农村留守儿童家庭教育问题与对策探析

农村大量留守儿童的出现是我国社会发展过程中的特有现象。留守儿童的生活现状给他们的学习、生活及心理发展等方面造成了不利影响,其中家庭教育问题更是令人担忧。家庭教育的缺损和不当是留守儿童教育问题产生的最直接最根本原因;学校教育乏力、社会教育环境复杂是留守儿童问题产生的重要因素。解决留守儿童及其家庭教育问题需要家庭、学校和相关政府部门的共同努力。     

浅议农村留守儿童思想道德教育

思想道德教育是儿童教育的重要内容,农村留守儿童是农村的弱势群体。文章概述了农村留守儿童及思想道德的现状,分析了农村留守儿童思想道德存在的主要问题以及产生问题的主要原因。探讨促进农村留守儿童健康成长,加强留守儿童思想道德教育的对策:强化家庭对孩子教育的先导作用;发挥学校思想道德教育的主阵地主渠道作用;营造良好的农村思想道德教育环境;培养农村留守儿童自我调控能力,发挥自身主体作用。     

河南省农村留守儿童教育现状调查与分析

随着我国经济的发展和城镇化进程的加快,越来越多的农村青壮年进入城市,其中一部分孩子随父母涌入城市,但是更多的孩子没有条件随父母流动到城市,只好继续留在在农村,他们由自己的祖父母或其他亲戚照料,这类未成年的特殊的弱势群体称为农村留守儿童。2008年9月,中组部、全国妇联等七部委联合组成调研组前来河南就留守儿童问题进行调研,调研结果显示,目前河南省农村仅14周岁以下的留守儿童就达254万,数量居全国之冠。庞大“留守儿童”群体的出现将对我国经济和社会的持续发展产生熏要影响,必须予以重视。对留守儿童来说最重要的就是教育问题。本文就河南省农村留守儿童教育的现状进行了调查与分析,发现河南省农村留守儿童教育现状堪忧。     

农村留守儿童教育中的政府职责研究

农村留守儿童教育问题是一个日益受到公众关注的社会问题。以政府在农村留守儿童教育中的职责为切入点,在深入分析农村留守儿童教育中的问题及原因的基础上,为政府决策部门提出了解决农村留守儿童教育问题的参考性意见及相应对策。     

我国农村留守儿童的社会成因及对策

农村留守儿童问题不仅是教育方面的问题,而且更是一个重大的社会问题.农村留守儿童的"留守"只是一种暂时的社会病理现象,它主要是在社会制度缺陷、社会经济条件的制约和城乡文化差异的影响下出现的.我们应该从社会制度创新、改善留守儿童家庭经济环境和融合城乡文化等方面着手,从根本上解决农村留守儿童问题.     

农村学龄前留守儿童教育现状的研究

随着我国城市化进程的发展,我国社会发展转型时期出现了一种新的社会群体——农村留守儿童。他们的家庭中父母双方或一方是缺失的,在留守期间,这些儿童会出现各种心理和行为问题,在某种程度上给社会造成了一些消极影响,所以留守学龄儿童的教育、发展问题已引起了社会的广泛关注。从现有的研究资料看,人们大多是将目光放在农村留守学龄儿童的教育问题上,而忽略了学龄前留守儿童特别是由农村转向城镇居住的农村学龄前留守儿童的发展现状,本文则以农村学龄前留守儿童的教育发展为视角,探讨家庭教育弱化对学龄前留守儿童社会化成长的影响。     

农村留守儿童产生的原因、现状与问题

农村留守儿童是一个特殊群体,其产生的根源是城乡经济发展不平街导致的,但是目前存在的教育制度、户籍制度等社会问题也进步限制了农村留守儿童问题解决的途径,农村留守儿童由于长期缺乏有力的监管,造成了一系列的自身发展问题,如他们在教育方面、心理方面、安全方面等都存在一系列的问题。针对目前农村留守儿童存在的问题,需要构建政府、社会、家庭多方面的努力.     

农村“留守儿童”相关问题探究

农村"留守儿童"的教育和成长存在许多问题,其生存现状令人担忧,已成为亟待解决的社会问题。解决这一问题,要靠家庭学校和社会对农村"留守儿童"的共同关注和努力。     

关于西部农村留守儿童教育问题的思考

留守儿童是伴随着城乡一体化建设而产生的群体。本文从家庭、学校和社会教育三个方面分析了西部农村留守儿童的教育现状,认为留守儿童并非"问题儿童",要充分利用留守儿童的自身资源,为留守儿童创造一个温暖、健康的生存环境。     

"留守儿童"教育问题成因及对策研究

关注"留守儿童"现象,成为近年两会代表委员议案提案的一项重要内容。留守儿童教育问题已成为一个严重的社会问题,有关这一问题的成因是多方面的,家庭、学校、政府和社会等各方面应协调合作,构筑起面向留守儿童的一整套完备的社会化服务体系。     

Parental migration,educational achievement,and mental health of junior high school students in rural China

China's rapid development has led to an unprecedented increase in migration rates as an ever-growing number of rural residents migrate to urban areas to seek better job opportunities and help alleviate family poverty. Economic pressures and structural restrictions force many of these migrant workers to leave their children behind in their rural homes, which has led to the emergence and expansion of a new subpopulation in China: left-behind children (LBCs). This study examines the impacts of parental migration on the educational outcomes (specifically math achievement) and mental health (specifically anxiety) of LBCs using data covering 7495 children in a prefecture of Shaanxi Province (from three surveys conducted between 2012 and 2014). We distinguish between “both parents migrating,” “one parent migrating,” “only a father migrating,” and “only a mother migrating.” We also explore the impacts on male versus female LBCs. We find no significant impact of parental migration on the math achievement of LBCs. In terms of mental health, however, our results indicate that left-behind girls were negatively affected by one parent migrating, especially if the migrating parent was the father. The findings suggest that it may not be necessary for policy makers to design special programs to improve educational outcomes of LBCs in general. However, local committees, schools, and parents should pay particular attention to left-behind girls living with only one parent, as they may be more vulnerable to mental health problems than their peers.     

留守儿童更信任他人吗?来自实验经济学的证据

文章采用经典的信任博弈框架,用实验经济学方法比较城市儿童、农村留守儿童和农村非留守儿童的信任行为。实验结果发现,农村留守儿童对他人的信任水平显著高于城市儿童,而农村留守儿童和非留守儿童的信任水平没有显著差异。在控制了性别、民族、兄弟姐妹数量等人口学特征后,农村身份对儿童的信任水平有显著正向影响,父母双方外出务工、一方外出务工对信任水平均无显著影响。从被信任度来看,三组儿童中,城市儿童被信任度最低,农村留守儿童被信任度最高,但考虑人口学特征后,农村身份、留守身份均不影响被信任度。结合儿童在利他实验中的表现,文章还发现在利他行为中表现为无私型的儿童比平等型和恶意型有更高的信任水平。研究结果表明与同年龄城市儿童相比,农村儿童而不仅是农村留守儿童更信任他人。     

The health of left-behind children in rural China

Child health is not only a key indicator of overall quality of public health, but also vital for the future economic development of a country. In recent years, with unprecedented urbanization of China, many children in rural areas have been left behind while their parents migrate to urban areas to seek employment opportunities. Thus, it is considerably important for us to understand the effects of lack of parental care on the health status of left-behind children. Using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we find that the left-behind children in rural areas are significantly 20.0% more likely to get sick or develop chronic conditions than those living with their parents. We also find that girls are more vulnerable than boys and younger children are more vulnerable than older children to lack of parental care.     

Leave behind or migrate? Evidence from a field experiment in China concerning the impact of being left behind/migrating status on children's behaviour and preferences

With the great economic and social development achieved in China in the past 40 years of reform and opening up has come the extensive flow of China's very large rural labour force between urban and rural areas and among regions, as well as populations of left-behind children and migrant children who cannot be ignored. In this paper, four populations—non-left-behind children in rural areas, left-behind children in rural areas, migrant children in urban areas, and local children in urban areas—were recruited in a large-scale field experiment that included the dictator game, ultimatum game, trust game, public goods game, coin-tossing task, intertemporal choice task, a calculation contest task, and a gambling task. Both being left behind and migrating had a negative effect on the children's prosocial behaviour (including fairness, trust, trustworthiness, cooperation, and honesty) and economic decision-making (including time and competition preferences). Moreover, the effect on migrant children was relatively greater, but this effect dissipated progressively as time since migration increased. Additionally, shorter migration distances were associated with a decreased effect of migration on migrant children, and having access to one parent had a positive effect on left-behind children.     

公共政策视角下农村留守儿童问题探析

大量农村剩余劳动力向城市流动使留守儿童与外出父母在时间上、空间上长期隔离,这给留守儿童带来了一系列的问题,农村留守儿童问题单靠个人及家庭的力量无法解决,只有政府制定和完善相关的公共政策,才能从根本上解决。     

农村留守儿童的社会环境安全及保护模式——以浙江省为例

本文分别从人身安全、心理安全、网络安全三个维度研究了浙江省农村留守儿童的安全现状。研究结果显示:浙江省农村留守儿童的人身安全存在隐患,安全意识明显不足;亲情感缺失和人际交往存在困境;而在互联网时代下,其网络受骗、结交网吧不良社会人士等也较为明显。最后,从人身安全、心理安全和网络安全三者结合的维度构建了浙江省留守儿童的社会保护模式。     

Identifying the effects of migration on parental health: Evidence from left-behind elders in China

This study pioneers the application of the New Economics of Labor Migration theory to outline and estimate two opposite effects of labor loss driven by the migration and remittances of adult children on the health of left-behind elderly parents through the changing rural market constraints. We use China's rural household survey data and simultaneous equation econometric techniques to estimate the effects of migration on the physical and mental health of left-behind elders. Results indicate that the loss of labor due to migration has a significantly negative effect on the health of left-behind elders, but remittances from migrants can compensate for the adverse effect. This study provides a comprehensive understanding that remittances from migration relax the constraints on household resource allocations in undeveloped rural areas with imperfect market conditions. Overall, left-behind elderly parents benefit from migrant children both physically and mentally.     

社会主义新农村建设中“留守子女”教育问题的思考

近几年,农村剩余劳动力的大规模转移,导致了一大批享受不到父母关爱、得不到学校良好教育的农民工“留守子女”这一特殊群体的出现,并逐步引起社会越来越多的关注。     

Left behind,at-risk,and vulnerable elders in rural China

Migration of any distance separates family members for long periods of time. In China, institutional legacies continue to privilege the migration of working-age individuals who often leave children and elders behind in the rural areas. Up to now, the literature has treated children and elders analogously, labeling each group as “left-behind.” We argue that analysis of elder stayers needs to be more nuanced, distinguishing among differing groups of elders. Of these groups, those living alone without any adult children in the village are most at risk, while those living with other non-migrant adult children are much less affected by migration. Another group of elders, clearly affected by migration, are those caring for their grandchildren while the children's parents have migrated. Members of this latter group need to be distinguished from those living alone as they are dissimilar in many fundamental ways (age, working status, marital status) and face a very different set of challenges from those left behind (perhaps frail) and alone.