Co-authorship and the output of academic economists

This paper uses panel data on 339 economists to evaluate the relationship between co-authorship and output. It is shown that for a given individual, more co-authorship is associated with higher quality, greater length, and greater frequency of publications. However, the net relationship between co-authorship and output attributable to the individual is negative after discounting for the number of authors. The results of this paper suggest that universities and granting agencies which preferentially reward research collaboration may be undermining their goal of maximizing research output.     

Do research institutes benefit from their network positions in research collaboration networks with industries or/and universities?

There is scarce empirical evidence on the impact of inter-organizational collaboration across research institutes, industries or/and universities on the scientific performance of research institutes. This paper fills this gap by examining how the research institutes’ bilateral/trilateral collaborations with industries or/and universities influence their research outputs from a network perspective. We construct a unique dataset based on the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ inter-organizational research collaboration networks with industries or/and universities, which enables us to build three homogeneous, heterogeneous and hybrid inter-organizational research networks as our multi-scenario sample. Our study confirms that the scientific performance of research institutes is significantly affected by their network positions in the research collaboration networks with industries or/and universities. Specifically, in the homogeneous “University-Research Institute” (UR) collaboration network, the degree centrality and the structural holes of the research institutes affect their scientific performance respectively in an inverted U-shaped manner and a positive linear one. By contrast, in both the heterogeneous “Industry-Research Institute” (IR) and the hybrid “Industry-University-Research Institute” (IUR) collaboration networks, the degree centrality and the structural holes of research institutes affect their scientific performance respectively in a positive linear manner and an inverted U-shaped one. Our findings indicate that the impact pattern of the network positions of innovative organizations on their performance likely varies with the network structure and composition in different inter-organizational contexts.     

University–industry collaboration in Italy: A bibliometric examination

This work investigates public–private research collaboration between Italian universities and domestic industry, applying a bibliometric type of approach.The study is based on an exhaustive listing of all co-authored publications in international journals that are jointly realized by Italian university scientists and researchers in the private sector; this listing permits the development of a national mapping system for public–private collaboration that is unique for its extensive and representative character. It is shown that, in absolute terms, most collaborations occur in medicine and chemistry, while it is industrial and information engineering that shows the highest percentage of co-authored articles out of all articles in the field.In addition, the investigation empirically examines and tests several hypotheses concerning the qualitative–quantitative impact of collaboration on the scientific production of individual university researchers. The analyses demonstrate that university researchers who collaborate with those in the private sector show research performance that is superior to that of colleagues who are not involved in such collaboration. But the impact factor of journals publishing academic articles co-authored by industry is generally lower than that concerning co-authorships with other entities. Finally, a further specific elaboration also reveals that publications with public–private co-authorship do not show a level of multidisciplinarity that is significantly different from that of other publications.     

Research collaboration model in academic social networks

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a hybrid collaboration recommendation method that accounts for research similarities and the previous research cooperation network. Research cooperation is measured by combining the collaboration time and the number of co-authors who already collaborated with at least one scientist. Research similarity is based on authors’ previous publications and academic events they attended. A weighted directed graph is built to discover new collaborators by using direct and indirect connections between scientists. Moreover, a consensus-based system is built to integrate bibliography data from different sources. The experimental results show that our method improves the recommendation performances over other methods.     

Story Matrix工具在导游解说中的运用

为游客提供旅游目的地的相关信息并进行讲解是导游工作重要的组成部分。本文分析了目前导游解说中存在的问题,提出了如何将故事矩阵工具运用于导游解说的原则,总结出将故事矩阵工具引入导游解说中进行信息组织和处理,不仅有助于导游员有系统地准备导游解说内容,还能避免由于经验不足或知识欠缺造成解说中的盲目性,使导游解说由任意的个人行为变成有理性有系统的科学方法。     

Endogenous R&D Networks among Upstream Firms

This paper studies the endogenous formation of R&D networks among upstream firms and the welfare implications thereof. Both under an upstream price setting and an upstream quantity setting, it is shown that the complete R&D network emerges in equilibrium but only if spillovers are sufficiently low. Yet, under a quantity setting, the complete network arises within a larger range of spillovers. In both cases, however, there is a potential conflict between private incentives for R&D collaboration and societal ones. We discuss policy measures that may help to steer firms towards a more socially desirable outcome. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of a network structure of the foreign currency exchange market

We analyse structure of the world foreign currency exchange (FX) market viewed as a network of interacting currencies. We analyse daily time series of FX data for a set of 63 currencies, including gold, silver and platinum. We group together all the exchange rates with a common base currency and study each group separately. By applying the methods of filtered correlation matrix we identify clusters of closely related currencies. The clusters are formed typically according to the economical and geographical factors. We also study topology of weighted minimal spanning trees for different network representations (i.e., for different base currencies) and find that in a majority of representations the network has a hierarchical scale-free structure. In addition, we analyse the temporal evolution of the network and detect that its structure is not stable over time. A medium-term trend can be identified which affects the USD node by decreasing its centrality. Our analysis shows also an increasing role of euro in the world’s currency market.     

基于Pajek的高校科研团队合著网络的知识共享研究——以某高校经管院为例

本文运用大型可视化网络分析软件Pajek软件,综合运用Ucinet 6分析了教师和研究生组成的科研团队的文章合著网络,从而了解教师的学术合作及其发展趋势情况。     

External stakeholder engagement: Complementary and substitutive effects on firms' eco-innovation

In this paper, we investigate whether firms' engagements in collaboration agreements with different types of external stakeholders produce complementary effects on the likelihood of eco-innovation. Although collaboration network and open eco-innovation theories affirm that the combination of external partners such as scientific partners, suppliers and customers produces complementary effects on the firm's likelihood of eco-innovation, several empirical studies found the existence of substitutive effects between them. To bridge this gap in the literature, we shape the nature of the interaction between different external partners, analysing an unbalanced panel sample of 10,918 innovative Spanish firms, covering the period 2008–2016. Consequently, we can show how firms benefit the most from collaboration with external partners. Our results show that firms that simultaneously collaborate with scientific partners, suppliers and customers generate partial complementary effects, which increase the firm's likelihood to eco-innovate the most, and that the combination of customer-collaboration with scientific partners, or supplier-collaboration, produces partial substitutive effects. Taking this in account, our results also confirm that engaging with scientific partners, suppliers or customers, independent of one another, increases firms' likelihood of eco-innovation more than noncollaboration. These results have important implications for managers, researchers and policy designers. For managers, this study provides a correct understanding of the benefits that they can expect to obtain from multi-partner external collaboration. For researchers, it introduces the marginal analysis to estimate interaction on nonlinear models. Finally, for policy designers, it shows the need for sponsored R&D collaboration to encourage coordinated ecosystems in which sustainability goals are pursued together.     

On the Decomposition by Subgroups of the Gini Index and Zenga's Uniformity and Inequality Indexes

Besides a brief historical outline of the Gini index decomposition proposals, we compare, in a subgroups framework, the decompositions of the Gini index and of the uniformity and inequality indexes recently proposed by Zenga. The two decompositions follow a similar scheme: in both cases the overall index can be at first expressed as a weighted average of convenient "cross" measures, with their own interpretation, and afterwards it is decomposed into a within and a between term by merely distinguishing measures evaluated within the same subgroup from the ones regarding different subgroups. This procedure does not depend on an a priori definition of the within or the between term and allows their contribution to be naturally evaluated preserving the structure of the index itself. In the last section the two decompositions are applied to the Italian net household wealth provided by the 2006 central Bank of Italy sample survey on household budgets.     

An empirical study of the impact of e-business technologies on organizational collaboration and performance

The use of e-business technologies between supply chain organizations has been thematic in recent literature. Organizational collaboration, the foundation of supply chain management, has been enabled by the development and use of e-business technologies. Organizational collaboration and information sharing, in turn, are expected to improve organizational performance. We propose and test a model of the relationship between organizational use of e-business technologies, organizational collaboration, and performance, using empirical data. Our model differs from past studies in that collaboration is viewed as two unique constructs, differentiating between intra- and inter-organizational collaboration. Our findings show that use of e-business technologies impacts performance both directly and indirectly by promoting both measures of collaboration. Intra-firm collaboration is also found to have a direct impact on organizational performance. However, the impact of inter-organizational collaboration on performance is found to be only indirect, through the impact of intra-organizational collaboration. These findings reveal the complexity of organizational collaboration, underscore the importance for companies to promote internal collaboration, and invest in information technologies that facilitate it.     

Co‐Authorship in Management and Organizational Studies: An Empirical and Network Analysis*

In recent decades there has been growing interest in the nature and scale of scientific collaboration. Studies into co‐authorship have taken two different approaches. The first one attempts to analyse the reasons why authors collaborate and the consequences of such decision ( Laband and Tollison, 2000 ). The second approach is based on the idea that co‐authorship creates a social network of researchers ( Barabási et al., 2002 ; Moody, 2004 ; Newman, 2001 ). In this study we have carried out an exploratory analysis of co‐authorships in the field of management from the two aforementioned approaches. The results obtained show a growing tendency of the co‐authored papers in the field of management, similar to what can be observed in other disciplines. Our study analyses some of the underpinning factors, which have been highlighted in the literature, explaining this tendency. Thus, the progressive quantitative character of research and the influence of the collaboration on the articles' impact are enhanced. The network analysis permits the exploration of the peculiarities of the management in comparison with other fields of knowledge, as well as the existing linkages between the most central and prominent authors within this discipline.     

Interconnectedness and systemic risk in the US CDS market

This study assesses systemic risk in the US credit default swap (CDS) market. First, this study estimates the bilateral exposures matrix using aggregate fair value data and theoretically analyze interconnectedness in the US CDS network using various network measures. Second, this study theoretically analyzes the contagious defaults. The default analysis shows the theoretical occurrence of many stand-alone defaults and one contagious default via the CDS network during the global financial crisis. A stress test based on a hypothetical severe stress scenario predicts almost no future contagious defaults. Thus, risk contagion via the CDS network is unlikely.     

Consequences of Linguistic Distance for Economic Growth

This paper advances a new country‐level measure of ethno‐linguistic diversity, making use of Greenberg's definition of diversity by synthesizing information on the share of different ethno‐linguistic groups in a country's population and, more importantly, information on intergroup linguistic distances derived from a recently developed lexicostatistical approach. I show that this measure captures ethno‐linguistic diversity at lower levels of linguistic aggregation. However, unlike the commonly used phylogenetic language tree approach, I found that these distance‐weighted diversity measures continue to have a strong negative statistical association with economic growth that is not sensitive to the underlying resemblance function between ethno‐linguistic groups.     

Distance Association Models for the Analysis of Repeated Transition Frequency Tables

The present paper is concerned with the analysis of repeated transition frequency tables, for example, occupational mobility data measured in different cohorts. The association present in such a table will be modeled by a distance in Euclidean space. A large distance corresponds to a small association; a small distance corresponds to a large association. A more direct interpretation is that more transitions occur between categories that are close together in a social space. It is assumed that the same social structure (space) exists for the different slices (cohorts/time points) of a table, but that the dimensions of this space are weighted for the different slices, i.e., for each slice the dimensions are stretched or squeezed. We will propose a model, discuss an algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates and apply the model to an empirical data set.     

利用在线审稿系统 促进学术期刊信息化

随着计算机和网络技术的发展,通过Internet投稿和审稿已成为期刊管理的发展趋势。科技期刊在线审稿系统(OMRS),是指利用编辑部内部局域网和Internet为基本平台,实现作者、编辑、审稿专家、编委四位一体的协作化、网络化、角色化地编辑稿件业务处理平台。文章结合实际编辑审稿流程以及"科技期刊在线审稿系统"的系统结构和功能,分析了其对科技期刊编辑部的意义。通过利用科技期刊在线审稿系统(OMRS),促进学术期刊信息化。     

企业短信平台关键技术研究

短信平台是企业信息化建设不可或缺的组成部分,然而由于缺乏对短信队列实际有效的管理而使得服务质量受到限制。文章在分析企业短信平台典型结构的基础上,提出设立与管理短信机的前置短信池思想,根据不同系统或不同级别的短信发送需求,设立不同的优先级别,运用一种短信权重轮询调度策略,扩展了企业短信平台搭建方式,保证了重要短信的实时性,并且平滑了突发群短信的输出,该方案已经成功应用于实际系统。     

Network effects in influenza spread: The impact of mobility and socio-economic factors

This paper introduces new methods of modeling and analyzing social networks that emerge in the context of disease spread. Four methods of constructing informative networks are presented, two of which use. static data and two use temporal data, namely individual citizen mobility observations taken over an extensive period of time. We show how the built networks can be analyzed, and how the numerical results can be interpreted, using network permutation-based surprise analysis. In doing so, we explain the relationship of surprise analysis with conventional network hypothesis testing and Quadratic Assignment Procedure regression. Surprise analysis is more comprehensive, and can be without limitation performed with any form(s) of network subgraphs, including those with multiple nodal attributes, weighted links, and temporal features. To illustrate our methodological work in application, we put them to use for interpreting networks constructed from the data collected over one year in an observational study in Buffalo and Erie counties in New York state during the 2016–2017 influenza season. Even with the limitations in the data size, our methods are able to reveal the global (city- and season-wide) patterns in the spread of influenza, taking into account population mobility and socio-economic factors.     

南通物流业的网络映像及提升对策

网络在当今社会发挥着愈发重要的作用,政府利用其开展电子政务,企业利用其进行电子营销,科研机构利用其进行跨时空合作。在网络世界所体现的网络映像逐渐成为现实主体的另一张身份证,从一定程度上反映其发展水平、运行效率和细节管理能力。物流的本质是服务,更需要注重细节和效率。诸多南通物流要素在网络世界的常态化表现,从一定程度上综合反映了南通物流业发展水平。深入系统地分析南通物流的网络映像,为找寻促进南通物流业发展的有效措施开辟了新的途径。     

A multi-product cost function for physician private practices

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the production of physician services using a multi-product cost function. Prior studies examine the physician production process in a theoretical setting and do not provide empirical insight. We expand upon the theoretical work in the literature by specifying a four-product generalized Leontief cost function for physician services that recovers measures of marginal cost, scale, scope, and elasticity. Our study is based on physician survey data from the 1998 American Medical Association Physician Socioeconomic Monitoring Survey and motivates a scientific framework for advancing the existing reimbursement fee schedule. Our analysis indicates that physician office visits are generally priced above marginal cost, implying there may be evidence of market power in physician private practices. Furthermore, our analysis lends to the policy debate over whether the use of a Resource-Based Relative Value Scale system is the most appropriate mechanism for facilitating Medicare reimbursements.