资本市场开放与企业"脱实向虚"——基于双重治理机制的视角

借助"沪港通"制度实施这一外生事件,利用2011-2018年沪深A股上市公司数据,通过构建双重差分模型以及克服以往跨国研究中事件识别误差和互为因果的内生性偏误等问题,考察了资本市场开放对企业金融化的影响.研究发现:"沪港通"制度实施能够显著抑制企业金融化,从而降低实体经济"脱实向虚"风险;其作用机制是通过境外投资者被动"用脚投票"与主动"用手投票"的内外部双重治理来实现的.拓展性研究表明,中国企业金融化的主要动机仍是市场套利,资本市场开放通过降低企业金融资产配置实现了价值创造.因此,应加快资本市场开放步伐,鼓励成熟的境外投资者入市,并引导机构投资者实现真正的积极股东主义,促进资本回流实体经济.     

上证A股与B股协整关系的实证研究

本文基于协整理论,使用1998年1月5日至2001年2月19日和2001年2月20日至2007年7月20日两个阶段上证A股指数与B股指数数据对上证A股与B股之间的关系进行了研究.结果显示,B股市场时境内投资者开放前A股与B股之间不存在协整关系,而B股市场对境内投资者开放后,A股与B股存在协整关系.进一步地对不存在协整关系的第一阶段进行了Granger因果检验;对存在协整关系的第二阶段构建了误差修正模型,针对所得结论提出了建议.     

股权结构对买卖价差的影响研究

本文从市场微观结构层面研究了买卖价差和股权结构之间的关系,引入股权激励和B、H股因素,选取2006年至2010年上证180指数成分股作为研究标的。研究表明,公司内部人和机构投资者持股增加了买卖价差,并且机构投资者的影响更大,股权转让会导致买卖价差上升。股权激励在长期中能够降低买卖价差,但是在牛市行情中作用不明显。发行B、H股产生的市场分割和信息非对称会提高A股的买卖价差。     

投资者情绪、有限套利与股价异象

同美国市场投资者情绪与截面股票未来收益短期正相关、长期负相关的现象不同,中国A股市场两者之间短期内就呈现负相关特征。本文认为这主要与中国A股市场以个人投资者为主体且做空套利受限严重有关,因此与以机构投资者为主体的美国市场存在明显差别。考虑到A股独特的市场交易结构与投资者行为特征,本文提出非主力资金买卖不平衡指标(BSI),通过捕捉散户的资金流向实现对个股投资者情绪的测算。实证结果表明,股票组合收益率与非主力资金BSI指标存在明显的单调递减特征,且无法由通常衡量投资者情绪的换手率因子所解释,与换手率的市场异象也有显著差异,后者表现出换手率特别高的股票组合收益明显更低的非对称特征。本文的理论与实证也进一步指出,有限套利是A股市场投资者情绪异象的主要原因之一,在套利受限更为严重的股票组合中,投资者情绪与股票收益截面负相关的现象更为明显。同时,市场极端情绪和极度乐观情绪下的投资者情绪股价异象更为明显。     

中国股票市场个体投资者"处置效应"的实证研究

利用中国个体投资者交易帐户的交易数据,本文对中国股票市场个体投资者"处置效应"进行了实证分析,并考察了中国股票市场是否存在"十二月效应"对"处置效应"的影响.依据情绪影响投资者决策的心理学结论,本文进一步分析了在不同的市场态势下,个体投资者"处置效应"的特征.本文研究表明,中国个体投资者存在显著的"处置效应",并在不同市场态势下表现出不同的特征,十二月份存在"反处置效应"现象.     

基于投资者情绪的均值-方差效应分析

文章以2009年1月至2022年6月时期的中国综合A股市场为样本，通过主成分分析构造投资者综合情绪指数，并按分位数将其划分为低迷期、平稳期及高涨期三个期间，以考察不同的投资者情绪对于股市均值-方差的影响。结果表明，在全样本、投资者情绪平稳及高涨期间，市场的均值与方差之间不存在显著的相关关系；而在投资者情绪低迷时期，市场的均值与方差呈现出显著负相关关系。这说明投资者情绪对于市场均值-方差的影响并非是对称的。     

财政透明度对企业产能过剩的影响研究——基于"主观"与"被动"投资偏误的视角

文章把地方政府的财政透明度纳入企业微观行为的分析体系,根据《2012年中国市级政府财政透明度研究报告》和《2012年世界银行中国企业调查数据》等统计资料,实证检验了财政透明度对企业产能过剩的两种影响机制——企业"主观"投资偏误形成机理和"被动"投资偏误形成机理.研究发现:(1)财政透明度的提高会增加企业对政府行为的理性预期,减少其对外部经营环境的不确定性判断,抑制了企业由于"主观"投资偏误而导致的产能利用率低下、产能过剩现象;(2)财政透明度的提高增加了政府干预土地要素市场的成本,继而减少了企业因政府干预土地要素市场而产生的"被动"投资偏误,产能利用率提高.     

股票市场投资者情绪指数构建

我国的股市作为一个典型的新兴市场,投资者情绪的变动对股市的收益变动有很大的影响,通过对投资者情绪对股票收益的影响研究可以使证券管理者和投资者对情绪的变动加以重视,以做出合理的决策.本文借鉴了国内外的研究,同时结合了我国股市的投资者情绪特征,选取了比年度和月度更低频率的周数据,通过主成份分析法构建了一个以封闭式基金折价率、新增A股开户数、上证指数换手率和成交量为间接的情绪指标和以消费者信心指数为直接的情绪指标的投资者情绪复合指数.     

中国股票市场外国投资者所有权投资的限制与市场分割

本文针对中国股票市场1992-1997年度的A股和B股的市场分割问题进行研究,并讨论了B股大幅度折价的原因.研究发现A、B股价差的主要原因是B股市场缺乏流动性.B股相对缺乏流动性导致了投资者较高的期望收益,因此定价较低,以补偿投资者增加的交易成本.但是,在这两类股票中,B股价格比A股价格更接近于市场基本面.因此,本文认为,1992-1997年度的中国股票市场,实际上是A股溢价,而不是B股折价.     

信息不对称与H股折价关系的定量研究

在中国,外资股市场上的股票价格比相同公司在A股市场上的股票价格要低,这就是所谓的外资股"折价"现象,本文以A股、H股双重上市公司的H股折价现象为研究对象,通过实证分析,寻找影响折价及其程度的关键性因素.研究表明信息不对称因素是影响H股折价程度的关键性因素之一,并且A股、H股市场间的信息不对称存在着方向性.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for Reality Mining

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.