The situation in currency markets in the CIS countries in 2009

The situation with currency markets in the CIS countries in 2009 was characterized by considerable fluctuations in national currencies against the background of the major problems in the financial sector, economic recession in most countries, slowing inflation in the consumer market, and deflation in prices of manufactured goods.     

Spoorwegen in Europa en in Amerika

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Women in rural development in Venda

Women frequently constitute the largest section of the adult population in rural communities of developing areas. For this reason, rural development can only take place if women at grassroots level are drawn to the centre of the arena, and their traditional concerns recognised and used as the starting point. In Venda, this approach is showing some positive results.     

Gender Differences in Schooling in Indonesia

Despite almost universal primary education in Indonesia, and increasing female educational participation, gender differences remain in access to Indonesian education. This paper attempts to measure and explain these differences at primary and secondary level in Indonesia's provinces between 1980 and 1985. It examines the relationship between provincial school enrolment ratios for males and females and four factors: school availability, formal sector employment, ‘drop-out’ patterns and marriage patterns. School availability is found to be a strong predictor of enrolment levels, and stronger for females than for males. Relationships between enrolment patterns and the other three factors appear less clear cut.     

五月,黄水林海春正浓千野火棘花似雪

5月,主城气温持续走高,春天的脚步渐远,夏天悄然而至.而此时的石柱黄水春意正浓,在那里,依然可以清晰地聆听到春天的花语,即使在一米阳光之内,也能感受到春天的美丽. 踏青赏花揽春色,风景这边独好 以“万亩森林、万亩石芽、万亩草场、万亩火棘”四大景观著称的千野草场,这时候总是澄澈的蓝天陪衬着悠悠白云,碧绿的草地映衬着逍遥牛羊.这里不但有北国草原的粗犷,亦有南方草地的妩媚.     

Gender Inequality in Employment in Mozambique

We investigate the gender employment gap in the expanding non‐subsistence sector of the economy in Mozambique, a country still characterized by a large subsistence agricultural sector. We show evidence that the gender gap has widened over time and we identify two structural factors strongly associated with it. One factor is the still relatively lower level of female human capital, with less attained education, as well as literacy and Portuguese proficiency rates. The lower conditional employment probabilities of married women, as compared with men, is the other factor. These findings point at expanding women´s education and facilitating the access of married women to the emerging labour market as the most effective ways of achieving a more inclusive growth path that does not leave women behind.     

贺年游齐鲁 17城市·贺年游产品精品集锦

济南1、悠活2人行D1:趵突泉、泉城广场、船游泉城、五龙潭、曲水亭街、大明湖新区、泉乐坊,品鲁菜风味餐、济南特色小吃,观《明湖曲韵》。     

Hysteresis in unemployment in the Netherlands

Summary The Dutch labour market situation in the eighties can be characterized by the hysteresis phenomenon, i. e. a rising natural rate of unemployment as a result of the rise of actual unemployment in the past. It appears that the hysteresis phenomenon is more important in The Netherlands than in France and the United States and as relevant as in Germany and the United Kingdom. Because of the steep rise of unemployment in The Netherlands the natural rate of unemployment may have risen more than in Other European countries. As a consequence, the wage depressing effect of the current high unemployment rate has diminished rapidly.I thank J.C. Siebrand, D.P. Broer and C.B. Mulder for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper.     

新疆外贸行业市场结构变动分析

随着我国对外开放力度不断加大,内外环境不断改善,外贸行业准入门槛有所下降,新疆外贸企业数量不断增长,促进了新疆对外贸易规模呈现不断增长趋势,尤其是与中亚国家的贸易额不断上升。与此同时,2005年-2010年期间,新疆对外贸易的市场结构总体上竞争性下降,且出口部门和进口部门有显著差异。随着企业数量的增加,出口业务向更多的外贸企业分散,拉低了平均出口规模;同时,在局部上也呈现出口业务向位居前列的外贸企业集中的局面,即新疆外贸出口企业呈集团化发展态势;进口额的增长速度高于外贸企业数量增幅,且进口业务呈现向少数外贸企业集中的趋势,竞争性下降,垄断性增强。     

投资武汉 收获精彩 访武汉华商恒地置业等五家公司的董事长李必胜

在武汉的商业圈中，提起李必胜，大家都爱用“温文尔雅”来形容他，SMEIF记者与李必胜初次谋面，也被他宽厚温雅的特质所吸引。这是久经商场,遍历人生,透悟生命之后,从内而外自然散发出的一份干练成熟、睿智与凝重。     

Black-White Disparities in Care in Nursing Homes

Nursing homes serve many severely ill poor people, including large numbers of racial/ethnic minority residents. Previous research indicates that blacks tend to receive care from lower quality nursing homes. Using the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of racial-ethnic disparities, this study decomposes nursing home disparities into within and across facility components. Using detailed person-level nursing home data, we find meaningful black-white disparities for one of the four risk-adjusted quality measures, with both within and across nursing home components of the disparity. The IOM approach, which recognizes mediation through payer status and education, has a small effect on measured disparities in this setting. Although we did not find disparities across the majority of quality measures and alternate disparity definitions, this approach can be applied to other health care services in an effort to disentangle the role of across and within facility variation and the role of potential mediators on racial/ethnic disparities.     

Trade in Services in the Asia-Pacific Region

After a discussion of definitional issues, such as the distinction between sales of services from the home base and from offshore establishments, the article surveys the literature on various policy issues in relation to trade in services, including those associated with the incorporation of services in the GATT, as well as others concerned with particular sectors. The article documents from the literature that developing countries can be internationally competitive suppliers of many services, which suggests that they stand to gain from a more liberal service trade regime.     

Long-term trends in income distribution in Pakistan

Household budget surveys taken during the 1960s in (West) Pakistan indicate improving income distribution during the period. Yet, the popular perception was that income distribution was worsening. Data on wages and earnings in various sectors are examined to see if they confirm or deny this improving trend, and to examine the trends in distribution since the last survey in 1972. In general, the wage and earnings data confirm the trend towards an improving distribution of income during the 1960s, but suggest that distribution may have worsened during the 1970s. These trends, furthermore, seem to be clearly linked to government policies which influenced the pattern of growth during both periods, as well as real wages in different sectors.