“9·11”以来的国际反恐：成果与挑战

作为21世纪初的重大历史事件,＂9.11＂对国际安全乃至人类社会进程的影响都是巨大的。对＂9.11＂以来10年间的国际反恐进行总结和反思,预测未来国际反恐的发展趋势,对中国和世界无疑具有重要的现实意义。     

新世纪美国的对外援助及其管理

21世纪初,在经历9.11和反恐战争以后,美国将国家安全作为未来发展援助的战略核心,加强了对发展援助工作的重视,并将其视为国家外部政策的三大支柱之一。在政府机构和公民社会团体的共同参与下,在结果导向型绩效管理下,美国对外援助的有效性有所提高。本文通过分析美国对外援助的战略和政策、总量及分配、组织与管理等,研究了美国作为世界最大的援助国家进入新世纪以后对外援助及其管理的特点。     

新世纪美国的对外援助及其管理北大核心CSSCISSCI

21世纪初,在经历"9.11"和"反恐战争"以后,美国将"国家安全"作为未来发展援助的战略核心,加强了对发展援助工作的重视,并将其视为国家外部政策的三大支柱之一。在政府机构和公民社会团体的共同参与下,在结果导向型绩效管理下,美国对外援助的有效性有所提高。本文通过分析美国对外援助的战略和政策、总量及分配、组织与管理等,研究了美国作为世界最大的援助国家进入新世纪以后对外援助及其管理的特点。     

利率对经济的刺激作用

“9.11事件”的爆发使以美国为龙头的西方发达国家的经济陷入衰退,导致全球经济恢复期延长,以美国为首的主要国家货币利率纷纷下调,从而给人民币带来了一定的压力,加上今年以来国内工业增长出现了回落态势,需要加强刺激内需的     

论俄罗斯《反恐怖主义法》

苏联解体以后,俄罗斯一直饱受恐怖主义的伤害,＂是当今世界上遭受恐怖主义袭击最频繁的国家＂。1恐怖主义造成的伤痕同时也促使俄罗斯不断探索反恐出路。迄今为止,俄罗斯已经通过了两部反恐法,并结合实际需要进行了若干次修订。这种将反恐法作为国家安全战略、国家反恐构想与具体调整反恐法律关系的刑法典、刑诉法典、行政法典及其他规范性法律文件衔接和中介的立法模式,以及反恐法中对反恐基本原则、恐怖主义定义、国家反恐机构体系、恐怖主义犯罪范围等反恐基本问题的规定,都对我国的反恐立法实践具有很好的借鉴意义。     

美国《生物盾计划》

"9·11"后,反恐、保卫本土安全成为美国国家政策的优先考虑,美国国家科技计划紧紧围绕布什政府的反恐战略作出一系列重大调整,反恐和本土安全领域的研究开发得到特别的加强.在反恐科研计划中,<生物盾计划>最为引人注目.布什强调,预防生物恐怖威胁最重要的工作是执行<生物盾计划>.该计划为期10年,耗资56亿美元,核心是尽快开发应对生物恐怖袭击所需的下一代药物、疫苗、设备,建立国家战略储备,当遭受生物、化学、放射性恐怖袭击时,能保障迅速向全国提供安全、有效、数量足够的药物、疫苗和医疗设备.     

2001年国际财经十大新闻

一、“9.11”事件重创美国及全球经济。9月11日,美国纽约、华盛顿部分地区遭恐怖袭击,美国纳斯达克市场、纽约证交所及美国交易所均宣布休市,全球其他主要市场出现剧烈震荡。“9.11”事件大大加快了美国经济衰退的速度,并对全球经济的走势产生了重大影响。二、经过15年的艰苦谈判,中国终于正式加入世贸组织。在多哈举行的第四届WTO部长级会议于11月10日     

突发事件对中国股市的影响——以"9.11"事件为例

一、引言 "9.11"事件对美国乃至世界经济造成了重要影响,从短期看,"9.11"事件使已经疲软不振的美国经济陷入衰退,对增长乏力的世界经济造成了冲击,它对美国经济的影响通过贸易、资本流动和汇率、国际市场价格以及金融市场传染等渠道波及全球,影响全球经济发展.     

软力量与和平崛起

曾经在《参考消息》上看到一篇美国学者关于＂虐俘事件＂的文章,该文分析了这一事件对美国的软力量的破坏,认为如果不重建软力量,将直接影响美国的战略利益。美国人所谓的软力量,就是＂影响别人选择的能力,如有吸引力的文化、     

现行国际货币体系的新特征

进入21世纪,在全球化浪潮推动下,全球流动性过剩成为常态。2000年网络泡沫破灭和2001年9.11事件的发生,严重影响了美国国内消费需求,导致美国经济增长动力不足。为促进经济增长,美国联邦储备委员会从2001年1     

Robert Heilbroner and the Growing Concern with Poverty in the US

This paper examines Robert Heilbroner’s 1950 article in Harper’s Magazine on poverty in the USA. It argues that this piece was the first attempt to raise popular concerns about poverty in the USA after World War II, and in many ways sought to do what John Kenneth Galbraith’s The Affluent Society and Michael Harrington’s The Other America accomplished. Heilbroner was not successful in bringing the issue before poverty to public attention because he wrote at a time of great economic growth and at a time before TV brought images and ideas to a large fraction of the American public. He also wrote in a very conservative era, where McCarthyism reared its ugly head and where calls to eradicate poverty were met with intimations of a Communist conspiracy.

Hyperpower Exceptionalism: Globalisation the American Way

We are in a unique position because of our unique assets, because of the character of our people, the strength of our ideals, the might of our military and the enormous economy that supports it. (Vice-President Dick Cheney, addressing the Council on Foreign Relations, February 2002) Today's era is dominated by American power, American culture, the American dollar and the American navy. (Thomas Friedman, 2000) In international affairs the USA displays growing unilateralism. International development policies have been constrained by the Washington consensus. The USA fails to sign on to international greening protocols. Until recently the USA was perennially in arrears in United Nations dues. On several occasions (such as Nicaragua, Panama) the USA has not followed international legal standards and it ignores the International Court if its verdict goes against it. American policies contribute to the enduring stalemate in the Middle East. Take any global problem and the USA is both the major player and the major bottleneck. It is a reasonable question to ask whether this is just a matter of the current US administration or whether more profound dynamics are at work.     

Geopolitics and the Vietnam War: Pyrrhic Victory's Antonym

If pyrrhic victory had an antonym, it would describe a loss with dramatic yet unanticipated benefits, a victory disguised as defeat. This essay's central assertion is the Vietnam War was a geopolitical victory for the United States. The war was a victory disguised as defeat. Nicholas Spykman's analysis of the United States' geopolitical position in America's Strategy in World Politics is applied along with older and post–Cold War Vietnam War historiography. Saul Cohen's maritime conception of the Cold War is also employed. The 1965 American ground force intervention in Vietnam geopolitically secured Indonesia in the Western strategic-economic orbit in the Cold War. The unanticipated benefit, making the Vietnam War pyrrhic victory's antonym, is the intervention's role in the movement of the Sino-American relationship from that of enemy to rapprochement to tacit alliance in the 1970s. This movement illustrates a recent historiographical assertion the war intensified communist bloc fractures beyond repair, reoriented international politics, and made a major contribution to the US Cold War victory.     

The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Anglo‐Saxon Countries Over the Long Run

Taking five Anglo‐Saxon countries that have relatively similar backgrounds and tax systems – Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA – we see that the shares of the very richest exhibit a strikingly similar pattern, falling in the three decades after World War II, before rising sharply from the mid‐1970s onwards. The share of the top 1 per cent is highly correlated across Anglo‐Saxon countries, more so than with the share of the next 4 per cent. Controlling for country and year fixed effects, we find that a reduction in the marginal tax rate on wage income is associated with an increase in the share of the top percentile group. Likewise, a fall in the marginal tax rate on investment income (based on a lagged moving average) is associated with a rise in the share of the top percentile group.     

Opportunities and challenges created by terrorism

Besides being pushed by technical development and pulled by the demand for hi-tech products, technology is also often influenced greatly by the sudden impacts from other external environments. As shown by the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks (2001), Bali bombings (2002, 2005), Madrid bombings (2004), and London bombings (2005), some technologies have been fundamentally affected by terrorism, especially those concerning globalization, infrastructure, corporations, education, and individuals. Using system dynamics (SD) methodology, our paper first examines the causes of terrorism and why the United States was chosen as the target for the 9/11 terror attacks. The concept of SD helps analysts realize the variation of a complicated system and perceive how an internal feedback loop within a system impacts the whole system's behavior. After suffering the 9/11 attacks, the American-led coalition carefully considered how to study and develop effective methods for anti-terrorism strategies. These anti-terrorism efforts will have a major impact on technology development, and many opportunities and challenges are likely to arise from such development. Based on the qualitative analytic approach of causal loops, this article explores in detail the opportunities and challenges for technology development prompted by terrorism. The contribution of our study lies in appropriately analyzing links between terrorism and technology development in order to explain the present relevant technology situation and to initiate a discussion of future technology development trends.     

Lost Exceptionalism? Comparative Income and Productivity in Australia and the UK, 1861–1948*

Australia had one of the highest per capita incomes in the world in the late nineteenth century, although this exceptional position subsequently eroded over time. This paper compares national income and sectoral labour productivity in Australia and the UK between 1861 and 1948 to uncover the underlying sources of Australia's high income and the reasons for its subsequent relative decline. We find that the country's higher per capita income was due primarily to higher labour productivity, because labour force participation, although higher in Australia than in the USA, was lower than in the UK. Australia had a substantial labour productivity lead in agriculture throughout the period, due to the importance of high value-added, non-arable farming, and a smaller lead in industry before World War I. The early productivity lead in industry was largely based on the importance of mining, and disappeared as manufacturing became more important. There was little productivity difference in services. These results reaffirm the importance of Australia's successful exploitation of its natural resource endowments in explaining the country's high initial income.     

US Hegemony and the Origins of Japanese Nuclear Power: The Politics of Consent

This paper deploys the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and consent in order to explore the process whereby nuclear power was brought to Japan. The core argument is that nuclear power was brought to Japan as a consequence of US hegemony. Rather than a simple manifestation of one state exerting material ‘power over' another, bringing nuclear power to Japan involved a series of compromises worked out within and between state and civil society in both Japan and the USA. Ideologies of nationalism, imperialism and modernity underpinned the process, coalescing in post-war debates about the future trajectory of Japanese society, Japan's Cold War alliance with the USA and the role of nuclear power in both. Consent to nuclear power was secured through the generation of a psychological state in the public mind combining the fear of nuclear attack and the hope of unlimited consumption in a nuclear-fuelled post-modern world.     

美国农业产业体系对中国的启示与建议

中国农业部应美国农业部邀请,考察有关农业生产,加工,流通,科研方面的企业,行业协会及政府机构,从微观基础,市场体系和宏观调控等三个层面上了解美国农业情况,得到的突出感觉是：美国之所以有领先于世界的现代化农业,得益于有竞争力的农业产业体系;中国要以美国农业发展为鉴,认真反思推进农业产业化经营,培育农业产业体系的理论与实践。     

试论新疆反恐刑事政策的法治化

近年来,我国积极参与国际刑事法治的交流与合作,并注重对国际上"轻轻重重"两极化刑事政策的借鉴与吸收。宽严相济刑事政策的提出,就是对两极化刑事政策的理性回应。新疆反恐刑事政策的法治化顺应这种趋势,既是新疆反恐的现实需要,又有相应的法理基础和法律依据。在刑事立法、刑事司法中明确体现宽严相济刑事政策和罪刑相适应原则,整合本土资源控制新疆恐怖主义犯罪,是新疆反恐刑事法治化的正确选择。