Extending hot authentication: Imagining fantasy space

Fantasy fiction inspires many tourists to seek out and explore sites associated with the originality and inspiration of the production of texts. This paper investigates how both tourists and tourism providers infuse their authentication of urban legends about the inspiration for Harry Potter locations with imagination and (dis)belief. The study extends the theory of hot authentication and assesses author inspiration as an object of tourist desire. Data analysis includes TripAdvisor reviews of the Shambles in York and semi-structured interviews with fantasy tourism providers. We identify four categories of belief in urban legends: heightened belief, uncertainty, disbelief, and the suspension of disbelief. Our findings demonstrate how hot authentication involves off-centred universe-building which transforms historic streets and simulacra into magical loci.     

Using a Delphi approach to identify managers' preferences for visitor interpretation at Canterbury Cathedral World Heritage Site

Religious heritage sites have seen a remarkable increase in tourist visitation. To cater for the changing, and sometimes conflicting needs of visitors, many religious sites are developing interpretive plans to enhance the provision of on-site experiences. Interpretive plans are normally negotiated between the owners/managers of a site and an interpretation team. This study uses a Delphi approach to ‘negotiate’ owner/management preferences regarding key interpretive topics and themes to inform the development of a visitor interpretive plan for the Canterbury Cathedral World Heritage Site. Sixty-eight interpretive topics were reduced to twenty-one grouped under three themes: past, present and future spiritual development; aesthetic and architectural features; and the cathedral as a working community. The usefulness of the Delphi approach as a means to negotiate a consensus view of owners/managers' interpretive priorities and preferences within a planning context is discussed. Methodological issues arising when using a Delphi approach are also addressed.     

Conflicting preferences among tourists and residents

In this paper we present the results of a choice modelling (CM) experiment designed to estimate preferences of residents and tourists in Alghero, Sardinia (Italy). In 2004 Sardinia’s regional government introduced a set of reforms on coastal development and environmental protection that had important consequences for the tourism industry. The CM experiment took place in 2006, and aimed to study both resident’s and tourists’ preferences regarding the 2004 reform and other tourist development alternatives. We also assess the hypothesis that the perceived social and environmental effects of tourism differ among classes of respondents. The analysis indicates that there are conflicting preferences within the host community as well as between the host community and tourists. This creates a mismatch between residents’ supply and tourists’ demand of recreational services that needs to be addressed to promote the best tourist development strategy. It also shows that the 2004 reform is not such an effective strategy as it matches neither resident’s nor tourists’ preferences.     

Using Space Syntax to Assess the Built Environment for Physical Activity: Applications to Research on Parks and Public Open Spaces

The application of space syntax as a method for examining the role of spatial configuration on people's behavior has been widespread in several disciplines, such as urban design and architecture. However, the ideas and procedures of space syntax have rarely been applied in studies within the field of public health or leisure studies. This article briefly introduces the principles of space syntax and describes how space syntax can extend previous knowledge regarding associations between the built environment and physical activity with specific applications to research on parks and public open spaces.     

Tourism,Urban Governance and Public Space

Abstract

This paper considers the relationship between tourism development, urban governance and urban public space. It focuses on the way that ‘new urban governance’ mediates the activities and interests of mobile capital and consumption on the one hand, and the spaces of everyday life on the other which are increasingly subject to ‘urban renaissance’ strategies and spectacularizations as tourist attractions. By drawing on research undertaken in York, England, the paper illustrates the socio‐spatial issues at stake for urban centres that have used tourism and culture as major drivers of economic development. Finally, it challenges the axiomatic status of the local/tourist dualism in various tourism management discourses as being inadequate for understanding how tourism articulates with socio‐spatial mobility generally, and how this raises difficult issues in relation to urban citizenship and the governance of urban public space.     

Existing urban management frameworks and heritage conservation in Indonesia

This paper describes the existing urban management system in Indonesia and examines its potential to assist in conserving tourist‐historic cities. Government structure, legal mechanisms, spatial urban development plans, and development control measures are reviewed to see how each of them might contribute to heritage conservation. It is suggested that all of these have potential for this cause and should be considered by politicians, conservation activists, and tourism planners in their decision‐making processes.     

Writing out the tourist in space and time

This paper examines the ways in which travel writing manages the distinction between traveler and tourist. In exploring this complex literary genre, the study also tries to account for its continued popularity as a promotional medium. By writing out the tourist via the universal categories of space and time, writers can appeal to the anti-tourist who resides in every tourist. The metaphor of a journey to the timeless periphery may also strike a chord in many a reader since it speaks of life itself as a form of travel. By way of illustration, typical works of three contemporary, Anglophone travel writers are selected and compared.     

The impact of tour quality and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: The case of Chinese tourists in Korea

This study examines the causal relationship between tourist expectations, tourist motivations, tour quality, tourist satisfaction, tourist complaints and tourist loyalty of Chinese tourists in the Republic of Korea using path analysis. It was found that tourist expectations have a negative effect on the perceived experiential quality of the tour, yet tourist motivation has a positive effect on the perceived tour quality. In turn, the perceived tour quality has a positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Similarly there is an inverse relationship between satisfaction and tourist complaints, and a positive relationship exists between satisfaction and loyalty. Equally, the higher is the number of complaints, the lower are the loyalty levels. These results will provide potential guidelines for inbound tour agents who plan to attract Chinese tourists to Korea and enable them to formulate appropriate strategies. This study also seeks to contribute to conceptual and policy formation by understanding the determinants of tourist satisfaction and loyalty.     

Built environment and urban cruise tourists' mobility

The article studies the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and the spatial behaviour of cruise passengers in a city. For this purpose, the mobility of cruise passengers visiting the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) is monitored by means of GPS tracking technologies and analysed through the use of GIS. Consideration has been given to diverse and multiple indicators related to the syntax of the urban space, its physical attributes, the economic activity and the visibility of tourist points of interest. Results show that the visibility of tourist points of interest and the type of economic activity have more influence than other factors related to the characteristics of the urban layout. The resulting information is particularly valuable for city management.     

A spatial approach for the management of groundwater quality in tourist destinations

Water resources and tourism need to be thought of in an integrated way, in order to provide urban planners and tourism managers with tools to promote water security and water equity. The objective of this paper was to apply an index capable of identify problems at the water-tourism interface, based on a spatial approach in GIS, meant to support the management of groundwater quality in tourist destinations. This index was applied to a tourist destination in northeastern Brazil, which uses groundwater to maintain its tourism infrastructure. The geographic phenomenon analyzed showed a spatial pattern between water use and tourism, with probable influences in hydrochemistry of groundwater. We suggest that the use of the propose index associated to GIS may be part of strategic planning efforts contemplating the interaction between tourism, urban management and water security, thus guaranteeing the infrastructure essential to strengthening the economy of a tourist destination.     

The invention of the Barcelona Gothic Quarter

The Barcelona Gothic Quarter was re-constructed in the twentieth century. Although theoretically historic monuments refer back to past epochs, in many cases they were produced recently. In Barcelona, medieval buildings were restored in a gothic style, while other historic buildings and facades were moved stone-by-stone into the area and ordinary residential houses were removed and replaced by seemingly historic buildings. As a result, the new Gothic Quarter seems to be a space which is completely medieval but was actually re-built between 1927 and 1970. This re-creation was meant both as an example of the invention of tradition in the context of Catalan nationalism and as a way to promote the city through spectacular historic monuments, irrespective of whether they were materially authentic. In this context, this article focuses on the second phase of this process, in the commoditisation of heritage alongside city marketing, stressing the relationship between the touristic promotion and the production of urban space. It also examines the principal reconstructions in the neighbourhood and how this process of changing a residential area into a space for tourist consumption were the first signs of gentrification in Barcelona.     

旅游利用下历史街区文化景观符号意义与建构——以北京前门大街为例

历史街区承载了城市的历史信息和文化印记，主要表征为特色鲜明的文化景观。过去40年，快速城市化和工业化改变了城市面貌，也影响了历史街区保护利用的进程。历史街区一旦变成旅游景观，符号化就成为了历史街区进行旅游发展和空间重构的主导逻辑。本研究以前门大街为案例地，通过对马蜂窝网站中游客分享照片的检索和整理，利用符号学和扎根理论方法分析了旅游利用背景下历史街区文化景观符号的意义表达，并对此过程中的符号建构与解读机制进行剖析。本研究从主客体两视角出发，深化既有研究并得出以下结论：前门大街通过指索符号、建筑符号、街道符号和商业符号共同表征这一空间。街道功能多样化和城市地位转变是符号建构与解读的具体语境，符号系统的建构存在多个权力主体，不同价值的符号其建构方式也有所不同。符号的解读需要旅游者的身体参与，当旅游地建构的符号与旅游者获得的符号存在一致性的时候，意味着文化景观符号意义被正确地接受和解读。     

Tourist Perceptions of Heritage Exhibits: A Comparative Study from Israel

It is common in tourism and leisure literature to define and approach tourism subgroups in terms of the presence of the tourists in certain spaces. This approach is challenged in the present paper. It is argued that the understanding of heritage tourism should be based on the link between the individual and the space, namely tourist perceptions of a site relative to their own heritage. Based on a study dealing with visitation patterns to places where historic artefacts are presented, it is suggested that tourist perception is key to the understanding of visitation patterns. It is not so much the artefacts the tourists see or observe, but the meaning they ascribe to them. The theoretical implications of this argument are discussed in terms of tourism in general and heritage tourism in particular, as well as the practical applications to cultural heritage management.     

Investigating the motivation–experience relationship in a dark tourism space: A case study of the Beichuan earthquake relics,China

This study identifies implications of dark tourism and describes how tourists and destinations, which are principal collateral cores, define what constitutes “dark” travel. The study also examines the dimensions of dark tourism motivation and experience and finds that the former partly affects the latter. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis aimed to examine why tourists approach and engage with disaster sites and how such experiences may affect tourists motivation and emotional reaction. It is the first paper that applies structural equation modelling to dark tourism research. We focus on the causal relationships between dimensions of motivation and experience, and the relationship that the emotional reactions effect on tourist experiences. We find that the curious visitors are likely to engage cognitively by learning about the incident or related issues and tourists' emotional reaction to the “dark” space influence more heavily emotional tourist experiences than cognitive experiences do.     

Using tracking technology to improve marketing: insights from a historic town in Tasmania,Australia

ABSTRACT

This study examines the movement patterns of different market segments in an historic town. It combines traditional visitor surveys with a bespoke tourist tracking application. Two analytical stages were undertaken. The first involved analyzing the movements of tourist segments and revealed that “heritage” tourists tended to visit for the shortest lengths of time. The second phase revealed that a visit of between one and two hours seemed to provide the best opportunity to explore the village fully, while shorter and longer stays did not. The insights challenge traditional notions that heritage-oriented tourists should form the target market for historic communities.     

Foresight in designing sun-beach destinations

Foresight tools have been less used than forecasting methods by tourism planners because they seem to provide little added value to the planning process. To overcome this biased perception, this paper shows the potential of foresight for dealing with tourism development issues burdened by complexity and uncertainty, as well as its capability to bring down analysis from global challenges to local and spatial implications. A model framework is presented to incorporate foresight studies into the process of planning and designing tourist destinations. The model facilitates a gradual transition from a narrative vision to the spatial design of a future destination. Stakeholders play a very important role in the proposed model, being involved throughout the process in identifying future trends, formulating visions and helping to design urban patterns. In order to facilitate stakeholders' involvement, various analytical and design tools are used to envision the future development of tourist destinations.     

基于场景理论的历史文化街区文化价值识别——以苏州平江路为例

消费转向下场景文化价值具备集聚创意人群、促进空间转型发展的功能。识别历史文化街区场景文化价值有利于促进街区空间活力提升、推动城市更新发展。本研究基于场景理论，利用扎根理论研究手段，在实证研究苏州平江历史文化街区的基础上，构建适用于历史文化街区场景文化价值识别方法，研究结果显示：（1）平江历史文化街区场景领袖魅力突出、传统要素凸显，形成迷人的本土化体验性空间；（2）历史文化街区场景文化价值可通过合法性、戏剧性、真实性等3大维度的25个指标进行识别；（3）历史文化街区场景舒适物涵盖自然景观、有形文化和消费娱乐设施等3类，其与环境氛围分别构成场景的“形”与“韵”，经由感知/认知、消费、个人信息加工处理转换为“感”，即个体情感记忆，进而识别场景文化价值。研究通过场景文化价值识别过程丰富场景理论在历史文化街区这一特定空间的应用，也为平江历史文化街区衡量其场景特征与规划定位之间的差异程度提供参考。     

区域间城市旅游经济的溢出分析——以珠江三角洲城市群为例

城市旅游经济相互依赖、相互联系的现象,可以归纳为区域间城市旅游经济增长而产生的溢出问题.本文在对旅游溢出效应分析的基础上,尝试构建了城市问旅游经济的溢出模型,并以珠江三角洲城市群为例,对城市间旅游经济相互溢出,各变量对城市旅游经济的溢出效应进行综合分析.     

城市历史地段旅游开发中吸引力—承载力矩阵的应用——以南京内秦淮河历史地段为例

城市历史地段既是城市旅游的一部分,又是城市文化遗产的重要构成.协调城市历史地段的遗产保护与旅游开发是困扰城市发展的一个难题.本文以吸引力-承载力矩阵为研究工具,结合实地调查,剖析南京内秦淮河历史地段的市场吸引力和遗产承载力,为城市历史地段的遗产旅游开发提供建议和指导.