政府行为、金融结构与地区全要素生产率

本文在一定理论分析和相关假设的基础上,利用1997—2010年省级面板数据对政府行为、金融结构和地区全要素生产率之间的关系进行了实证。结果显示：政府不同项目的财政支出和不同金融资产结构．其对全要素生产率的影响存在一定的差异性。在全国以及东、西部地区,政府科技教育相关支出显著地促进了全要素生产率水平的提高,且西部地区的效果最明显;其它财政支出项目并没有很好的发挥其对金要素生产率的积极作用。进一步地,本文利用Malmquist指数法将全要素生产率分解为技术效率指数和技术进步指数,以考察政府行为、金融结构促进全要素生产率的内在路径。     

Financial Development and Total Factor Productivity Growth: Evidence from China

Abstract

In this article, we estimate the effect of China’s regional financial development on total factor productivity (TFP) growth using large provincial panel data for the years 1990 to 2009. Using the nonparametric stochastic frontier data envelopment approach, we analyze how financial development is related to efficiency improvement and technological progress, the two components of TFP. The study shows that Chinese financial development plays a significant role in promoting TFP growth via technological progress rather than efficiency change. The faster the financial development takes place, the better it could correct the mismatch of resource allocation, thus promoting TFP growth. The results imply that China needs to both further optimize the allocation of financial resources and perfect the regional financial system.     

基于Malmquist指数的信托行业全要素生产率测度及收敛性研究

近年来,我国信托业的快速发展不仅体现在管理资产规模的快速扩张上,也体现在经营效率的提升方面。本文基于Malmquist模型,使用2007—2013年51家信托公司经营数据测度了信托业全要素生产率及其收敛性。实证研究表明,样本数据期内我国信托业全要素生产率平均增速为4.6%,主要受到技术效率增长推动,技术进步增速表现不佳。信托业全要素生产率增速的区域特征非常显著,中部地区明显高于西部和东部地区。同时,通过σ检验和绝对β收敛检验发现,我国信托业全要素生产率增速具有显著的收敛性,各地区差距呈现缩小态势,不过行业调整和转型发展可能会打破这种收敛态势。     

中国银行业结构变迁与经济增长的实证研究

何种金融结构更有利于经济增长是一个在理论上存在巨大分歧的问题,中国经济为经验验证金融结构对经济增长的影响提供了一个非常理想的样本。本文以1995～2006年中国29个省级单位的经验数据为样本,采用Difference GMM和System GMM动态面板回归估计方法系统地检验了中国的银行集中度对经济增长及其两个组成部分(TFP增长和资本积累)的影响,得出的主要结论是,中国金融中介整体规模的扩张实际上并未对经济增长贡献更多,在这个环境下,中国当前较高的银行集中度是阻碍了经济增长,这主要表现为较高的银行集中度抑制了劳均资本的积累,其对TFP增长的影响在统计上却是不显著的。     

Firm Internationalization and Capital Structure in Developing Countries: The Role of Financial Development

We investigate the relationship between internationalization and the level of debt financing for more than 18,000 firm/year observations from thirty-one developing countries in the period 1991-2006. We argue that this relationship can be affected by both country-level and firm-level factors. The results show that in developing countries with relatively higher financial development, firm internationalization corresponds with a greater level of debt when firms have more growth opportunities (which also indicate a higher level of asymmetric information). This evidence suggests that relatively developed financial markets in developing countries at least partially mitigate the effect of asymmetric information and decrease the agency cost of debt for firms with higher levels of internationalization.     

社会保障对人力资本及其经济增长的影响——基于中国1989-2008年的数据

伴随我国经济的高速增长,社会保障问题日益凸显。如何完善社会保障制度以更好地促进经济增长成为社会各界关注的重点。在新经济增长理论的影响下,经济学家们开始以人力资本作为中间变量,从社会保障影响人力资本及其形成过程的角度来论证社会保障与经济增长的关系。本文选取中国1989-2008年的数据为研究样本,运用协整理论来检验社会保障、人力资本积累与经济增长之间的关系。结果显示,在现收现付制下,社会保障水平的提高有利于促进人力资本积累,而提高社会保障缴费率对人力资本积累存在正负两种影响。     

人口预期寿命与经济增长关系的研究评述

随着人口经济学理论的发展和OLG模型的不断拓展,关于预期寿命与经济增长关系的理论研究与实证分析逐渐深入。由于研究视角、理论模型以及样本数据等方面的不同,学者们关于两者关系的观点存在较大差异。本文梳理了部分国外当前主要相关文献,认为目前关于预期寿命作用于经济增长的观点可以归纳为:人口预期寿命上升提高人力资本回报率和储蓄率,进而促进经济增长;人口预期寿命上升将导致人口增长,进而降低人均GDP增长;人口预期寿命与经济增长存在非线性关系,非线性特征取决于人口结构转型、初始预期寿命等因素。     

Productivity Spillovers Through Foreign Transactions: The Role of Sector Composition and Local Conditions

We analyze the roles of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and imports of capital goods as the main drivers of technology diffusion and productivity improvement in a sample of twenty-eight developing economies for the period 1999-2009. We examine changes in the sectoral composition of FDI as well as those local conditions that may facilitate technology adoption. Our results, obtained by the system generalized method of moments estimation method, suggest that the change of FDI from manufacturing to services is productivity enhancing. We also find that those countries with stronger institutions and better social and human development enjoy larger efficiency gains.     

Conservatism, Growth and the Role of Accounting Numbers in the Fundamental Analysis Process

I evaluate the effects of conservative accounting for research and development (R&D) and past growth in R&D on: (1) the relation between aggregate earnings (deflated by price) and contemporaneous stock return, and (2) the association between estimates of value derived from the residual income valuation model (i.e., RIV estimates) and equity market value. I show that the conservative treatment of R&D affects the earnings/return relation only for firms that experience high growth in R&D during the return interval of interest. I also demonstrate that the effect of conservative accounting for R&D on the association between RIV estimates and equity market values is increasing in past growth in R&D.This revised version was published online in August 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Discussion of “Conservatism, Growth and the Role of Accounting Numbers in Fundamental Analysis Process”

This paper discusses Monahan’s empirical study of how conservative accounting of R&D affects the relations (i) between earnings and stock return; (ii) between estimates of value using the residual income valuation model and equity market value. My discussion focuses on the underlying mechanism of why growth matters and how the growth rate should be measured. In particular, I argue that different aspects of growth (e.g., short-term growth versus long-term growth) matter under different circumstances, depending on the intended use of accounting data. Failure to adjust for these differences affects the effectiveness of the empirical tests. The discussion also considers the impacts of potential noise in the R&D capitalization procedure and the presence of other intangible assets.This revised version was published online in August 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Inequality, Crime and Economic Growth. A Classical Argument for Distributional Equality

This paper studies the dynamic general-equilibrium interactions between inequality, crime and economic growth by embedding the rational choice-theoretical approach to criminal behavior in a heterogeneous-agents endogenous-growth OLG model. Based on their respective opportunity costs, individuals choose to specialize in either legal or criminal activities. While legal households contribute to aggregate goods supply over time by either working or building human capital, criminals make a living by expropriating legal citizens of part of the latter's income. An increase in inequality lowers the economy's growth rate and possesses negative welfare effects for all agents with endowments equal to or above average and for agents with endowment below average that are born sufficiently far in the future.     

服务业全要素生产率研究——基于丝绸之路经济带数据

基于考虑人力资本的非参数 Malmquist 指数法,测算中国丝绸之路经济带沿线九省市2003~2012年服务业全要素生产率(TFP )变动情况,从技术进步与技术效率两方面考量服务业 TFP 。结果发现,丝绸之路沿线九省市服务业 TFP 的增长主要源于技术进步的贡献,而技术效率却在恶化,同时人力资本对技术进步和技术效率均具有正向贡献。结果表明：交通基础设施、对外开放和财政金融支持都对服务业TFP 的增长具有显著正向促进作用。鉴此,应强化交通基础设施建设,实现道路互通;深化对外开放,推动贸易畅通;增强财政金融支持力度,推进货币流通。     

FDI与全要素生产率增长：金融发展门槛效应检验

本文基于中国大陆1995-2009年省级面板数据,实证检验了外商直接投资对全要素生产率增长的促进作用是否依赖于金融发展水平的问题。结果发现：只有当金融发展水平越过门槛值之后,外商直接投资才会产生显著的全要素生产率增长效应;目前中国金融发展水平尚未进入这一阶段,而且本身也不足以对全要素生产率增长产生积极的贡献。     

基于金融发展水平的证券市场开放对经济增长的影响

本文在索洛—斯旺框架下构建了一个分析证券市场开放对经济增长影响的理论模型,模型显示:金融开放后的经济收敛速度要大于封闭时的经济收敛速度,金融发展水平会促进金融开放带来的经济增长效应。通过金砖国家的数据对理论模型的结论进行实证检验显示:用名义的AREAER指标、实际的EW指标和资本流动指标度量的证券市场开放度的系数均显著为正,说明证券市场开放有利于经济增长;证券市场发展水平会促进该经济增长效应,而银行业发展水平对该经济增长效应的影响不显著。     

我国科研投入与经济增长之间关联性分析

现代经济增长理论十分关注技术进步与经济增长之间的关系,技术进步被认为是经济增长的一个重要源泉,对知识生产部门的投入能够增加知识产出,并最终影响实际经济。但我们利用Granger影响关系检验发现,我国的科研投入与经济增长率不存在显著的Granger影响,相反,经济增长率对科研投入增量具有显著的Granger影响。这说明目前我国科研投入与实际经济之间的传导机制上存在严重的阻滞。因此,加大科研成果向现实经济的转化应该是我国一项较为长期的重要任务。     

The Dynamic Effects of Public Capital: VAR Evidence for 22 OECD Countries

The issue of whether public capital is productive has received a great deal of recent attention. Yet, empirical analyses of public capital productivity have been limited to a small sample of countries for which official capital stock estimates are available. Building on a new database that provides internationally comparable capital stock estimates, this paper estimates the dynamic effects of public capital using the vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology for a large set of OECD countries. The empirical results suggest that there is evidence for positive output effects of public capital in OECD countries, but hardly any evidence for positive employment effects.JEL Code: C32, E62, H54     

经济因素在税收增长中贡献作用的估算:1997～2005

经济因素在税收增长中贡献作用的实证研究,是分析税收高增长问题的重要突破口。在实际估算中,首先,在深入分析GDP与税基对应性的基础上,界定了经济因素的内涵及其与税收增长的关联性;其次,结合相关的数据资料,确定了相应的分析步骤和估算方法;最后,计算得到了主要经济因素在1997～2005年期间对于税收增长影响作用的实证结果。     

广西旅游业结构变迁中的生产率增长效应分析

利用偏离-份额法,以＂结构红利假说＂的角度分析了广西各市旅游业的产业结构生产率增长效应,以解释各市旅游业发展的动力来源和影响。研究表明,旅游业的产业结构变迁对广西各市的劳动生产率均有积极作用,主要通过内部增长效应体现。对大多数城市结构变迁有利于旅游业劳动生产率的提升,但是另一部分城市出现了＂结构负利＂的情况。     

The Impact of Public Expenditures on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Central and Eastern European Countries

This study tests the importance of various categories of public expenditure, the functional structure, and growth in the gross domestic product (GDP), using an autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) model. We document and study the correlation between real GDP growth and 10 different categories of public expenditure, according to their functional classification, using quarterly data for the period 1995–2015, for 10 selected Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union. The results of our study, like most recent literature, show that expenditures on education and health care have a positive impact on the economy, while expenditures on defense, economic affairs, general public services, and social welfare have a negative impact.