基于成本约束的农产品冷链物流配送路径优化研究

借助冷链物流配送,农产品始终处于低温条件下,其品质有所保障,降低变质的可能性,居民的食品安全能够有所保障。但在安全的前提下,怎么来降低物流成本,提升物流速度成为冷链物流企业发展中需要解决的重要问题。本文从农产品冷链物流的重要性入手,对农产品冷链物流成本情况展开分析,总结出其当前存在的问题,并有针对性的提出优化农产品冷链物流路径的相关策略。     

平远县脐橙冷链物流的现状与对策研究

冷链物流对保障农产品质量安全具有重要作用,本文在分析平远县脐橙产业的现存状况及冷链物流存在的种种问题的基础上,提出了相应的措施,建议政府加大对冷链物流基础设施的投入、推广冷链技术、发展第三方冷链物流、推行衣超对接等。     

我国生鲜农产品冷链物流发展问题研究

冷链物流与食品安全紧密相关。加强生鲜农产品从源头采摘、流通、加工到销售的全程冷链物流管理,升级农产品冷链物流温控设施,已成为社会关注的热点。文章结合生鲜农产品的特点、生鲜农产品物流的特殊性,分析了我国目前生鲜农产品冷链物流发展过程中存在的冷链流通率偏低、人才紧缺和冷链专业化程度不高等问题,提出做好生鲜农产品"最先一公里"、完善冷链物流基础设施、培养专业化人才以及大力发展我国第三方冷链物流企业是提高我国生鲜农产品冷链物流效率,降低成本的主要途径。     

海南农产品冷链物流发展对策研究

海南省农产品冷链物流的发展存在许多问题,严重影响了农产品的质量安全与品质。本文主要从海南省冷库建设、农产品外销运输、冷链物流发展规划概况以及冷链物流企业发展等方面出发,分析海南省冷链物流存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出一种新型供应链模式,并提出相应的发展对策与建议,以期更好地促进海南省农产品冷链物流发展。     

加快冷链物流发展促进河南农业经济发展研究

随着我国市场经济的发展,人们的经济收入状况不断改善,生活质量不断提升,对食品的多样化、新鲜度和营养价值的要求也越来越高。构建与发展冷链物流能够提高农产品质量,降低营养损失,保障农产品质量,是实现农产品工业化的必要条件,因而加速发展农产品冷链物流对于推动我国农产品工业化具有重要意义。河南作为我国的农业大省,对其进行冷链物流的研究具有重要意义。因此,本文旨在探讨冷链物流对于河南农业经济发展的促进作用,并提出相应的建议。     

基于RFID技术的农产品冷链物流发展现状及方向分析

近年来,人们的消费需求越来越多样化,食品的安全问题也逐渐受到重视,特别是鲜活农产品的质量问题,人们对此提出了更高的要求,对农产品冷链物流的关注度越来越高。虽然我国冷链物流基础设施建设在大体上已取得了可观的成绩,但是现今的冷链运输仍然无法满足人们对新鲜农产品的高消费需求,我国农产品冷链物流供给能力严重不足。本文以目前我国农产品冷链物流的发展现状、存在问题为出发点,结合信息技术在农产品冷链物流中的应用研究,简要地对我国农产品冷链物流进行初步分析,以信息技术为基础,展望我国农产品冷链物流的发展趋势。     

发达国家农产品冷链物流发展情况对我国发展农产品冷链物流的启示

农产品冷链物流是一个国家提升农产品知名度和竞争力的重要技术,也是居民生活的重要保障。但是,目前我国农产品冷链物流发展并不理想。对国外发达国家农产品冷链物流发展情况进行研究,以期为提升我国农产品品牌知名度和冷链物流发展水平提供参考。     

农产品冷链绿色物流发展的影响因素分析

伴随着社会的不断进步,以及经济的快速发展,最近一段时期内,农产品冷链物流在我国普遍引起了关注。特别是对于这一物流形式的质量管理上,甚至成为了衡量国家物流领域的发展水平的重要标准。大力发展农产品冷链物流,对于提高我国农业的产业结构以及国家的现代化建设具有重要意义。本文研究了农产品冷链物流目前在我国的发展状况,以及制约其发展的一些因素,并且积极探讨了农产品冷链物流的质量管理的策略。     

德州农产品冷链物流现状及对策

随着生活水平的提高,人们对农产品的质量、安全要求越来越高。因此,如何发展农产品冷链物流,提高农产品质量就成为近年来的研究热点。本文在分析德州冷链物流现状的基础上,发现其短板所在,并提出相关建议。     

质量安全视角下的鲜活农产品冷链物流研究

当今时代飞速发展,人们的生活品质日益提高,食品的质量和安全显得尤为重要。新鲜蔬菜、水果,鲜活水产品,活的畜禽,新鲜的肉、蛋、奶等鲜活农产品,是人们生活中必不可少的食物,冷链物流可以最大限度地确保当中大多数食品的质量和安全。本文表明了我国鲜活农产品的涵义界定和分类、以及农产品物流涵义,说明了冷链物流的近况和存在的主要弊端,着重解析了我国鲜活农产品冷链物流运作模式的主要结构,对模式选择做出了建设性的建议。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.