投资与通货膨胀、经济增长关系的实证研究——基于二元VAR模型的分析

采用1981-2012年的年度数据,对通货膨胀与经济增长之间的关系进行了实证分析,结果表明,二者之间不仅存在长期稳定的均衡关系,并且存在着双向的格兰杰因果关系。同时,通过引入投资增长率这一中间变量分析了通货膨胀与经济增长之间的传导机制,并根据实证分析,得到结论:经济增长会促进投资的增长,继而使得通货膨胀水平上升;而通货膨胀水平的提高会抑制投资增长,继而影响经济的增长。     

二元经济条件下中国的菲利普斯曲线和奥肯法则

1979年以来,中国的通货膨胀和经济增长与就业之间是否存在比较稳定的菲利普斯曲线和奥肯法则的关系?如果不存在,原因是什么?可不可能存在另外某种形式的关系?本文的研究认为:由于存在大量的劳动力转移,中国的通货膨胀和经济增长与城镇失业率之间不存在稳定的关系,但与劳动力转移速度显著相关。因此劳动力转移不仅是中国经济发展的根本任务,而且是影响中国宏观经济稳定的关键因素。     

我国货币供应量对产出、物价预测能力的实证研究

本研究在收集整理我国季度CPI和GDP数据的基础上，利用均衡修正模型对中国1986－2001年货币供应量变动与，物价相关性进行协整分析。有很强的经济证据表明，在整个样本期内，狭义货币m1与通货膨胀，经济增长之间不存在稳定的长期均衡关系。广义货币m2与通货膨胀，经济增长之间虽然存在稳定的长期均衡关系。但是，自1994年以来，短期内我国的货币供应量m2和真实经济变量通货膨胀，经济增长之间的相关性减弱，不存在统计意义上的格兰杰因果关系，而且这种关系也是不稳定的。本文的实证研究不支持货币供应量（无论是m1还是m2）作为我国货币政策中介目标。     

中美两国通货膨胀及其波动性关系的实证研究

中国的通货膨胀及其波动性之间存在稳定的正向相关关系;而美国通货膨胀及其波动性之间没有因果关系却存在负向的相关关系。相对于美国,中国对通货膨胀的控制比追求经济增长更重要。     

通货膨胀的门槛效应与中国经济增长

迄今为止,通货膨胀与经济增长之间关系仍然是一个争而未决的难题。文章通过建立一个旨在说明通货膨胀与经济增长之间关系的非线性面板门限回归模型,并以通货膨胀变化率作为门限变量以及利用我国1985-2011年的省际面板数据进行实证检验发现：通货膨胀变化率小于门限变量0.0800时,通货膨胀可以促进经济增长,当通货膨胀变化率位于门限变量0.520与0.0800之间时,通货膨胀对经济增长的正向拉动作用最为明显;然而当通货膨胀变化率高于较大的第二个门限值时,通货膨胀则与经济增长负相关。因此,文章认为控制通货膨胀的相对增长速度与其绝对水平同样重要。     

中国的经济增长与通货膨胀

经济增长和通货膨胀是衡量一个国家经济是否健康、是否蒸蒸日上的两个关键指标,无论是经济增长还是通货膨胀,都和宏观经济息息相关。本文以我国经济增长为例,论述经济增长与通货膨胀之间的关系,并提出了几点可以降低通货膨胀率的建议,希望我国经济实现又好又快的发展。     

治理我国通货膨胀的几点思考

一、对通货膨胀必须加以治理 世界上许多国家一直把经济增长、充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、国际收支平衡作为政府宏观调控政策的基本目标,其核心是处理好发展和稳定之间的关系。美国是市场发育较好的发达国家,在经历了70年代的严重通货膨胀和80年代的反通胀以后,虽然联邦储备委员会、总统和财政部、国会三者之间经常在经济增长、就业和物价关系上发生争论,但总体上却存在共识,始终将控制通货膨胀作为重要目标,把货币与金融政策置于核心地位,并采取以经济手段为主,配合以法律、行政手段,通过调控总量平衡,抑制通货膨胀。由战败国重新发展起来的德国认为,尽管通货膨胀可能在一段     

焦点荟萃

渐进式改革与通货膨胀中国综合开发研究院在《经济研究》上发表了中国渐进式改革的研究报告。报告指出,15年来的改革开放引导中国进入持续高速增长的时期。在此过程中,中国经济脱离了传统的经济剧烈波动的发展轨道,保持了相对平稳的经济增长轨迹。但这种新的增长格局正在明显地受到日渐突出的通货膨胀的干扰,每2-3年在通货膨胀的压力下,中国经济就被迫进行经济紧缩。在经济紧缩政策实施后,通货膨胀仍会保持相当高的水平。结论是,中国的经济稳定问题取决于是否有效地抑制通货膨胀。但对于通货膨胀的治理已经不能再主要依靠短期的宏观经济政策。更为重要的是寻求短期宏观调控政策和长期的改革与发展战略间的有机协调,中国推行的渐进式改革模式虽然有很多优点,但它亦是造成中     

经济增长、通货膨胀与我国当前的宏观调控

经济增长与通货膨胀的关系如何?我国当前宏观调控的目标和重点何在?这些问题一直是我国经济界关注的热点。宋承先教授撰写的《经济增长、通货膨胀与我国当前的宏观调控》一文,以西方经济学经济增长理论和通货膨胀理论为基础,对以上热点问题提出了独到见解,本刊分两期连载,以飨读者。     

经济保障金融平衡 金融扶持经济发展

当前我国宏观经济发展继续处于调控与观察状态，经济基本面依然较为乐观，主要在于工业生产继续增长、投资增长放缓、消费需求趋旺、各类价格指标相对稳定略有升、金融运行健康平稳；然而经济压力依然继续存在，基本面的形势继续呈现略有过热的态势，其中包括消费者物价指数继续高企，通货膨胀压力依然存在；生产领域增长状况继续持续，主要产业的增长潜力依然明显。     

我国目前通货膨胀特点的分析与判断

针对我国目前经济运行中出现的通货膨胀现象,本文根据理论知识和数据两方面分析了当前中国存在的通货膨胀的特点,进而从内部经济的长期和短期考察了中国通货膨胀的发生机理,指出在未来几年,我国的通胀压力将继续存在。     

OUTPUT-INFLATION TRADEOFF IN CHINA

High growth and wide fluctuations in fixed investment are the main driving forces causing inflation in China during its economic reform period. Investment expansion generates strong demand pressures in the consumption goods market. Its inflationary impact is magnified further as it brings about higher wage costs during economic booms. In the paper, an implied short-run tradeoff has been derived from the dynamic simulation of a small macroeconomic model. In a given year, each additional percentage point of aggregate output growth or investment growth will bring about a 2.6 or a 0.9 per cent increase, respectively, in the rate of inflation for that year. These estimates suggest that the surge in fixed investment accounts almost fully for the 1993–95 inflationary spell.     

A NOTE ON THE TRIMMED MEAN MEASURE OF CORE INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

This paper constructs and analyses the properties of a trimmed mean inflation rate for South Africa. Based on an analysis of the distributions of the consumer price index component price changes, a measure is constructed that provides an estimator of core inflation, which may be particularly useful to policymakers in an inflation‐targeting environment. The trimmed mean estimator focuses on the price movements of individual components that have a strong bearing on the current and future trend of the headline inflation rate, allowing monetary policy to be directed at the persistent or underlying sources of inflationary pressures.     

Inflation Uncertainty and Monetary Policy in China

This paper uses a stochastic volatility model structural break tests with unknown point, and a counterfactual simulation method to discuss the significant decline in inflation uncertainty in China over 1978-2009. We attempt to quantify the contributions of better monetary policy and smaller structural shocks （including demand, supply and policy impacts） on the reduced inflation uncertainty. Empirical results in the present paper suggest that improved monetary policy accounts for only a small fraction of the reduction in inflation uncertainty from the pre-1997 period to the post-1997 period in China. The bulk of the significant moderation in inflation uncertainty arises from smaller shocks. This finding indicates that the quiescence of inflation in China over the past decade could well be followed by a return to a more turbulent inflation era. Therefore, the use of preemptive monetary policy to anchor inflationary expectations and keep moderate inflation uncertainty is warranted.     

Exchange Rate Pass-through in China

During the second half of 2007 and early part of 2008 when there were intense inflationary pressures in China, RMB appreciation was advocated as a means of helping to curb inflation. The effectiveness of appreciation in controlling inflation depends on the impact of exchange rate movements on import and domestic prices. Our analysis finds fairly large and speedy exchange rate pass-through （ERPT） to import prices： 50 and 60percent for the short run and long run, respectively. However, the degree of ERPT decreases along the price chain from upstream to downstream prices. ERPT for consumer prices, the most downstream prices, is much milder and has substantial lags. A 10-percent rise in the nominal effective exchange rate will dampen consumer prices by 1.1 percent within a year, with very little pass-through in the first half year, and by 2.0percent over the long run. These findings, particularly the ERPT to consumer prices, suggest that RMB appreciation can help to reduce inflationary pressures over the longer term. However, it is unlikely to provide rapid relief to the current round of high inflation because of the long lags in ERPZ. The RMB needs to strengthen in effective terms to exert the desired dampening impact on prices.     

Causes of Inflation in China： Inflation Expectations

This paper argues that the main causes of inflation in China since the early 21st century are changes in the public's inflation expectations. The conventional wisdom, the quantity theory of money, may not be adequate to capture the relationship between price changes and money supply growth, as the economic system evolves and people's income and wealth grow. An examination of China's GDP deflator and broad money supply relative to nominal GDP shows that the relationship between the two series is relatively weak. A further examination of China's monthly CPI series over the period 2001–2010 reveals that the autoregressive models are a better fit than the moving average models, which suggests that the role of CPI expectations has been significant and important. Because of the importance of inflation expectations in CPI movement, we believe the Central Bank's monetary policy that targets CPI inflation should emphasize the use of policy instruments that have direct and strong communication links with the public. Quantitative measures would have their own use, but their effectiveness would be unlikely to match that of interest rate measures, especially from a short‐term perspective.     

通货膨胀与股票收益关系的实证分析——对中国股票市场的费雪效应检验

本文利用2001～2011年沪市和深市股票收益率与CPI的月度数据,对两者之间的关系进行了实证分析,结果表明:无论是实际股票收益率还是名义股票收益率与CPI之间都是正相关关系。从而说明,通货膨胀对实际经济增长有刺激作用,股票是抵御通货膨胀的良好投资品。     

我国目前通货膨胀的成因及治理对策

本文首先介绍了通货膨胀的概念、类型及危害;其次,说明了我国目前通货膨胀的主要原因;最后,提出了根治通货膨胀的政策措施。文章的主要目的在于有效遏制通货膨胀,维护国民经济持续、稳定、健康地发展。     

Does high M4 money growth trigger large increases in UK inflation? Evidence from a regime-switching model

March 2007 saw an increase of 3.1% in UK inflation and triggeredthe first explanatory letter from the Governor of the Bank ofEngland to the Chancellor of the Exchequer since the Bank ofEngland was granted operational independence in May 1997. Theletter gave rise to a lively debate on whether policymakersshould pay attention to the link between inflation and M4 moneygrowth. Using UK data since the introduction of inflation targetingin October 1992, we show that: (i) the relationship betweeninflation and M4 growth is not stable over time, and (ii) thetendency of M4 to exert inflationary pressures is conditionalon annual M4 growth exceeding 9.8%. Above this threshold, themoney effect on inflation is very small. The implication isthat the Monetary Policy Committee should not be particularlyworried for not paying close attention to M4 money movementswhen setting interest rates.