The causal,linear and nonlinear nexus between sectoral FDI and infrastructure in Pakistan: Using a new global infrastructure index

This study explores the causal, linear, and nonlinear relationship between sectoral level foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and infrastructure (transport, telecommunication, financial, and energy sectors) of Pakistan. Granger causality and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration; suggest the presence of long-run bidirectional causality between infrastructure and FDI, while the nonlinear ARDL affirms the asymmetries in this connection. Results suggest that sectoral FDI inflows are important to enhance infrastructure in various sectors, both in the short and long-run. As improving infrastructure is vital to attracting FDI, results will be particularly useful to policymakers concerned about emerging markets.     

Do GCC market-oriented labor policies encourage inward FDI flows?

In this paper, we empirically examine the impact of market-oriented labor policies on inward FDI flows to the GCC countries. The paper adopts different estimation methodologies to address endogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. Reliance on professional management reduces inward FDI flows to the UAE while linking pay to productivity reduces inward FDI flows to both Bahrain and the UAE. Trade openness and infrastructure development have a positive influence, while human capital development has a surprisingly negative influence. Evidence, therefore, does not support the view that flexible labor market policies encourage inward FDI flows to GCC countries.     

我国对外贸易的FDI与国内银行信贷促进效应的比较分析

关于对外贸易与FDI之间关系的研究有很多,但对于FDI与国内金融部门特别是国内银行信贷在对外贸易的不同影响这个问题上却很少有人作出比较,而本文就是以这个作为研究主题,尝试解决以下几个问题:改革开放以来我国FDI流入与国内银行信贷对对外贸易的作用有何不同?在不同时期内,两者又具有怎么样的不同关系?等等.     

我国金融发展促进FDI的出口增长效应实证研究

运用我国1991至2010年商品出口额、金融发展和FDI相关的时间序列数据,考察我国金融发展对FDI的出口增长效应的促进作用。实证结果表明：我国金融市场规模的扩大未能促进FDI的出口增长效应,而金融市场效率的提高能促进企业对FDI技术溢出的吸收能力,进而促进出口的增长。建议我国加快提高金融市场的效率,努力发挥政策性金融支持出口的作用。     

Sectoral analysis of foreign direct investment and growth in the developed countries

Empirical studies on foreign direct investment (FDI) and growth in developed countries have yielded conflicting results using cross-country regressions. We use sectoral data for a group of six country members of the OECD. Our paper is the first to identify the sector-specific impact of FDI on growth in the developed countries. Our results show that FDI has positive, or no statistically discernible, effect on economic growth directly and through its interaction with labor. Moreover, we find the effects seem to be very different across countries and economic sectors.     

Productivity Spillovers Through Foreign Transactions: The Role of Sector Composition and Local Conditions

We analyze the roles of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and imports of capital goods as the main drivers of technology diffusion and productivity improvement in a sample of twenty-eight developing economies for the period 1999-2009. We examine changes in the sectoral composition of FDI as well as those local conditions that may facilitate technology adoption. Our results, obtained by the system generalized method of moments estimation method, suggest that the change of FDI from manufacturing to services is productivity enhancing. We also find that those countries with stronger institutions and better social and human development enjoy larger efficiency gains.     

Foreign direct investment,foreign trade and environment: New evidence from simultaneous-equation system of gravity models

Since the early 90s, after the implementation of various regulatory multinational agreements, debates about the impacts of environmental quality on international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have been increased considerably. This article tackles this issue for 14 home countries and 39 host countries for 6 Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) over the period 1990–2011 by using gravity models. We also used simultaneous-equation system of gravity models in order to investigate the two-way linkages between trade and FDI in the presence of environmental degradation. Our main findings suggest that the impact of the environmental degradation on trade is negative and significant only for the static estimation. However, the impact of the environmental degradation on FDI is negative and insignificant for both static and dynamic estimations. The results also show that there exists a unidirectional causal relationship running from trade to FDI.     

The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications

Using novel estimates of sectoral total factor productivities for 72 countries across 5 decades we provide evidence of relative productivity convergence: productivity grew systematically faster in initially relatively less productive sectors. These changes have had a significant impact on trade volumes and patterns, and a non-negligible welfare impact. Had productivity in each country׳s manufacturing sector relative to the US remained the same as in the 1960s, trade volumes would be higher, cross-country export patterns more dissimilar, and intra-industry trade lower than in the data. Relative sectoral productivity convergence – holding average growth fixed – had a modest negative welfare impact.     

Social Trust,Rule of Law,and Economic Exchange: Evidence from China and Its Major Trading Partners

ABSTRACT

Using cross-country panel data and employing the instrumental variable generalized method of moments (GMM) method, this article examines the effect of social trust on economic exchange between China and its major trading partners over the period 2005–2013. Social trust significantly increases bilateral trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) between China and its partners, and this effect is much stronger in nonmember countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) than OECD member countries. Further exploration suggests that the heterogeneity could be explained by the substitution relationship between social trust and the rule of law: social trust matters more in countries where the rule of law is weaker. We also .find that the impact of trust on trade and FDI is weaker in countries that have greater language similarity to China, are adjacent to China, or are common-law-origin countries. Based on these results, in implementing the Belt and Road Initiative, the Chinese government and companies should not only focus on each country’s legal norms but also attach importance to the role of social capital in international economic exchange.     

江苏省FDI与对外贸易的互动分析

本文在分析总结江苏省的外商直接投资及进出口贸易的发展概况基础上,利用1992年-2008年的数据,从两个层面建立计量经济模型来分析江苏省FDI对进、出口对外贸易增长的作用影响,从中证实江苏省FDI对进出口贸易产生了一定的积极作用,但同时也存在着一些问题。     

中国东盟经济周期同步性及传导机制研究

随着区域经济一体化的深入,中国东盟的经济波动出现了一致性的特点。运用HP滤波以及皮尔逊相关系数对中国与东盟经济周期的同步性进行分析,发现中国与东盟经济周期存在同步性,并且这种同步性真正形成于20世纪90年代。进一步对1992—2011年中国与东盟五国面板数据进行实证分析,结果显示贸易强度、产业结构差异性显著增加了中国东盟经济周期的同步性,而双边FDI减弱了经济周期同步性,产业内贸易的影响则不显著。     

区域经济一体化与跨国公司的区位选择:基于国际生产折衷范式的分析

区域经济一体化协定影响跨国公司的区位选择决策,许多发展中国家将吸引FDI作为参与区域经济一体化的主要目标。本文在国际生产折衷理论的分析框架中引入区域经济一体化协定的政策因素,指出一体化协定通过影响成员国的区位优势,促进厂商充分发挥其已有的所有权优势,同时利用区域经济一体化的动态效应来创造新的所有权优势,并将其进行内部化,使一体化国家FDI增加。     

Foreign direct investment and trade: The case of Vietnam

By making use of a gravity model, this paper examines the impact of FDI on exports, imports and net export of Vietnam. The empirical analysis presented in this paper is based on a recently released panel dataset involving Vietnam's 19 major trading partners for the period 1990-2007. The paper also considers the impact of FDI on trade during three sub-periods: the pre-Asian financial crisis, the post-Asian financial crisis and during the Asian financial crisis period. The empirical analysis reveals that a complementary relationship exists between FDI and exports and FDI and imports. While the impact of FDI on net-exports is insignificant during the full sample period, a significant positive relationship exists between net-exports and FDI in the post-Asian financial crisis period.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Malaysia: Interactions with Human Capital and Financial Deepening

This paper explores the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in economic growth in Malaysia, appropriately controlling for other proximate drivers of economic growth: domestic investment, exports, financial markets, and human capital. Domestic capital formation, FDI, human capital, and financial deepening significantly affect economic growth. FDI has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but its effect is of lesser magnitude than that of domestic investment. Human capital and financial markets interact with FDI and, thus, are important for both short- and long-term growth processes. The results suggest that it is important to encourage domestic as well as foreign investment to put Malaysia back on its precrisis growth path.     

The internationalization of Australian banks

Since the 19th century, Australian banking has seen high inward and some outward flows of FDI. However, from the 1980s, Australian banks greatly expanded the scale of their FDI, their geographic scope and the range of products that they offered. This recent outward flow of FDI was the result of a complex and inter-related set of factors, including a push from a small and crowded Australian market and the pull of foreign wholesale and retail markets, that liberalization of trade and investment in financial services had made accessible. A combination of what Rugman (Inside the Multinationals: The Economics of Internal Markets, 1981, Croom Helm, London and Columbia University Press, New York) calls country-specific advantages (CFAs) and firm-specific advantages (FSAs), strongly influenced the ability of Australian banks to become successful MNBs. As the nature of international banking altered from the 1960s onwards, this overturned earlier forms of internationalization by Australian banks. Now banks had to acquire and absorb new knowledge to be able to operate effectively in new product and geographic markets.     

The impact of tax on foreign direct investment: Empirical evidence and the implications for tax integration schemes

We estimate the impact of taxation on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, using data on flows between seven countries for 1984 through 1989, and a sophisticated measure of the cost of capital. We find that the choice between domestic investment and total outward FDI is not significantly affected by taxation but that taxation does affect the location of outward FDI. These results are used to examine the impact of tax integration systems. Giving a tax credit to foreign shareholders may induce a large increase in inward FDI from exemption countries but not from partial-credit countries. For the United States, the total effect would be small.     

Role of digital finance,investment, and trade in technological progress

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of digital finance, trade, and investment on technological progress in 30 developing Asian economies by employing the FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) technique and annual data from 2000 to 2020. The findings concluded that digital finance has a positive impact on technology progress. Moreover, trade liberalization may accelerate technological progress. Foreign direct investment has no significant coefficient, interpreting that inward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) to the examined developing Asian economies is unrelated to technological progress. The causality test confirmed a neutrality hypothesis for the causal relationship between FDI and technological progress. Furthermore, the bi-directional linkage between trade openness and technological progress is confirmed. The paper recommends that developing economies increase the share of investment in technological progress, prioritization of regionalism and trade multilateralism for technology transfer, and establishment of a “digital financial inclusion” framework.     

汇改前后人民币汇率传递的贸易收支效应——基于各省市面板数据模型的实证分析

本文基于中国31个省市自治区1997-2012年的数据,分东部、中部和西部等样本实证分析了人民币实际有效汇率、GDP、FDI和汇改政策虚拟变量等对进出口影响的地区差异和动态效应,采用GMM分析方法,实证发现人民币实际有效汇率对进出口贸易有一定的影响,FDI和GDP对进出口有促进作用和替代作用,且存在着区域差异,因此建议在逐步进行人民币汇率改革的同时兼顾各地区经济的均衡和可持续发展,控制可能存在的风险。     

基于贝叶斯动态面板数据模型的中国出口贸易地区结构研究

运用贝叶斯动态面板数据模型考量中国出口贸易的地区结构差异性,结果表明:基于Gibbs抽样算法的贝叶斯动态面板回归模型能有效刻画各地区出口竞争力的路径依赖特征;FDI对出口竞争力的影响具有一定的时滞性,而汇率波动对出口竞争力的影响则具有明显的地域差异性。     

跨国企业的规模扩张与东亚经贸关系的紧密化——中国对外贸易增长的国际背景

中国加入WTO后,外贸出口急速增长,有关各方也对中国外贸出口的激增产生了不信任感。中国出口增长的原因,除经济成长、贸易政策等内部因素外,在华跨国企业的生产—出口的增加是引起中国外贸出口增长的重要外部因素。同时,跨国企业的贸易活动促进了外资来源国与贸易伙伴国之间的一致性,进而推动了区域经贸一体化进程。基于中国与主要贸易伙伴—主要外资来源国是互补型的贸易关系,中国的出口增长对于这些国家来说是安全的。