中日韩三国外国直接投资比较

中日韩三国作为东北亚核心国家,都希望通过吸引外国直接投资进一步促进本国经济发展.三国FDI的投资方式、投资来源国及投资产业有较大不同,也体现出发展中国家与发达国家间的差别.分析外国直接投资与本国产业发展的关联的结果显示,中国的国内企业竞争力最弱,日本最强.今后中国引进外资过程中,应增加并购的比重,提高对服务业的引资力度,同时实施内外资企业平等的优惠政策,努力提高国内企业竞争力.     

中国利用FDI规模的比较分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

对引进FDI规模的国际和国内地位、外商直接投资结构、外商直接投资企业占国内经济的分量进行比较分析发现:我国引进FDI规模还是合理的,还有较大的增长空间;从结构上看,我国外商直接投资地区结构、产业结构、投资来源国结构等不尽合理;在出口总额中,外商投资企业所占份额过高。因此,我国在继续引进FDI过程中,应加强对FDI的管理,推动利用外资从"量"到"质"的根本转变,使FDI真正服务于经济发展。     

外向型FDI能促进母国的对外贸易吗?——基于69个国家和地区样本的GMM检验

对外直接投资对母国经济的诸多方面有正面的影响。文章选取41个发展中国家和地区以及28个发达国家和地区2002-2011年的观测样本,实证考察外向型FDI对母国对外贸易的影响。实证结果发现,不管是在发达国家样本还是在发展中国家样本,在控制了外向型FDI的内生性之后,外向国际直接投资存量对母国的进出口贸易总额没有显著影响。     

FDI对国内企业研发行为的影响——理论模型与中国的经验

文章分析了外商直接投资对内资企业研发支出影响的作用机理,理论分析表明,当外资企业采用FDI模式的成本较低时,外商直接投资会导致国内企业的研发支出水平下降;当FDI成本较高时,FDI是促进还是抑制本土企业的研发支出由经济系统其他参数决定。在理论分析基础上,文章采用中国1998～2006年工业部门的37个行业面板数据来验证FDI在我国对内资企业研发行为的影响,实证检验结果表明,在过去的几年中FDI促进了我国内资企业对研发投入的增加。     

FDI方式、产业分布与“金砖国家”的资本累积效应

金砖国家引进FDI的资本形成效应表现为直接效应和间接效应。从直接效应来看,1992～2010年金砖国家引进FDI的直接资本形成效应由大到小依次为巴西、中国、俄罗斯、南非和印度。从间接效应来看,利用1992～2010年相关数据对金砖国家引进FDI对国内投资的间接资本形成效应进行实证检验发现:金砖国家中,中国和印度引进FDI对国内投资具有挤入效应,且中国大于印度;巴西、俄罗斯和南非引进FDI对国内投资具有挤出效应,由大到小依次为南非、巴西和俄罗斯。通过分析指出,金砖国家引进FDI的间接资本形成效应差异主要与FDI的进入方式、投资率和FDI的产业分布有关。     

市场开放促进了产业升级吗?——理论及来自中国制造业的证据

中国通过吸引FDI增加了国内资本存量,但学界关于FDI对促进产业升级的作用一直存在着争议。本文将市场开放分解为源于国际贸易的产品竞争效应和源于FDI的外资效应,阐述它们对最终产品部门—中间品部门—研发部门之间资本要素需求的影响机制和结果,并以加入WTO后中国制造业28个细分行业规模以上企业为样本,采用行业成本转换法估计资本要素相对需求变化的影响因素。结果表明,FDI和出口显著地增加了中国制造业的资本要素相对需求,进而促进了产业升级。     

我国服务业利用外资状况分析

近年来，全球服务业对外直接投资的比重大幅度增加，发达国家和发展中国家服务业利用外资的份额都已经超过制造业。但我国服务业发展相对落后，服务业FDI流入相对较少，这与我国制造业规模在FDI的带动下急剧扩张有关，与国内支撑服务业发展的产业基础和环境相对落后有关，也与服务业市场开放度有关。     

我国服务业利用外资状况分析

近年来，全球服务业对外直接投资的比重大幅度增加，发达国家和发展中国家服务业利用外资的份额都已经超过制造业。但我国服务业发展相对落后，服务业FDI流入相对较少，这与我国制造业规模在FDI的带动下急剧扩张有关，与国内支撑服务业发展的产业基础和环境相对落后有关，也与服务业市场开放度有关。     

FDI对亚洲发展中东道国技术转移行为的分析

发达国家的跨国公司在对外直接投资(FDI)的过程中,客观上对东道国技术进步产生了一定的积极影响。研究FDI对有关国家与地区技术转移的途径、效应等问题,将有利于我国有效实现引进外商直接投资中的技术转移。     

人民币汇率变动对中国FDI流入的影响

本文结合人民币汇率与外商直接投资,利用我国1985-2011年省级面板数据,实证分析了人民币汇率变动对中国FDI流入的影响。研究结果表明:1地理位置对我国FDI的流入产生显著的正向效应。沿海省份具有相对的地理位置优势,更容易吸引外商直接投资;2场规模与市场潜力对吸收外商直接投资具有显著的正向促进作用。市场规模和市场潜力越大,FDI流入越多;3劳动力成本与外商直接投资呈显著地负向关系。劳动力成本越低,越能吸引更多的外资直接投资;4实际有效汇率对FDI流入产生显著地正向效应。实际有效汇率升高,本币贬值,更容易吸引外商直接投资。     

Does Korea follow Japan in foreign aid? Relationships between aid and foreign investment

Korea, an emerging donor country, largely considers its economic relations to recipients when allocating its aid. Such practices were preceded by Japan before the 1990s. We expect those similar practices between the two countries will make resemblance in aid outcomes. On a macro-level, we show similarities in aid allocations by type, region, income, and sector. The similarities are ascertained also at a micro-level by our statistical analysis on the relationships between aid and FDI. The analysis based on the FDI gravity model and panel dynamic system GMM estimation shows that only aids from Korea and Japan create more inflow of FDI into their respective recipient developing countries. Those are contrasted with other donors’ aids, which are not related to FDI or the substitute for FDI.     

FDI and productivity convergence in Central and Eastern Europe: an industry-level investigation

This paper presents empirical evidence of the effect of FDI inflows on productivity convergence in Central and Eastern Europe, using a new and harmonized industry-level data set. Four conclusions stand out. First, there is a strong convergence effect in productivity, both at the country and at the industry level. Second, FDI inflow plays an important role in accounting for productivity growth. Third, the impact of FDI on productivity critically depends on the absorptive capacity of recipient countries and industries. Fourth, there is important heterogeneity across countries, industries and time with respect to some of the main findings.     

Are stricter investment rules contagious? Host country competition for foreign direct investment through international agreements

We argue that competitive diffusion is a driver of the trend toward international investment agreements with stricter investment rules, namely defensive moves of developing countries concerned about foreign direct investment (FDI) diversion in favor of competing host countries. Accounting for spatial dependence in the formation of bilateral investment treaties and preferential trade agreements that contain investment provisions, we find that the increase in agreements with stricter provisions on investor-to-state dispute settlement and pre-establishment national treatment is a contagious process. Specifically, a developing country is more likely to sign an agreement with weak investment provisions if other developing countries that compete for FDI from the same developed country have previously signed agreements with similarly weak provisions. Conversely, contagion in agreements with strong provisions exclusively derives from agreements with strong provisions that other FDI-competing developing countries have previously signed with a specific developed source country of FDI.     

Ideological taboos,entry barriers,and FDI attraction: Evidence from China

Developing and transitional countries often impose a wide variety of entry barriers on foreign direct investments (FDIs). One important reason behind these entry barriers is ideological taboos. However, do these taboos actually affect the inflow of FDIs? With the help of China’s “cultural system reform,” this study uses a panel data of 283 prefecture-level cities in China for 1994–2017 and the difference-in-differences method to evaluate the effect of the cultural system reform on regional FDI. We found that the cultural system reform remarkably promoted the inflow of FDIs by deregulating institutions and removing entry barriers, and the attraction of FDI has slowly increased along with the deepening of the reform. Our conclusions still hold after performing several robustness tests, thereby highlighting ideologies as important barriers to the inflow of FDIs into less developed countries.     

The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Malaysia: A Revisit

Abstract

The paper re-examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia, for the period 1970–2006. The cointegration results show that market size of both Malaysia and China have major, and a statistically significant impact, on FDI inflow to Malaysia. The results seem to support the argument that foreign investors tend to be more attracted to the country with a higher growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) because it indicates a larger potential demand for their products. In addition, the results also demonstrate that openness level of the country has a positive and statistically significant effect on FDI inflow, which supports the hypothesis that FDI can be attracted to a country with more liberalized economic reforms. Finally, the results show that literacy rate (human capital development) has significant positive effect on FDI inflow. The finding suggests the need for labor force expansion and education policy to raise the stock of human capital in the country. Using Granger causality test, we also find that there exist unidirectional causality from real GDP of both Malaysia and China, degree of openness and literacy rate to FDI inflow.     

Comparative advantage FDI? A host country perspective

Recent empirical studies of the determinants of multinational activity across countries have found overwhelming support for a horizontal rather than a vertical model of foreign direct investment (FDI). They all use US or other developed country data. This paper, in contrast, uses a detailed industry-level data set on FDI in a relatively skilled-labor and capital scarce country, Mexico, to shed light on the determinants of FDI between largely dissimilar countries. The results indicate considerably more support for a comparative advantage motive for FDI, although a market access motive is present as well. The correlation between skill differences and FDI is positive in all industries, but when differences are large, FDI flows into sectors that are intensive in total labor, regardless of skill level. The concentration of multinational activity in (unskilled) labor intensive industries suggests a potential for spillover effects.     

Words vs. actions: International variation in the propensity to fulfil investment pledges in China

We examine whether companies from certain countries are more likely to fulfil investment pledges. Using data on contracted and utilized FDI in China, we find that firms fulfil an average of 59% of their pledges within two years. The propensity to fulfil pledges is lower for firms from countries with greater uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and egalitarianism; higher if the source country is more traditional; and is unaffected by popular attitudes towards China. Prior literature has found that these cultural characteristics are associated with higher levels of utilized FDI. We extend this to show that announcements of planned corporate activity may be more reliable for firms from countries with certain cultures.     

外商直接投资对中国技术进步效应的结构分析

以行业数据为基础的分析结果表明,外资对上海的直接技术进步效应大于外资对上海本地企业的技术溢出效应,而外资对上海本地企业的技术溢出效应大小又与外资进入的行业有关。分不同外资来源的分析结果表明,港澳台投资对上海的直接技术进步效应小于对上海本地企业的技术溢出效应,OECD投资对上海的直接技术进步效应大于对上海本地企业的技术溢出效应。从上海经验出发,我们认为,我国必须根据外资对我国本地企业的正向技术溢出效应大小,甄别和遴选外资来源、流入形式和进入行业,在若干难以明显获得外资正向技术溢出效应的领域,采用内资替代外资的投资政策,以增加我国资本要素的投资收益,减少GDP与GNP之间的差距,降低经济增长过程中的福利漏出。     

转型国家外国直接投资的宏观经济效应──关于俄罗斯、中东欧八国和中国的比较

本文通过对俄罗斯、中东欧八国以及中国的比较,对转型国家FDI宏观经济效应的制度因素加以分析。在此基础上,进一步建立转型国家有FDI流入的IS/LM/BP模型,运用一般均衡分析的方法对转型国家FDI的宏观经济效应进行研究。论文指出,无论是在固定汇率下还是在浮动汇率下,FDI流入促进转型国家收入的增长都是确定的。作为转型国家的一个特例,中国兼具转型经济国家、新兴市场经济国家和发展中国家三种特征,其FDI宏观经济效应的传导机制具有一定的特殊性。中国在现行汇率体制下FDI流入的国民收入效应仍然是确定的。但是,与俄罗斯、中东欧八国等转型国家相比,FDI促进中国国民收入的提高相对较少。