股改中的最后通牒博弈探讨

股权分置改革是我国A股证券市场的重大制度变革,中国证监会通过赋予A股市场流通股东表决权的方式,建立市场化协调机制来解决股权分置问题,股改实质是非流通股东与流通股东两个主体之间进行一场平衡股东利益的博弈.在试点股清华同方的对价方案表决中,清华同方高管在沟通会上曾发出最后通牒:如果此方案被否决,近期内不会有备用方案出台,中小投资者将与大股东一样受到伤害.可见,在股改中,非流通股东与流通股东存在最后通牒博弈.本文拟采用最后通牒博弈模型,探讨在当前证券市场股改中的博弈问题.     

对我国现行股权分置改革若干问题的思考

股权分置是中国证券市场特有的一种现象,它是中国社会经济基础与上层建筑矛盾的产物。解决股权分置问题对中国资本市场的改革具有里程碑的意义,有利于中国资本市场持续建康地发展。解决股权分置问题的法理基础是要充分考虑非流通股东对流通股东的对价补偿。从目前进行股权分置改革试点的情形来看,对流通股东进行对价补偿的方案很多,但最主要的问题是对价的标准如何来确定,是否遵循了历史成本和预期利益损失原则,至于具体采用哪一种方案最好,则应区别不同上市公司的具体情况而有不同的选择,绝不能简单地搞一刀切。     

对我国现行股权分置改革若干问题的思考

股权分置是中国证券市场特有的一种现象,它是中国社会经济基础与上层建筑矛盾的产物.解决股权分置问题对中国资本市场的改革具有里程碑的意义,有利于中国资本市场持续建康地发展.解决股权分置问题的法理基础是要充分考虑非流通股东对流通股东的对价补偿.从目前进行股权分置改革试点的情形来看,对流通股东进行对价补偿的方案很多,但最主要的问题是对价的标准如何来确定,是否遵循了历史成本和预期利益损失原则,至于具体采用哪一种方案最好,则应区别不同上市公司的具体情况而有不同的选择,绝不能简单地搞一刀切.     

公司治理视角下的股权分置改革:动因、影响及后续发展

股权分置是我国公司治理体制完善以及证券市场进一步发展的制度性障碍。股权分置改革通过改革股价定价机制、调整公司股权结构、完善管理层的约束机制以及激励机制等措施,为公司治理体制的完善创造了条件。     

股权分置改革的制度缺陷

我国证券市场“股权分置”的现象由来已久,对流通股东的利益造成了严重侵害。自2005年4月底掀起的股权分置改革意在解决这种制度缺陷。但是,这场轰轰烈烈的改革运动真的能拯救股民于水火吗?本文分析了股权分置改革的机制设计,认为政府虽然已经意识到保护公众股东利益是改革的重中之重,但在市场博弈中,流通股东缺乏相应的代言人,其利益仍然难以得到有效保障,然后在此基础上提出了相应的对策建议。     

股权分置改革财富再分配效应

股权分置改革是流通股东与非流通股东利益重新分配的过程.本文具体讨论股权分置改革的财富创造效应,以及财富在不同主体间的再分配效应.46家试点上市公司的实证结果表明:从总体上看,股权分置改革过程能够创造财富,非流通股东的收益明显高于流通股东的收益,且流通股的超常收益与第一大股东的持股比例负相关,说明在股权分置改革过程中非流通股东,尤其是绝对优势的大股东处于有利地位.     

投权分置改革的制度缺陷

我国证券市场“股权分置”的现象由来已久，对流通股东的利益造成了严重侵害。自2005年4月底掀起的股权分置改革意在解决这种制度缺陷。但是，这场轰轰烈烈的改革运动真的能拯救股民于水火吗？本文分析了股权分置改革的机制设计，认为政府虽然已经意识到保护公众股东利益是改革的重中之重，但在市场博弈中，流通股东缺乏相应的代言人，其利益仍然难以得到有效保障，然后在此基础上提出了相应的对策建议。     

股权分置改革对上市公司的影响

股权分置是在我国经济体制转轨过程中形成的特殊问题,随着我国资本市场的迅速发展,开始越来越强烈地影响证券市场预期的稳定和价格发现功能,使公司治理缺乏共同的利益基础,严重影响了我国证券市场的效率,成为完善资本市场基础制度的重大障碍。在股权分置改革过程中我们必须考虑到影响股权分置改革的一些因素,构建一个稳定的市场环境,股权分置改革将会对上市公司产生深远的影响。     

会计与股改研究

我国证券市场由于特殊的历史原因和在发展演变中,A股上市公司的一部分股份上市流通,一部分股份暂不上市流通的分别设置状态。股权分置的存在扭曲了证券市场的定价机制,导致公司治理缺乏共同的利益基础,不利于形成稳定的市场预期,制约了证券市场的发展。本文提出了股权分置改革有关会计问题的思考。     

会计与股改研究

我国证券市场由于特殊的历史原因和在发展演变中,A股上市公司的一部分股份上市流通,一部分股份暂不上市流通的分别设置状态。股权分置的存在扭曲了证券市场的定价机制,导致公司治理缺乏共同的利益基础,不利于形成稳定的市场预期,制约了证券市场的发展。本文提出了股权分置改革有关会计问题的思考。     

股权分置改革对上市公司治理优化的影响研究

股权分置的制度缺陷导致了上市公司治理缺乏共同的利益基础,扭曲了资本市场发挥作用的机理。股权分置改革有利于上市公司逐步形成共同的治理基础。从股权分置改革对上市公司治理优化的影响关系框架可以看出,指出股权分置改革通过上市公司股东行为、董事会作用及经营者激励约束机制等内部治理因素和资本市场定价机制、控制权市场并购重组机制及监督约束机制等外部治理因素影响着上市公司整体治理的优化,从而使后股权分置时代促进上市公司治理优化。     

Did corporate governance safeguard investor interest in the global financial crisis? Evidence from Hong Kong SAR

The global financial crisis of 2008 aroused renewed interest in the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms to safeguard investor interests. In this paper, we measure the effects of the crisis from 2008 to 2009 on the share performance of 976 companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in the Hong Kong SAR and examine the link between share performance and corporate governance mechanisms. Our results present evidence that firms with a higher proportion of independent directors and a greater concentration of ownership had lower share performance, but lower price volatility, during the global financial crisis. These results suggest that no single corporate governance mechanism is fit for all economic environments and time frames. To strengthen investors' confidence, companies should enhance the efficiency and adaptability of their governance mechanisms in turbulent times.     

我国股票上市首日超额收益影响因素的实证研究

在股权分置改革的背景下,运用多元线性回归模型的加权最小二乘法,对2004年1月1日至2006年12月31日期间发行上市的167只A股股票的实证研究,发现发行价格、上市首日股票换手率、筹资规模、发行市盈率以及市场指数等因素对上市首日超额收益具有重要影响,而发行前每股净资产、发行后实际流通股比例、发行方式及股权分置改革等因素对上市首日超额收益影响不明显。     

绿色金融政策、公司治理与企业环境信息披露——以502家重污染行业上市公司为例

以502家重污染行业上市公司为研究对象,选取2006-2008年度上市公司披露的环境信息,构建环境信息披露指数,系统考察绿色金融政策下公司治理因素对企业环境信息披露水平的影响。研究结果发现,国有股权、第一大股东持股比例、审计委员会以及设立环保部等公司治理因素对环境信息披露水平的提高影响非常显著,而绿色金融政策则强化了这些因素的环保作用。     

The political determinants of executive compensation: Evidence from an emerging economy

In regulated economies, corporate governance mechanisms such as executive compensation are less driven by market-based forces but more subject to political influence. We study the political determinants of executive compensation for all listed Chinese firms in the context of an exogenous shock that removed market frictions in share-tradability. Under strong political constraints, state ownership reduced the managerial pay levels and increased pay-for-performance sensitivity (to asset-based benchmarks). Board independence and compensation committees do not curb managerial pay, and market-based factors do not have a significant influence. However, these effects reversed following the governance shock (removal of market frictions in share tradability).     

Corporate Governance,Dividend Status,Ownership Structure,and the Performance of Greek Seasoned Equity Offerings

We examine the short-term and long-term share-price behaviour surrounding the announcement of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) by firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange. (ASE) The idiosyncrasies of the ASE make for an interesting investigation of SEO announcements in relation to the effect of corporate governance mechanisms, ownership structure, and dividend-paying status. We examine changes in leverage and systematic risk, as well as the long-term share price and operating performance of those firms involved in a SEO. We report significant share-price appreciations on SEO announcement day. We find a share-price rally before the announcement of SEOs and subsequent share-price reversals. Our results suggest that corporate governance structures, dividend status, and ownership concentration enhance the information content of SEOs. Finally, we report evidence that the long-term operating performance and the capital structure of firms announcing a SEO deteriorates for up to two years following the announcement.     

Do bank loans still convey information to investors? Evidence from the split share structure reform in China

Bank loans can convey information about the borrowing firms that have proper corporate governance systems. Using a sample of bank loan announcements in China, we find that the market reaction is positive after the split share structure reform in 2005, which aligns the interests of large shareholders and minority shareholders, government and public investors, and alleviates their tunneling incentives. We also find that this effect is more pronounced for private firms as the reform mainly enhances corporate governance for private firms. The signaling role of bank loans is less pronounced for firms with less severe information asymmetry after the reform, e.g. higher shareholdings of mutual funds and higher proportion of independent directors. Related party transactions decrease when they obtain bank loans after the reform, which reflects the alleviation of tunneling after the reform.     

The role of corporate governance in FDI decisions: Evidence from Taiwan

There has been a considerable literature on the determinants of why firms undertake foreign direct investment (FDI), but very little on whether firms with different governance characteristics are more or less likely to venture overseas. For example, are family-controlled firms more predisposed to FDI than firms, with similar attributes, but different forms of ownership? Does the presence of institutional shareholders suggest a greater propensity to invest abroad? Does the composition of the Board of Directors have an impact? Most extant studies of corporate governance focus on the impact of governance factors on firm performance. However, these performance outcomes are a function of the strategic decisions made by the firms, which suggests it might be useful to consider the relationship between corporate governance factors and particular strategic decisions. One example is the decision to undertake foreign direct investment. The two main strands of IB literature on the determinants of FDI have little or nothing to say about how corporate governance factors might affect the FDI decision. Both internalisation theory and the resource-based view see FDI primarily as a means by which firms can appropriate rents in overseas markets from the exploitation of their idiosyncratic resources and capabilities. This paper extends this literature by investigating the effects of governance factors on the decision to undertake FDI. In particular, we want to assess the impact upon the FDI decision of (a) the extent of family control, (b) the presence of domestic and foreign institutional shareholders, and (c) the composition of the Board of Directors. We investigate these effects using a sample of 228 publicly listed firms in Taiwan, and our results clearly indicate that family control and share ownership by domestic financial institutions in Taiwanese firms are associated with the decision to undertake FDI. We also find that corporate governance impacts in different ways with regard to Taiwanese FDI in China in comparison to Taiwanese FDI in the rest of the world.     

上市公司财务行为异化与股权分置改革

我国上市公司“一股独大”的股权结构使得股东大会的权力事实上转移到了大股东手中,股东大会基本上体现了大股东的意志。在股权分置改革前,大股东股份不能流通,其价值由每股净资产体现,大股东这种与中小流通股股东价值相背离的价值观成为我国上市公司财务行为异化的根源。股权分置改革将使得大、小股东的财务冲突得到极大缓解,有利于上市公司财务行为的规范。     

证券市场选择是否影响公司业绩与价值?--来自中国房地产行业的经验证据

企业在不同资本市场之间的选择往往是上市过程中一个重要决策。上市地点是否会影响其后续业绩表现以及价值？文章基于中国内地房地产企业数据的研究发现,在中国香港上市的企业比在中国内地上市的企业经营业绩更优,而两者在股市价值上并无显著差别。另外,在(中国)香港上市的房地产企业中,国有企业股市价值低于非国有企业;而在中国内地上市的房地产企业中,国有企业股市价值高于非国有企业。研究结果说明,证券市场完善的监管有利于降低代理人问题,提高企业经营业绩。