基于国家治理的政府会计概念框架演进及其引导效应

国家治理现代化驱动了会计领域的变革,政府会计作为国家治理的基石和重要组成部分,其概念框架应服务于政府会计法规体系建设。从服务于国家治理现代化的政府会计改革与政府会计概念框架的相互作用出发,基于整体分析模型、框架结构与要素内容三个维度解析了政府会计概念框架的整合思路与演进路径,探析了政府会计概念框架在引导政府会计准则体系建设、政府财务报告及其审计制度规范等改革目标实现中的效应发挥。     

百年党史赋能政府会计国家治理功能发挥

自1921年中国共产党成立以来，党带领人民披荆斩棘、砥砺奋进，创造了一个又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹；政府会计作为财政管理的重要基础，百年来同党一起进步。通过厘清新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放与社会主义现代化建设新时期和中国特色社会主义新时代中政府会计治理功能发挥的历史规律，进一步剖析党的百年发展经验对政府会计治理能力提升的促进作用，从学科融合和改革创新两个维度探索新时代背景下党的治理思维赋能政府会计治理功能发挥的具体路径，以期推动政府会计改革进一步深化，更好地服务于国家治理体系与治理能力现代化建设。     

会计发展与国家治理现代化关系的深度透视

会计有助于实现国家治理现代化,会计越发展,治理越科学,社会越进步.会计总是跟随经济社会的变迁而变化,会计发展具有显著的时代特征.实现国家治理现代化是当前实践的首要目标,会计作为服务经济工作的最基本工具,应该释放会计在国家治理方面的经济、政治、文化、社会及生态文明五大效应.另一方面,国家治理现代化为会计的发展与繁荣创造了机遇,在会计计量单位、会计信息披露和会计人才等方面,会计应有所创新.     

在新一轮财税改革中发挥好会计领军作用

通过社科院中国社会科学院财政与贸易经济研究所高培勇所长关于《新一轮财税改革的基本方向》课程的讲解和参加学院组织的“管理会计”高峰论坛,使笔者看到了财政改革春天的到来,看到多年来被低估的政府与非盈利组织财会管理将在国家治理体系和治理能力现代化推进中,发挥十分重要的作用.本文通过对此次高峰论坛的学习,从财政在国家治理中的重要性、行政事业单位管理会计的转型以及会计领军人才在国家财税改革中的重要作用等方面,对会计在国家新一轮的财税改革中的作用进行了具体的讨论.     

治理能力现代化背景下基层政府公共服务供给问题研究

基层政府治理能力现代化是推进国家治理能力体系和治理能力现代化的重要基础。基层政府发挥着实施社会管理,提供公共服务的功能,但有些基层政府存在着同社会组织合作意识淡薄、公共服务供给能力低下;供给过程中缺乏有效的公众参与、公共服务供给失衡;监管体系不完善等问题。因此,建议基层政府应更新服务观念、高度重视公众多元化的公共服务需求;创新公共服务供给模式;完善多元监管体系,提高基层政府的公共服务供给能力、基层政府公信力,实现治理过程中和社会组织,农村自治组织的良性互动、有效衔接,逐步建立高效的公共服务供给体系。     

论法务会计对社会企业发展的促进作用——以社会管理创新为背景

社会的快速发展使得法务会计学的内容和功能发生迅速的变化和更新,法务会计突破了仅仅局限于法务会计调查与法务会计鉴定两项业务的传统,成为社会治理的重要工具。第三部门组织在应对市场失灵与政府失灵、发展社会事业、提高社会治理绩效等领域发挥了重要作用。社会企业的出现代表了第三部门发展的新趋向,需要借助法务会计等新的科学手段实现民主监管,以促进社会企业自身发展。     

明确职责密切合作共同推进管理会计体系建设--《财政部关于全面推进管理会计体系建设的指导意见》系列解读之七

全面推进管理会计体系建设，推动单位（包括企业和行政事业单位，下同）实现管理升级，增强核心竞争力和价值创造力，进而促进经济转型升级，推动建立现代财政制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，推动中国会计工作转型升级，是一项系统工程，涉及到财政部门和其他相关监管部门、单位、科研院校、有关会计团体、会计服务机构和广大会计人员等相关各方。因此，需要在财政部门牵头指导下，明确职责、齐心协力，多方联动，共同推动管理会计发展。     

论法务会计对社会企业发展的促进作用——以社会管理创新为背景

社会的快速发展使得法务会计学的内容和功能发生迅速的变化和更新,法务会计突破了仅仅局限于法务会计调查与法务会计鉴定两项业务的传统,成为社会治理的重要工具。第三部门组织在应对市场失灵与政府失灵、发展社会事业、提高社会治理绩效等领域发挥了重要作用。社会企业的出现代表了第三部门发展的新趋向,需要借助法务会计等新的科学手段实现民主监管,以促进社会企业自身发展。     

天津:深入推进政府会计准则制度实施

党的十九届四中全会强调指出:要构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系,加强系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理,把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱,天津财政从系统治理和源头治理的角度出发,全面推进政府会计改革,夯实政府综合财务报告、部门决算报告和行政事业性国有资产报告的核算基础,为加快构建现代财政制度,推进财政管理体系和管理能力现代化奠定坚实的会计基础。     

"多轨制"新型政府会计体系的重构与耦合 ——基于里格斯行政生态学视角

政府会计体系是国家制度体系中重要的治理子系统,合适的制度安排和制度供给对深化国家治理能力具有重要作用.文章以里格斯行政生态学为理论分析框架,探讨政府会计体系优化问题,提出过渡型社会需要构建由预算会计、财务会计和管理会计融合生成的"多轨制"新型政府会计体系.在剖析政府会计体系演化形态基础上,系统阐述了"多轨制"新型政府会计体系运行机理,并试图探寻顶层制度设计的路径选择,以期为政府会计体系整合与优化提供分析框架.文章认为"多轨制"新型政府会计体系紧密契合政府治理现代化的时代要求,运用柔性的递进方式可以克服改革阻力,在最大程度上实现三轨协调融合.     

Hybrid governance and governance performance in industrial purchasing relationships

Hybrid governance arrangements (e.g. joint action, long-term contracting and vertical coordination) feature regularly as an effective response to inter-firm dependence in the literature of business-to-business relationships. However, current empirical work has paid little attention to whether such governance arrangements really do improve governance efficacy and reduce transaction costs. The present study focuses on the governance efficacy of vertical coordination in industrial business-to-business relationships. Building on transaction costs arguments, the author examines whether vertical coordination is an effective means for adapting to inter-firm dependence, realized as the substantial employment of specific assets.Empirical findings from a survey of 170 industrial supplier–buyer relationships demonstrate that when asset specificity reaches a certain level, greater vertical coordination reduces ex post transaction costs significantly. On the other hand, this efficacy pattern is modest or non-existent in relationships with low asset specificity.The research findings support the basic TCA assumption that the performance of hybrid governance arrangements is highly dependent on a situation of substantial inter-firm dependence with subsequent small-number conditions.     

Public enterprise governance

Abstract

Public enterprise management displays unique inherent tensions between its ‘publicness’ and ‘enterprise’ elements. The complex dynamics between these two sometimes overlapping and sometimes conflicting notions in managing a public enterprise can be interpreted with the aid of the concepts of governance. Public enterprise governance can be understood in terms of the dynamics among actors from the state, market and civil society in governing and managing collective affairs, each of very different values, norms and logics. This article introduces an analytical framework using the concepts of governance and public enterprises, and applies it to the wholly government-owned railway corporation, Kowloon – Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) in Hong Kong. The KCRC can be regarded as commercially successful but this profitable public corporation has been plagued with many public governance controversies in its twenty-year history. Lessons from three major cases (the golden handshake affair, Long Valley saga and Siemens fiasco) are discussed.     

从企业治理概念看城市的治理结构

随着经济全球一体化进程的加快 ,城市治理结构正经历着向企业家式治理模式的转变。本文通过对企业治理与管理的分析 ,认为城市治理应参照企业治理结构模式 ,建立起有中国特色的城市治理结构。     

Separating contract from governance

This paper contends that there is an important distinction between governance structure and contractual form, and that organizational boundaries, defined by governance structures, need not explain contractual form. The basic idea is that governance refers to the general environments and instruments that structure and ‘govern’ specific terms of trade negotiated in ‘contracts’. Problems of verifiability and observability of contractual performance are hypothesized to drive the differential effects on governance structure and contractual form. Specifically, transaction cost factors known to result in employment as a general governance structure do not automatically result in contracts characterized by the payment of fixed‐wages. Instead, incentive pay and the delegation of decision‐making authority to workers may be preferred by firm owners. The paper proposes that the relationship between a firm and a worker involves a two part decision‐making framework in which one choice is the type of governance that structures the second choice regarding the specific characteristics of the contract linking the worker to the firm. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A governance puzzle to be solved? A systematic literature review of fragmented sustainability governance

Management Review Quarterly - To address global sustainability challenges, adequate governance solutions are needed. Yet, sustainability governance is typically fragmented. This fragmentation poses...     

城市区域增长的网络化治理

肇始于20世纪末的信息技术发展及全球经贸联系的日益紧密,生产的分散化与管理的集中化导致国家间的竞争逐步演变为骨干城市及其所依托的城镇群体之间的竞争。立足于当代中国城市发展实践,衔接国际城市与区域研究的理论前沿,着眼于当前我国城市区域体制转型和制度变迁过程中凸显的深层次的体制障碍和运作瓶颈,采用城市政治经济学的研究方法,从背景、方法、视角、内容等多个层面,系统归纳和评述了中外城市区域增长的网络化治理机制,并从城市区域治理的增长网络、增长政体、增长制度和增长管理等角度提出了相关拓展研究的展望。     

Monitoring and governance of private banks

In this paper I examine regulation and corporate governance mechanisms at a sample of non-publicly traded state member banks in 2006. Using a simultaneous regression approach, results show that insider representation on the board has a positive influence on both director and executive compensation in commercial banks. Regulatory ratings, however, are only related to bank performance—not to board structure or compensation schemes. This may be attributed to less information asymmetry between managers and owners at private banks. Also, directors are rewarded for strong CAMELS ratings. The governance structure of private banks is not affected by regulatory ratings; however, the percent of insiders on the board influences actions of the board to a large extent.     

The economics of nonprofit organisations' governance

We determine theoretically when we can expect agency problems amenable to shirking agents to arise in nonprofit organisations and derive the conditions for governance measures to remedy these. Agents' private benefits of shirking need to be considered combined with the effect of their efforts on the probabilities of being successful in fundraising and production. If this effect is large, agency problems can more easily be avoided. Sufficient conditions for governance measures to reduce agency problems are derived. The empirical literature fits a number of the results derived and shows important gaps, especially w.r.t. the role of success probabilities.     

浅探公司治理模式的趋同

本文分析了公司治理模式趋同的动因,并在此基础上指出利益相关者参与公司治理是公司治理模式的发展方向,从而得出了一些启示.