Competition

This article examines the adoption of strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) by for-profit and non-profit knowledge-intensive health services (HS) organizations in the Australian context. Survey data collected from senior executives are used to test the relationships between a strategic HRM model and firm performance. Path analysis found that for HS firms, irrespective of whether for-profit or non-profit, adopting strategic HRM could increase organizational performance. Strategic HRM could be achieved through the cultivation of an external orientation to customers' demands and a commitment to employees. Building an external orientation with internal structural dimensions such as commitment to employees, allows HS organizations to develop a strategic HRM approach with human capital-enhancing HRM practices. Public and non-profit organizations in the HS industry facing or undergoing health sector reform need to be aware of both of these orientations in order to adopt strategic HRM and improve their performance.     

Education–Job Match,Salary, and Job Satisfaction Across the Public,, Non-Profit,and For-Profit Sectors: Survey of recent college graduates

Using data from the 2006 Survey of Recent College Graduates, this study examines how education–job match and salary may explain recent college graduates’ job satisfaction in the public, non-profit, and for-profit sectors. The results imply that while education–job match increases job satisfaction in all three sectors, for-profit workers may compensate the loss in job satisfaction due to poor match with increased satisfaction from higher salary. The findings suggest that, in the public and non-profit sectors, increased salary cannot make up the loss in job satisfaction from poor education–job match as much as it does in the for-profit sector.     

我国非营利组织的财务管理

发展非营利组织对推进社会主义现代化建设有重要的现实意义。然而,目前我国非营利组织的财务管理存在许多的问题。非营利组织财务管理的这些问题不仅严重制约了自身的发展,而且增加了社会的不稳定因素。因此,要采取措施加强我国非营利组织的财务管理,进而营造一个良好的社会环境,使整个社会更加和谐安定。     

Non-profit and for-profit entrepreneurship: a trade-off under liquidity constraint

Many non-profit enterprises are created ex-nihilo by individuals. The choice of non-profit status may be all the more surprising since this legal form denies founders the right to appropriate profits from the invested capital. The aim of this article is to understand the reasons why some individuals decide to create non-profit organisations instead of for-profit firms and do so under liquidity constraint. The model suggests that non-profit organisations enter at higher optimal levels of production, and are more constrained by access to credit. Moreover, non-profit entrepreneurs are more managerially efficient than their for-profit counterparts. However they cannot allocate capital as efficiently as the for-profit firms would do.     

Positioning and its strategic relevance

Abstract

Contemporary non-profit strategic management/marketing literature suggests that non-profit organizations, including charities, adopt positioning strategies to differentiate themselves in increasingly competitive operating environments. However, the extant literature lacks adequate theoretical/conceptual frameworks and empirical studies to guide research and inform charity management practice. As part of an on-going study in strategic positioning in British charitable organizations, this article presents the key findings of an exploratory survey into the extent of positioning activities in a sample of general welfare and social care charities within the wider voluntary sector in the UK. The empirical findings reveal that charitable organizations undertake positioning activities extensively in their organizations. However, these activities appear to be more complex than those advocated in contemporary non-profit management/marketing literature. The article highlights five emerging themes that could have major implications for research and practice of strategic positioning in charities in specific, and in voluntary-sector organizations in general.     

中国医疗卫生事业效益分析之系列研究——2005-2009年中国非营利与营利医疗卫生效益分析

研究2005-2009年全国非营利与营利医疗卫生的发展,中国医疗卫生事业以非营利性为主。医院占据主要床位数。营利医疗机构运用外部资产能力强,非营利机构长期偿债能力强。营利医疗机构有效控制成本费用,就诊方便,住院便捷,以优质医疗服务不断取得社会效益。两类机构还有很大利用资源的空间和提高管理水平。     

Cross-Sectoral Coordination of Disaster Relief

Abstract

Coordinating organizational activity across different sectors is crucial in disaster management. We analysed the response of 291 aid workers to the Haiti earthquake in 2010 and found that common incentives and a high degree of equality among aid organizations positively affected perceived network coordination. Large and public organizations were more likely to take leadership roles and high numbers of public organizations involved in the disaster response network led to improved network coordination. These results indicate the need for mechanisms that enable smaller and non-profit organizations to participate in network coordination and leadership.     

Boards must take charge in new age

Rapid change demands that the traditionally passive duties of the board of directors of non-profit organizations be replaced by a more assertive role, the author says. Facing new political and economic realities, volunteer organizations will have to adjust to increasing demands for services, and reductions in government funds in which the board of directors can be a strong, guiding force.     

Modelling NPO–Government Relations: Australian case studies

Abstract

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are major providers of services in many fields of endeavour, and often receive financial support from government. This article investigates different forms of government/non-profit funding relationships, with the viewpoint being mainly, though not exclusively, from the perspective of the non-profit agencies. While there are a number of existing typologies of government/NPO relations, these are dated and in need of further empirical analysis and testing. The article advances an empirically derived extension to current models of government/NPO relations. A future research agenda is outlined based on the constructs that underpin typologies, rather than discrete categorization of relationships.     

非营利科研机构在科技创新体系中的定位与作用研究

研究在界定我国非营利科研机构的概念和研究范围的基础上,探讨非营利科研机构在创新系统中的定位,得出作为我国科技创新体系中的重要成员,非营利科研机构在促进官产学研合作的发展和科技成果转化方面能够发挥重要作用的结论。     

非营利组织治理结构:特征分析与框架构建

非营利组织治理效率的高低取决于对非营利组织治理结构的厘清程度,由此也就取决于其治理结构基本框架的构建.文章回顾了非营利组织治理结构研究的相关文献,在此基础上对非营利组织结构特征进行分析,并致力于构建我国非营利组织治理结构的基本框架.     

Technical efficiency of for-profit and non-profit nursing homes

This paper employs data envelopment analysis to generate efficiency indices for individual nursing homes relative to a best-practice frontier. Further analysis then shows that these ‘unadjusted’ indices represent factors other than efficiency. Regression analysis purges the indices of these confounding influences. The resulting ‘adjusted’ efficiency indices demonstrate that for-profit homes have higher mean levels of efficiency and a more efficient production frontier than non-profit homes. These results support the property rights hypothesis that forprofit homes are inherently more efficient than non-profit ones.     

The Non-Profit Sector,Government and Business: Partners in the dance of change - an Irish perspective

The relationship between the Irish non-profit sector and the two other key sectoral actors in Irish society - government and business - forms the focus of this paper. It commences with an overview of the Irish non-profit sector, providing insights into its long rich history and current status. Next, the relationship between non-profits and the public sector is considered, charting the changes which have occured over time. Moving to the corporate sector, the concept of corporate social responsibility is explored briefly and information is provided on the extent of business support for Irish nonprofits. The discussion then broadens to examine the patterns of interaction between these three sectors and explores how their relationship can be enhanced in the future.     

非营利精神塑造探析

非营利精神,影响着非营利组织的价值取向和行为方式,它的产生基于一定的文化基础。我国非营利组织中非营利精神的重塑影响着这些组织今后的发展,而精神的重塑又应当考虑宗旨、动机、愿景、影响、品牌等综合因素。     

营利性行为与非营利组织财务规制研究

文章根据非营利组织营利性行为趋势,结合中国社会组织网公布的非营利组织工作报告,指出我国非营利组织的营利性活动仍存在一些不规范行为,应当在财务管理上加以规范,以保证非营利组织营利性行为有章可依,有章必依。     

非营利组织筹资渠道与方式探析

各类非营利组织已成为重要的社会组织形式,拓展筹资渠道,灵活运用各种筹资方式,提高自身筹资能力,是目前大多数非营利组织急待解决的问题。本文在分析总结非营利组织筹资现状和问题的基础上,提出拓展非营利组织筹资渠道与方式的对策措施。     

Innovative practices in public procurement partnerships: The case of the United States

Public procurement partnerships represent a new approach to conducting government acquisition. These partnerships are predicated on the notion that governments today simply lack the requisite knowledge, skills and financing to provide core public services and acquire sophisticated services, IT and knowledge development by themselves. Instead, governments need to enlist the collective energies of the governmental, business and non-profit (third) sectors. This research looks at the concept of public procurement partnerships in the United States and the major trends promoting their use. Two case examples of public procurement partnerships are presented; one from the perspective of a government partner, the other from the perspective of a private (third) sector partner.     

Serving two organizations: Exploring the employment relationship of contracted employees

Although growth has occurred in contract employment arrangements both in the public and private sectors, scant research has been conducted on the organizations and employees affected by these arrangements.This study examines the employment relationship of long‐term contracted employees using a social exchange framework. Specifically, we examine the effects of employee perceptions of organizational support from contracting and client organizations on their (a) affective commitment to each organization and (b) service‐oriented citizenship behavior. We also examine whether felt obligation toward each organization mediates this relationship. Our sample consists of 99 long‐term contracted employees working for four contracting organizations that provide services to the public on behalf of a municipal government. Results indicate that the antecedents of affective commitment are similar for the client and contracting organization. Employee perceptions of client organizational supportiveness were positively related to felt obligation and commitment to the client organization. Client felt obligation mediated the effects of client perceived organizational support (POS) on the participation dimension of citizenship behavior. Our study provides additional support for the generalizability of social exchange processes to nontraditional employment relationships. Implications for managing long‐term contracted employees are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

FORGING THE IRON CAGE: INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS AND THE PRODUCTION OF MACRO-CULTURE

This article examines how organizations participate in shaping the cultural environments of the nations that they inhabit. Cultural environments, we argue, emerge in a primarily unintended fashion as a consequence of routine, network interactions among organizations in four overlapping yet analytically distinct sectors: government, the mass media, educational institutions, and the business community. Differences in the structure of these national networks condition dynamic patterns of change in nations’cultural environments. In highly centric national networks, government will tend to dominate the production of cultural environments. In less centric networks, other institutional sectors play more commanding roles.     

非营利组织财务管理研究综述

近年来随着非营利组织急剧增长,学术界掀起了对非营利组织的研究热潮,其中非营利组织财务管理也正在成为新的研究领域。本文通过对近年来国内外关于非营利组织财务管理研究进行回顾,试图提出下一步研究思路,以供后续研究参考。