我国银行技术风险评级体系研究

金融信息化的“双刃剑”效应，使其在给银行带来各种竞争优势和利益的同时，也给银行业带来了各种与信息技术应用相关的风险——银行技术风险。发达国家商业银行和银行监管当局，已经针对银行技术风险的特点和危害，建立了比较规范的技术风险识别、评估、管理、控制和监管体系。本文在借鉴了国外银行技术风险管理的经验、方法与成果的基础上，结合我国银行技术风险评级的特点，设计了我国银行技术风险评级体系，包括评级模型、指标设计、指标权重设计和评级方法等，并指出在实施该评级体系时应考虑的几个问题。     

银行业评级方法:综述与监管借鉴

外部机构对商业银行评级的作用越来越大,这类银行评级已成为银行授信、风险管理和资本监管等决策依据之一,各国监管当局也都在不同程度运用评级体系强化对商业银行的有效监管。与国际上银行业评级发展历史相比,     

我国银行技术风险评级体系研究

金融信息化的“双刃剑”效应,使其在给银行带来各种竞争优势和利益的同时,也给银行业带来了各种与信息技术应用相关的风险——银行技术风险。发达国家商业银行和银行监管当局,已经针对银行技术风险的特点和危害,建立了比较规范的技术风险识别、评估、管理、控制和监管体系。本文在借鉴了国外银行技术风险管理的经验、方法与成果的基础上,结合我国银行技术风险评级的特点,设计了我国银行技术风险评级体系,包括评级模型、指标设计、指标权重设计和评级方法等,并指出在实施该评级体系时应考虑的几个问题。     

声誉视角下的商业银行风险评级问题

本文回顾了声誉理论一些重要的研究成果，指出声誉机制对于信息不对称条件下银行的审慎经营提供了一种激励，分析了银行声誉减轻银行违规动机的作用，提出银行风险评级是一种重要的声誉机制，可以促进银行自律和自发降低金融风险。我国监管当局应结合银行业发展趋势和我国银行业现实经营状况，充分借鉴CAMELS评级等较为科学的评级方法和其他国家银行风险评级经验，对现有非现场监管指标体系进一步优化，建立起科学、完善的银行风险评级系统。     

以本土化原则开发商业银行内部评级系统

作为《新资本协议》核心的内部评级法将成为银行风险管理和资本监管的主流模式。所以，我国银行业为适应《新资本协议》的监管要求，应尽快建立与之相一致的内部评级系统。目前，监管部门和各家银行特别是大银行已开始着手相关方面的研究并进行着前期的准备工作。坚持本土化的原则，开发商业银行的内部评级系统，具体包括：夯实数据基础；研究、开发本土化的内部评级模型；加强内部评级系统的测试、优化、升级和维护；优化贷款业务流程；实现与其他系统的对接与嵌入。     

国际评极机构的银行信用评级原理、方法及其局限

近年来，基于国际金融风险程度的不断加深，IMF，BIS和许多国家的金融监管当局都不同程度地运用信用评级的方法加强金融监管，产银行也开始注重利用信用评级机构的评极结构来改善银行的经营管理，信用评级的服务范围开始扩展到金融监管领域，目前，中国人民银行也开始着手将信用评级制度引入对商业银行的审慎监管过程，以完善我国的金融监管制度，提高监管效率，基于这一背景，我们对国际信用评级机构磁于银行信用评级（包括个体评级，支持评级和债务评级）的原理和方法进行了总结，并对其局限性进行分析和评论。     

信用评级机构监管问题研究

此次金融危机中信用评级机构的拙劣表现表明,仅靠信用评级业的行业自律是不够的,信用评级机构应当被纳入金融监管的范畴.目前,我国信用评级机构所承载的社会功能尚未得到充分发挥,我国信用评级机构监管体系仍然存在诸多问题.借鉴发达国家的经验与教训,我国应建立健全信用评级法律法规体系,尽快明确信用评级的监管组织体系,制定信用评级行...     

我国国有商业银行内部评级体系的构建

新巴塞尔资本协议作为各国监管机构和银行界配置资本的指导性文件，为商业银行实施风险管理，提高国际竞争力指出了明确的方向，内部评级法作巴塞尔协议的核心内容，已经在全球先进商业银行得到了广泛的应用。本文从我国国有商业银行内部评级应用的进展以及与国际先进银行的差距出发，探讨如何构建国有商业银行内部评级体系。     

保险公司风险评级体系在监管中的作用

近日,中国银监会推出了《股份制商业银行风险评级体系(暂行)》(以下简称《评级体系》),为进一步加强银行业的监管提供了新的手段。作为银行监管框架的重要组成部分,《评级体系》以防范风险为目的,通过对股份制     

我国银行信用评级的培育和发展

银行信用评级发展中存在的主要问题 银行信用评级的环境急待培育和改善。由于我国尚处于向市场经济转型阶段，很多商业银行身上的计划色彩还很浓，再加上我国资本市场尚不健全，评级对上市公司经营的影响作用还没有充分显现，另外我国商业银行发行债务筹资的情况也不多，因此各银行对于银行评级的发展及作用还不甚了解。除了个别希望在国外上市的银行比较注重国外机构对自己的评级外，大部分商业银行在国内的经营中并没有真正认识到评级的意义，更谈不上在发展中受到评级的约束。此外，监管当局对银行评级的认识也处于初步阶段，对银行评级的要求、实践和评级结果的运用还远远不够。这些都表明我国银行评级的环境还需要进一步培育和改善。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.