中国上市公司管理层收购股权定价研究

管理层收购中的股权定价问题是备受争议的一个焦点问题。文章以1997年至2007年我国实施了管理层收购的22家上市公司总计34次股权转让价格为作为研究样本,对每股收购价格和每股净资产的关系进行了统计检验。我们的实证检验发现,每股收购价格并不显著低于收购前最后一次经审计的每股净资产。单从每股净资产的角度来讲,并不能说股权出让方存在资产流失现象。我们的实证检验还发现,不存在管理层利用会计手段在MBO之前突击调减每股净资产以降低收购成本的现象,实行管理层收购的上市公司每股净资产的增长速度虽然是下降的,但其绝对值仍是增长的。最后探讨了我国上市公司管理层收购股权的正确定价机制。     

增发再融资的影响因素及其中长期表现

文章从财务指标的角度,运用Logit模型对增发再融资的影响因素进行了考察,研究发现,上市公司增发的融资决策与增发前的净资产收益率(ROE)、总资产增长率呈现正相关关系。在此基础上,我们通过增发前后四个财务指标(ROE、总资产增长率、资产负债率与每股经营现金净流量)的对比,进一步发现增发后公司的盈利能力出现明显下滑,增发公司经理层在增发前存在盈余管理的可能性;增发后公司出现总资产增长率明显降低,而每股经营现金净流量显著上升的情况。因此,应该警惕上市公司的代理成本问题,如在职消费、投资净现值为负的项目或高风险项目。     

每股净资产调整差异对盈利能力的影响分析

本文针对“调整后股净资产”这一财务指标，采用实证研究的方法，多角度地分析了调整差异对上市场公司盈利能力的影响，不仅初频验证了每股净资产差异率与盈利能力的正相关关系，而且通过数学推导和实例检验证实：一般情况下，每骨净资产调整差异（特别是其中的潜亏项目）对当期ＲＯＥ定会产生负面影响。     

农业上市公司获利能力与政府补助关系的实证分析

文章运用我国37家农业上市公司2006-2009年的面板数据,分析了该时间范围内农业上市公司获利能力与政府补助之间的关系。分析结果表明:政府补助与每股收益存在正相关性,在5%的显著水平下通过了检验,但影响系数很小;而政府补助与每股净资产没能通过检验,但主营业务收入与每股净资产显著相关。进一步说明,政府补助在很小的程度上影响了农业上市公司的获利能力,而净利润的增加并未带动股东权益的增加,企业价值没能实现。     

会计信息的价值相关性研究

实施现行会计准则后,会计信息整体的价值相关性提高。每股净资产和每股收益都有增量价值相关性且每股收益的价值相关性高于每股净资产,利润表信息仍然强于资产负债表信息;公允价值的价值相关性高于历史成本,为信息使用者提供更多的信息。     

机构股权投资者收购公告的市场反应实证分析

本文采用累计超常收益法,利用1997年～2003年间的样本,实证研究了国内流通股市场对机构股权投资者收购公告的反应。结果表明:从上市公司发布机构股权投资者收购公告前2～3个月开始,目标上市公司流通股的累计平均超常收益就显著上升;而国有机构股权投资者收购公告的市场反应显著大于民营机构股权投资者收购公告的市场反应。通过相关关系检验和回归分析,发现目标上市公司的流通股规模、每股收益和每股净资产等变量对累计超常收益有显著影响。     

股权流通性改善对高管激励机制的影响——来自中国股权分置改革前后高管薪酬的证据

以往对股改前上市公司的研究表明,高管薪酬与公司业绩不相关或相关度不高。通过对比股权分置改革前后高管薪酬的情况,本文实证分析了股权分置改革对高管激励机制的影响。我们发现,与股改前相比,上市公司高管薪酬与业绩的敏感性显著提高;与未股改公司相比,股改公司高管薪酬与业绩的敏感性更高。本文论证了股权流通性改善对于完善高管薪酬激励制度的积极意义,为全面评估股权分置改革与理解高管薪酬的制度约束提供了经验证据。     

后股权分置时代我国上市公司现金股利实证研究——基于信息行业数据

2005年4月到2006年底股权分置改革已基本完成,至此我国资本市场进入了后股权分置时代.目前在我国上市公司现金股利政策的相关研究中,以行业数据为样本的专门性研究很少.本文以2008年度发放现金股利信息行业上市公司的数据为研究对象,对其现金股利政策的影响因素进行了实证研究.结果表明:每股收益、每股经营现金流量净额、净资产收益率与现金股利支付水平相关度不高,每股净资产与每股现金股利相关性较强.     

基于Logistic回归的中国创业板上市公司信用风险度量研究

本文以我国创业板20家上市公司为研究样本,利用其2011年一季度的财务数据,通过运行SPSS 17.0软件,建立Logistic回归模型,对每一家上市公司考虑其经营状况,根据对财务指标的曼一惠特尼检验结果,建立了包括净资产收益率、主营业务收入、净资产、总资产、每股净资产、每股现金流6项财务指标的Logistic预测模型.     

中国上市公司IPO负面效应分析

本文对深沪上市公司主营业务利润、利润总额、净资产收益率和每股收益等4项指标在IPO前2年、当年和IPO后3年共6年间变化情况做了实证研究。结论是：中国上市公司存在比较明显的IPO负面效应。为此,本文分析了造成上市公司IPO负面效应的原因,提出了抑制IPO负面效应的具体措施。     

Ein ökonometrisches Quartalsmodell für den monetären Sektor der österreichischen Wirtschaft

Summary This paper describes the development of a quarterly econometric model for the monetary sector oft the Austrian economy. The model consists of 8 behavioural equations and 3 definitions. The equations were estimated by OLS using absolute differences on an annual basis of quarterly time series data. The sample period covers 44 quarters (1^st quarter of 1960 to 4^th quarter of 1970).Behavioural equations were estimated for three components of bank reserves: net free reserves, borrowing from the central bank and short-term net foreign position. The instruments of central bank policy (discount rate, minimum reserve requirements and open market operations), changes in net foreign assets of the central bank and bank deposits constitute important determinants of these reserve components. Central bank borrowing and net foreign assets appear to be planned aggregates, whereas net free reserves have a more residual character. A further equation explains banks' net investment in long-term fixed-interest securities (bonds). Another group of equations was estimated for non-banks' demand for money (defined in the wide sense). Separate equations exist for currency, demand deposits and (private) saving deposits (no satisfactory explanation could be found for time deposits). These monetary aggregates are determined as usual by income variables (the distribution of disposible income between wage and non-wage income) and by the interest rate (effective interest rate of newly issued bonds). Several additional variables improved the degree of explanation. Finally, total bank loans were found to be determined by fixed and inventory investment and by loans from abroad.These structural equations form a linear recursive system which can be solved via reduced form. In order to study the properties of the model several tests were performed. The dynamic solution (values generated by the model were used for lagged endogenous variables) shows that errors do not cumulate in the course of time. As an, example of multiplier analysis the effects of a change in the net foreign reserve assets of the central bank on several endogenous variables are considered. Policy simulations are run for the cases of changes in the discount rate, in minimum reserve requirements and disposible income (e. g. as a result of a change in income tax rate).From the satisfactory results of these tests we conclude that our model represents the structure of the Austrian monetary sector quite well.

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Die Verfasser danken Herrn Professor Dr.E. Streissler für zahlreiche Anregungen.     

知识价值增值能力研究——基于黑龙江省上市公司的证据

采用市账率指标测量企业的知识资本,并利用净资产和净利润指标分别测算了企业的有形资产和价值,将线性回归模型和二因素方差分析相结合,构建了知识价值增值能力测量模型。以2010年黑龙江省21家上市公司为样本,对知识与价值增值能力之间的关系进行了实证研究。实证分析结果表明:知识对价值形成的影响是间接的,知识通过促进有形资产的价值增值能力提升而实现价值增值;当企业的资产规模较大时,知识与有形资产在价值增值上存在交互效应,知识能够极大提高有形资产的价值增值能力;当企业资产规模较小时,知识的价值增值能力不显著。     

CAPITAL MAINTENANCE AND THE MEASUREMENT OF CORPORATE INCOME

This paper considers the impact upon measures of corporate income of a number of concepts of the maintenance of the existing capital of an incorporated trading enterprise. A main distinction is drawn between the maintenance of all the assets employed in trading and the maintenance of the net assets attributable to the owners. Measures of income and of rates of return to capital depend on whether all the assets, or only the net assets attributable to the owners, are being considered. There are three sections of the paper after an introduction. Section 2 is conceptual and section 3 illustrates the concepts, with figures for U.K. manufacturing industry in 1975 to 1977, in which the figures in company balance sheets are adjusted from book values to estimated replacement cost, and estimates are made of depreciation at replacement cost and of the consumption of stock (inventories) at replacement cost. These figures follow the concept of maintaining physical assests. I have added calculations which extend the concept of capital maintenance to all operating or trading assets, including monetary working capital; and which then calculate the amounts necessary to maintain the assets attributable to the owners of a business. The three main methods are: to apply a gearing adjustment to abate the additional capital maintenance provisions for operating assets (which are realized revaluations by reference to their original cost); to take into income additionally the geared (or debt financed) portion of unrealized revaluations; and-what is conceptually much the same thing-to count as the charge for debt only real interest (which may be negative) rather than nominal interest. Section 4 considers some problems of aggregation, particularly the derivation of aggregates for the sectors of the economy, when based on figures for individual enterprises using the various approaches to capital maintenance.     

International income shifting by US multinational corporations

This paper provides estimates of the amount of income shifted across national borders within the manufacturing operations of US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 1988. It is assumed that each MNC arranges its investments such that, after accounting for income shifting opportunities, the after-tax rate of return on a marginal investment is the same for all its affiliates, regardless of location. The income shifting is then inferred by comparing shares of after-tax profits, assets and sales of the affiliated members. It is estimated that such shifting amounted to about $8 billion (on net), which is less than 4% of the worldwide taxable income of the manufacturing MNCs.     

Shift from gross profit taxation to distributed profit taxation: Are there effects on firms?

This paper investigates the consequences of the corporate tax reform in Estonia in 2000. This unique reform nullified the taxation of retained earnings and maintained corporate income tax only on distributed profits. We investigate the outcome of the reform by comparing the performance of the affected firms in Estonia with that of firms from Latvia and Lithuania, the two other Baltic countries. We use firm-level financial data and the difference in differences approach for our analysis. The results are consistent with an increase in holdings of liquid assets and lower use of debt financing after the reform. A positive relationship of the reform with post-reform investment and productivity has also been found. The results point to a stronger effect on smaller firms.     

可交易价值与股票短期收益分析——基于不同市场环境的实证研究

通过对股票可交易过程的分析,提出可交易价值的概念并指出价格、流动性和波动性是构成可交易价值的主要因素,并在CAPM模型的基础上建立考虑股票可交易价值的资本资产定价模型。运用横截面回归法分别对我国沪深A股市场处于熊市和牛市阶段的行业日交易数据进行实证分析,指出以日风险收益率为代表的股票短期预期收益率不仅与传统系统风险因子有关,还受可交易价值中价格因子、流动性因子和波动性因子影响。并且,在不同市场环境下,可交易价值各因子的表现形式也不同,既反映出市场及投资者不同的心理预期,也为市场预测和监管提供了一种新的途径。     

《非货币性资产交换》准则变化及其问题探讨

非货币性资产交换准则是为适应证券市场的发展和企业经营方式的变化由财政部制定的，换入资产入账价值的计价引进了商业实质和公允价值理论，在损益的确认方面与国际惯例一致，更趋合理，但也存在判断的困难。     

会计要素视角下预算会计核算内容的改革研究

随着公共财政的改革,我国现行的预算会计制度已经难以满足有关方面的需要。我国预算会计核算内容在资产、负债、净资产、收入和支出几个方面存在着一定弊端。要逐步引入权责发生制,从规范资产记录、拓宽负债范围、以新的政府收支科目为基础调整预算会计收支科目等方面入手,改革现行预算会计的核算内容。     

ADJUSTING NET WORTH FOR PRICE CHANGES WITH REFERENCE TO THE CANADIAN SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

This paper develops a rationale for a comprehensive measure of income and provides illustrative calculations within the Canadian System of National Accounts for making adjustments to net worth for price changes.
The paper notes that the System of National Accounts is designed to provide a number of individual aggregates measuring total production, income, savings and net worth. There is no single overall comprehensive measure which reflects the combined effect of changes in income and wealth. Such a measure is of particular importance in periods of rapid or extensive price changes which affect not only purchasing power of income but also the value of assets held and liabilities outstanding with consequences on net worth positions. This paper explores these issues and develops techniques for measuring the effects of specific and overall price changes with respect to net worth of the various sectors in the economy, illustrated with data from the integrated Canadian System of National Accounts.     

AN ESTIMATION OF U.S. FAMILY WEALTH AND ITS DISTRIBUTION FROM MICRODATA, 1973

This paper presents a method of estimating U.S. family net wealth across the entire population, utilizing capitalization of several income items available from income tax microdata. Other forms of wealth, and debt, are indirectly estimated using relationships gleaned from estate tax data. Concentration in the distribution of wealth, and assets such as corporate stock, are measured with Gini coefficients and Lorenz curve analysis and compared to similar estimates of concentration in the distribution of income. Comparisons of the results with previous estimates for the United States are made in the latter section of the paper.