全域土地综合整治助力乡村振兴路径研究——以广州石滩镇为例

增城区石滩镇是广州市唯一省级全域土地综合整治试点,本文以石滩镇全域土地综合整治为研究对象,剖析全域土地综合整治对乡村发展的作用机理,探索整治工程助力乡村振兴的有效路径:通过打破镇村边界,促进区域联合发展;通过低效用地腾挪以谋划乡村产业发展平台;用全域统筹视角,对乡村特色资源进行价值转化;引导多元主体、多类资金参与乡村建设等。以期为相关全域土地综合整治工作与乡村振兴提供路径参考。     

廊下镇全域土地综合整治实践和乡村振兴模式探讨

一、研究背景浙江15年来的探索实践表明,土地整治是解决国土空间问题、建设生态宜居的美丽乡村的重要平台和抓手。全域土地综合整治是土地整治的更高级阶段,该项行动是贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想的重要实践,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要抓手,是探索农村土地整治政策的有效途径。     

政策主导下特大城市乡村空间演变特征和作用机理

以上海市大裕村为例,运用参与式乡村评估、景观格局分析和深度访谈等方法,基于"用地—社会—经济"视角,分析政策主导下乡村空间的演变特征和机理.研究发现,该村相继经历缓慢发展、迁村并点和平移归并三个阶段,其用地布局从单一匀质转向区块布局,乡村居民点实现减量集聚、形态趋于规整;村宅内部空间分割加密.主导产业从农业转向多功能复合,村民生计实现多元分化.游客和外来人口的涌入使人口结构外来化,居住模式的分化推动社会关系陌生化.研究指出,政策通过调节空间资源和村民行为,促进土地、人口和产业要素的流动,从而推动空间演变.政策管控范围从"点域"拓展到乡村"全域",优化了外部动力;村民差异化的行为响应是空间多样分化的内部动力.最后认为,政策内容与村民需求的有效匹配是推动乡村空间优化的关键.     

全域土地综合整治重塑上海大都市乡村功能——对上海市规划和自然资源局乡村规划处处长顾守柏的采访

作为上海这样国际化都市乡村地区开展全域土地综合整治,它承担着什么样角色?作为超大城市,上海郊野乡村地区承担着“守底线、保发展”的双重责任,乡村作为上海超大城市的稀缺资源,需要准确把握超大城市和国际化大都市乡村振兴特点,既要引领乡村国土空间布局优化,推动乡村资源要素调整重组,也要以土地综合整治为平台,整合项目资金、实现资源有效配置,稳固耕地保护根基,绘浓生态底色,助力乡村振兴,重塑大城市的乡村功能。     

农村全域土地综合整治工作中的问题及解决策略

当前,我国正处于经济转型、脱贫攻坚的关键阶段,为了更好地缩小城乡发展差距,推动乡村振兴,实现可持续发展,需要将农村全域土地综合整治工作作为当前农村经济建设的重要工作,加强对农村可利用土地资源的挖掘和整理,从而开辟农村新发展新渠道.但是在我国工业化、城镇化、农业现代化一体化发展过程中,出现了各种土地资源问题,比如土地供求矛盾加剧、农村可利用土地零散化分布,土地空间布局混乱,土地资源利用低等问题.因此需要加强农村全域土地综合整治,优化整合农村土地资源,实现农村生产生活、生态的全域治理,最终实现共同富裕目标.     

农村全域土地综合整治工作中的问题及解决策略

当前,我国正处于经济转型、脱贫攻坚的关键阶段,为了更好地缩小城乡发展差距,推动乡村振兴,实现可持续发展,需要将农村全域土地综合整治工作作为当前农村经济建设的重要工作,加强对农村可利用土地资源的挖掘和整理,从而开辟农村新发展新渠道.但是在我国工业化、城镇化、农业现代化一体化发展过程中,出现了各种土地资源问题,比如土地供求矛盾加剧、农村可利用土地零散化分布,土地空间布局混乱,土地资源利用低等问题.因此需要加强农村全域土地综合整治,优化整合农村土地资源,实现农村生产生活、生态的全域治理,最终实现共同富裕目标.     

农村全域土地综合整治工作中的问题及解决策略

当前,我国正处于经济转型、脱贫攻坚的关键阶段,为了更好地缩小城乡发展差距,推动乡村振兴,实现可持续发展,需要将农村全域土地综合整治工作作为当前农村经济建设的重要工作,加强对农村可利用土地资源的挖掘和整理,从而开辟农村新发展新渠道.但是在我国工业化、城镇化、农业现代化一体化发展过程中,出现了各种土地资源问题,比如土地供求矛盾加剧、农村可利用土地零散化分布,土地空间布局混乱,土地资源利用低等问题.因此需要加强农村全域土地综合整治,优化整合农村土地资源,实现农村生产生活、生态的全域治理,最终实现共同富裕目标.     

关于开展土地整治助推乡村振兴战略的思考

党的十九大报告中提出乡村振兴战略部署,是新时代做好"三农"工作的新旗帜和总抓手。在新形势下,如何发挥土地整治在乡村振兴中的作用,是当前土地管理者面临的一个新课题。文章提出通过"土地整治+"的理念,围绕乡村振兴战略的总要求,探索多样化的实施模式,实现经济效益、生态效益、社会效益的多赢,助推实施乡村振兴战略。     

全域土地综合整治推进机制探索与实现路径——以松江区泖港镇试点为例

—、引言相较于传统的以增加耕地数量,提高耕地质量的“点状”土地整治。上海自2011年起逐步探索了“面状”的土地综合整治,具体是通过郊野单元村庄规划增强土地整治与空间规划的紧密性,通过“田、水、路、林、村、厂”等要素在布局上的优化增强土地整治的空间逻辑性,以农用地整理、建设用地复垦和生态环境修复整治为内容,综合实施涉及耕地建设、村庄布局优化、郊野风貌景观提升、水-土-植被一体的生态整治等综合性整治工程,囊括生产、生活、生态并拓展延伸至乡土文化保护传承、乡村产业发展等领域,增强了土地整治空间治理模式的多元性,使得土地综合整治成为一定时期内郊野地区从规划到土地的开发利用保护的实施工具。     

资源紧约束背景下的乡镇国土空间总体规划探索——以庄河市大郑镇国土空间总体规划为例

土地、环境资源的紧约束已经成为未来城镇空间发展的新常态。在这一背景下,如何重构空间规划体系、提高土地利用效率、优化土地资源配置、统筹资源要素布局,促进发展转型升级成为一项值得研究的课题。文章以庄河市大郑镇国土空间总体规划为例,从全域统筹、约束底线、多规合一、综合整治四个方面,探索资源紧约束背景下乡镇国土空间规划体系的重构路径。     

Agglomeration,Agriculture, and the Perspective of the Periphery

Abstract

This paper aims at pulling everything related to ‘agriculture’ or the ‘periphery’ a little more into the focus of research. We try to achieve this through surveying the existing theoretical and empirical literature in the field of NEG (New Economic Geography) in order to elaborate its linkages to immobile factors such as land, land-intensive productive activities, agriculture, rural areas, and the periphery. The main features of the broad variety of NEG models are reviewed with a special focus on the theme of agglomeration, which turns out to be vital for rural areas. All of these contributions are then commented on, with the aim of suggesting and discussing some future lines of research in the field.

Agglomération, agriculture, et la perspective de la périphérie

RÉSUMÉ La présente communication s'efforce de placer davantage tout ce qui concerne ‘l'agriculture’ ou la ‘périphérie’ sous l'optique de la recherche. Pour ceci, nous nous efforçons d'examiner de près les ouvrages théoriques et empiriques existants dans le domaine du NEG (New Economic Geography), afin d'en examiner les rapports avec des facteurs immuables comme la terre, les activités de production à utilisation intensive de la terre, l'agriculture, les zones rurales, et la périphérie. On se penche sur les principales caractéristiques du grand nombre de modèles NEG, en mettant tout particulièrement l'accent sur le thème de l'agglomération, qui s'avère jouer un rôle d'importance primordiale pour les zones rurales. On présente ensuite des commentaires sur toutes ces contributions dans le but de proposer certaines filières de recherche futures dans ce domaine, et d'en discuter.

Aglomeración, agricultura y la perspectiva de la periferia

RÉSUMÉ Este trabajo tiene como objetivo poner todo lo relacionado con la ‘agricultura’ o la ‘periferia’ un poco más en el foco de investigación. Intentamos hacerlo a través de una inspección de la bibliografía teórica y empírica existente en el campo NEG (New Economic Geography), con objeto de elaborar sus vínculos con factores inmóviles, tales como el terreno, actividades productivas que requieren terreno, agricultura, áreas rurales y la periferia. Las principales características de la amplia variedad de modelos NEG se revisan con un enfoque especial en el tema de la aglomeración, que resulta tener una importancia vital para las áreas rurales. Seguidamente, todas estas contribuciones se comentan con el propósito de sugerir y discutir líneas futuras de investigación en el campo.

     

那些人 那些事 那个年代

“一九六零年四月十六号下午三点之前的一分钟你和我在一起,因为你我会记住这一分钟。从现在开始我们就是一分钟的朋友,这是事实,你改变不了,因为已经过去了。”——《阿飞正传》     

Property rights,transaction costs,and the limits of the market

Economics of Governance - To clarify the determinants and interaction of property rights and transaction costs, I study the design of the property rights on either a good whose consensual transfer...     

Graft, Bribes, and the Practice of Corruption

We construct a dynamic model of corruption in organizations where officials privately know their propensity for corruption and clients optimally choose the bribe offered. We show that there is a continuum set of stationary bribe equilibria due exclusively to the dynamic nature of the model and the endogenous determination of bribes. This can explain why similar countries have stable but different "implicit prices" for the same illegal services. We also show that, by not considering the reaction of clients, traditional analysis have systematically overestimated the beneficial effect of increasing wages as an anticorruption measure.     

Power,Subsidiarity, and the Economy of Exclusion

According to Pope Francis, an “economy of exclusion” is an economy with barriers that prevent individuals and groups from participating in the economy and society to their full potential. Power is a key determinant for both exclusion and inclusion. All economies are based on power relations and an “economy of exclusion” is an abuse of power. This contribution looks at what economic power is and how it can build barriers of exclusion or pathways to inclusion. We use income inequality as a measure of exclusion, giving a general history of power and inequality to demonstrate the role of power. Lastly, we look at the concept of subsidiarity in Catholic social thought as a principle to guide the use of power in the economy.     

Malthus,Darwin, and the Descent of Economics

Confusion about overpopulation stems from the writings of Thomas Malthus in 1798. It was compounded by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, both of whom made the Malthusian “struggle for existence” the basis of natural selection in the evolutionary process. Malthus argued, without evidence, that human population growth will continue unchecked until regulated by external factors such as hunger and disease. Darwin and Wallace cemented that idea into evolutionary theory. Recent evolutionary biologists have focused on gene frequency as a way to compare the reproductive success of one individual against another within the same species. However, among humans, the true basis of reproductive success is grounded in control of the resources necessary for survival. Humans sometimes adapt to environmental stress by having more children, not fewer, which means that poverty can cause population growth, not the reverse. Recognizing this simple relationship would have helped Darwin resolve a dilemma at the heart of his theory: his expectation that the most successful members of our species would have the most children, an idea contradicted by his observation of large, poor families among the Irish. The evolutionary puzzle can be solved by observing that providing equal access to land enables humans to limit their own fertility. The problem of equal access can be addressed by implementing Henry George's idea of taxing the value of land, thereby preventing hoarding and gross inequality of wealth.     

Fisher, Keynes, and the Corridor of Stability

A bstract .   This chapter draws on the debt-deflation process of Fisher (1933 ) as well as on Keynes (1936 , chapter 19) and Tobin (1975 , 1980 ) to explore the concept of a corridor of stability, where an economy will be self-adjusting only for demand shocks small enough to leave it within that corridor.     

Exit, selection, and the value of firms

This paper studies a competitive dynamic model with firm level uncertainty and derives implications for the distribution of firm values and Tobin's q. Allowing for entry and exit, the model determines endogenously the degree of selection. A consequence of this selection is that average industry q values are biased above one. As parameters describing the technology and firm level uncertainty are changed, the equilibrium distribution for q values changes. This comparative statics is developed in the paper.