族企业中更显著,最终改善了地区环境绩效。文章结论将有助于家族企业的基业长青与可持续发展,为我国在全球数字化浪潮下实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标提供重要的政策启示。     

实际控制人性质、高管薪酬差距与企业研发投入

文章选取2016—2020在沪市A股上市的560家上市公司作为研究样本，引入调节变量实际控制人性质，运用多元回归分析法探讨高管薪酬差距对企业研发投入的影响。研究发现：高管薪酬差距显著负向影响企业研发投入；与非国有控股企业相比，国有控股企业弱化了高管薪酬差距对企业研发投入的负向影响；与地方政府控股企业相比，中央政府控股企业中高管薪酬差距与企业研发投入的负向关系明显减弱。进一步研究发现，市、县级政府控股企业弱化高管薪酬差距与企业研发投入负向关系的强度最大，中央政府控股企业次之，省级政府控股企业居后。     

商店忠诚、自有品牌态度及其购买意向的关系研究——消费者交易倾向和产品社会可见性的调节作用

文章探讨商店忠诚、自有品牌知识对自有品牌态度的影响,以及自有品牌态度对购买意向的影响,并考察消费者交易倾向和产品社会可见性对上述关系的调节作用。研究发现,自有品牌知识和商店忠诚对自有品牌态度都有正面作用,交易倾向正向调节自有品牌知识对自有品牌态度的影响,负向调节商店忠诚对自有品牌态度的影响;自有品牌态度对自有品牌购买意向有正面作用,产品的社会可见性负向调节这种影响作用,质量易评估性的调节作用缺乏显著性。     

The influence of ownership structure and board strategic involvement on international sales: The moderating effect of family involvement

This paper contributes to the family business and the international business literature by analysing whether and to what extent different compositions of the ownership structure and degrees of board strategic involvement impact on the level of international sales of family and non-family businesses. Our main hypotheses are tested on a sample of 342 Norwegian firms via regression analysis. The results from this study show the existence, in both in family and non-family businesses, of a positive and significant relationship between foreign investors’ ownership and the level of international sales. Furthermore, the relationship between CEO ownership impacts negatively on international sales in both family and non-family businesses. While board strategic involvement contributes positively to international sales in non-family businesses it becomes not significant when we only look at family businesses. Implications for theory and practice and future research directions are discussed.     

Strategic Goals and Practices of Innovative Family Businesses

A profile of 231 Washington state family businesses is presented. This article focuses on the business strategies of these firms, analyzing the relationship between strategy, performance, and business practices. Firms categorized as Prospector firms reported more gains in their current market position than all other strategic types. These firms were more likely to value an effective management and employee team and to develop new quality products and services and career development plans for non-family employees. Implications for family businesses are discussed.     

Hindering or enabling structural social capital to enhance buyer performance? The role of relational social capital at two levels in China

Purpose: In its cognitive, relational, and structural forms, social capital has been identi?ed as a powerful strategic tool. However, prior empirical studies focus only on the direct effect of various dimensions of social capital and address relational social capital at either a dyadic level or a network level. Drawing on the social capital theory and social network theory, this study fills the above-mentioned gaps by examining the role of structural and relational social capital on performance through exploring direct and interaction effects simultaneously and revealing the moderating effect of relational social capital at the dyadic and network levels (including business ties and political ties) simultaneously.

Methodology/Approach: Based on data for 393 distributors from China, a moderated regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings: The empirical test generally supports the hypotheses and indicates that the value of structural social capital is conditional on both curvilinear and linear moderating effects of relational social capital: the moderating effects of business ties on the structural social capital–buyer performance relationship is inverted U-shaped, while the moderating effects of relational social capital at the dyadic level and political ties on the structural social capital–buyer performance relationship is positive.

Research Implications: This study incorporates all three dimensions of social capital, represents one of the first attempts to examine the interplay between structural and relational social capital in emerging economies, explores relational social capital at the dyadic and network levels simultaneously, and responses to the fact that buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs) are embedded within a larger context of social networks. By addressing these issues, this study sheds new light on the individual and joint impact of various dimensions of social capital and provides new evidence on both the positive and negative aspects of social capital in a single model.

Practical Implications: The results provide important implications for managers in addressing social capital in an emerging economy. In order to improve performance, managers should first encourage and foster frequent, diverse, scarce, and high-quality information exchange and interactions to accumulate structural social capital. Additionally, managers should not only emphasize relational social capital building and development in BSRs, but also pay attention to the cultivation of relational social capital among the business network. They should acknowledge the persistent positive effect of political ties and the potential negative effect of business ties.

Originality/Value/Contribution: First, few studies examine both the individual and synergetic effects of various dimensions of social capital in a single model or explicitly explore relational social capital in a dyadic relationship and deeply consider it at the network level in a single model. This study addresses these issues.     

基于组织环境的中小企业人力资源管理行为实证研究

组织环境因素对企业人力资源管理行为的选择有着十分重要的影响,但现有的这方面理论基本上是来自于对管理比较规范的大企业的经验研究。本文以181家中小企业为样本,分析了企业规模、企业战略、与大企业的联盟关系等三个组织环境因素对中小企业人力资源管理行为的影响。研究结果表明:企业战略、与大企业的联盟关系对我国中小企业人力资源管理行为的选择影响显著,而企业规模对中小企业人力资源管理行为影响较小。     

非工作时间通信技术过载对员工不道德亲家庭行为的影响机制研究

依据认知失调理论和角色理论，基于320名企业员工两个时点的纵向调研数据，探究了非工作时间通信技术过载通过工作—家庭内疚感诱发员工不道德亲家庭行为的机制，厘清了家庭支持型主管行为和员工角色道德在上述关系中所起到的调节作用。研究结果表明，非工作时间通信技术过载通过工作—家庭内疚感对员工不道德亲家庭行为产生正向影响；家庭支持型主管行为和员工角色道德均在工作—家庭内疚感与不道德亲家庭行为的关系间起负向调节作用；家庭支持型主管行为通过员工角色道德的中介作用间接负向调节工作—家庭内疚感对不道德亲家庭行为的影响。这些结论既是对不道德亲家庭行为研究领域的拓展，同时也为组织抑制员工不道德亲家庭行为提供了有益的指导。     

Value creation in privately held family businesses: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth

This article examines value creation (VC) in the context of privately held family businesses using a value-based management approach. Namely, this paper assesses the influence of five value drivers (operating profit margin, sales growth, income tax rate, investment rate, and leverage) on the VC of family firms, considering the moderating effect of socioemotional wealth (SEW). Evidence from a sample of 188 Spanish family firms indicates a positive moderating effect of SEW on the relationship between operating profit margin, sales growth, and investment rate, and VC, leading to increases in the value of firms. The results emphasize that the importance of SEW and its variations imply heterogeneous strategic behaviours among family firms, and that economic and emotional goals might be compatible.     

Correlates of success in family business transitions

Fundamental differences are identified between the nature and functioning of family-owned and -managed businesses and those that are not familu-controlled. These differences include the time horizons of management, the implications of business failure, the degree of job security, the centralization of decision-making, accountability for decision-making, and the impact of the family system on the business system, among others. It is argued that the most significant of these differences concerns the way in which executive succession occurs, and specifically, unique aspects of the process of intergenerational transfer within family-owned businesses.Based on an initial round of interviews with second- and third-generation family business owners, and a detailed review of the extant literature, a model is proposed consisting of three sets of determinants of successful family business transitions: the preparation level of the heirs, the nature of relationships among family members, and the types of planning and control activities engaged in by the management of the family business. Successful transitions are further hypothesized to influence subsequent company performance.Much of the research to date on family business transitions has tended to be qualitative, case-oriented, and/or anecdotal in nature. The result has been a number of rich insights into the complexities and dynamics of the family enterprise, but limited in terms of the generalizability of the findings. Considerably less attention has been devoted to quantitative studies that employ larger samples and provide empirical tests of relationships between key variables. This lack of attention is traced to inherent measurement difficulties in the family business field, and to the relatively young status of the field itself as a distinct area receiving academic attention. The current study attempts to bridge this gap.The study provides a quantitative assessment of the proposed model using two cross-sectional sub-samples consisting of 209 second- and third-generation family-owned businesses. Both regression and structural equations (LISREL) analyses are employed. The results indicate support for the proposed model. Family business transitions do occur more smoothly when heirs are better prepared, when relationships among family members are more trust-based and affable, and when family businesses engage in more planning for taxation and wealth-transfer purposes. Of these factors, relationships within the family has the single greatest impact on successful transitions. At the same time, smoother transitions do not necessarily result in better post-transition performance by the enterprise. This linkage to performance appears to be more complex. One possibility is that some level of conflict or strife is a prerequisite for the transition to have a significant impact on subsequent performance.Based on these results, family business owners are encouraged to devote relatively more attention to relationship issues, and relatively less to estate and tax planning. It is suggested that a “relationship charter” be developed as a vehicle for strategically managing relationships within the family, much as relationships must be managed with suppliers or customers. Suggestions are also made for further research, and the study's limitations are denoted. Researchers are encouraged to devote efforts to exploring relationships among the exogenous variables in the research model, such as that between preparation levels of heirs and family relationships. Further, the issue of success and failure in second- and third-generation businesses warrants greater attention, including identification of key failure and success factors as well as determination of differences in failure rates for family— versus non-family—owned businesses and isolation of the reasons for such differences.     

Objective quality and business performance in service environments: moderating effects of entrepreneurs' knowledge and involvement

This study considers two main research issues: the relationship between objective quality and business performance and the moderating role of an entrepreneur's knowledge (education and experience) and involvement (exclusiveness in professional dedication) in that relationship. A sample of 103 rural tourism entrepreneurs in Spain serves as the study setting. Results indicate the positive influence of an establishment's quality on performance. Moreover, both knowledge and involvement have direct effects on performance, but involvement influences performance to a greater extent and even reaches profits. Positive moderating effects of experience and exclusiveness also emerge, as does an unexpected negative moderating effect of education.     

Financial intermingling in small family businesses

This study examines financial intermingling in small family businesses. We define a family business as one in which at least two family members work and the business is owned and managed by one of the family members. This study compares the determinants of intermingling in family and non-family businesses. The empirical results show that family businesses are not significantly different from non-family businesses in terms of intermingling once other business and household characteristics are controlled for. For both family and non-family businesses, differences in financial intermingling are primarily characterized by differences in business characteristics and household net worth. We conclude that intermingling of household and business financial resources are probably more influenced by business characteristics and household net worth than by other household characteristics or whether a business is a family business.