成品油定价机制完善前后政策变化的实证考察

2013年3月国家发改委发布了新的成品油价格形成机制完善调整办法,新机制政策指向性明显,即在缩短调价周期的同时降低定价办法执行过程中的人为影响和随意性,保证机制和规则自身效用的最大化发挥。为考察成品油定价机制完善前后政策执行上的变化和差异,从实证角度出发,针对成品油定价机制调整以后在价格响应滞后性、规则透明度以及政策执行严谨性三个方面进行分析。分析结果表明,成品油定价机制调整后,国内成品油价格调整对于国际原油价格变化响应的滞后性明显缩短,定价政策执行的严谨性得到加强,价格调整触发和调价幅度计算的规则透明性有所下降。     

成品油倒逼定价机制的构建研究

国家发改委发布的新成品油定价机制,是以成本为基础,加上厂商合理利润和国家税费加成定价。本文在分析这种定价机制的现状及缺陷的基础上,构建了一种成品油倒逼定价机制。作者认为新构建的定价机制不仅能吸取美国公用事业行业定价的前车之鉴,而且也可以避免国家发改委定价机制存在的总成本的确定缺少科学性、不利于企业降低产品成本及造成政府（管制者）的监控困难等诸多弊端。     

如何理顺成品油定价机制

1998年6月，中国出台《原油成品油价格改革方案》，10年间，呼吁成品油定价机制改革的声音不绝于耳。国家发改委、能源局的官员在各种场合多次表示，要实现国内成品油价格的市场化。然而，成品油定价机制的改革一直举步维艰。     

将市场化进行到底

成品油定价新机制的"亮相"并不算完美,但唯一可以肯定的是,它正在市场化的道路上越走越宽。体验过2012年油价的"四涨四跌",人们已对成品油价格调节感到"麻木"。呼声一直不断的成品油定价新机制并没有在2013年伊始伴随油价上调出台,难免让人有些失望。事实上,自2009年成品油价格机制改革以来,关于成品油价格机制的质疑就没有停止过。3月27日,成品油定价新机制的"亮相",还是给国内成品油市场带来了一线希望。按照新机制要求,成品油价格每10个工作日调整一次,但     

我国成品油价格体制改革问题研究

成品油作为我国的基础性能源成品,其价格形成机制改革的实质是我国经济体制改革的深化和市场体系的进一步完善。我国成品油价格体制始终坚持以市场化的定价机制作为改革的方向和原则,当前我国成品油价格由政府定价逐渐转向和国际石油市场价格相接轨,但价格机制仍然存在诸多弊端,导致其经常大幅波动,以至于成为CPI波动的导火线和驱动器。文章针对该机制的不足,提出相关建议来进一步完善我国成品油定价机制,推动我国CPI的稳定运行,维护成品油市场乃至国民经济的健康发展。     

新油改方案或将随行就市

国际油价疯狂震荡使我国已酝酿了8年的成品油定价机制出台的一个强有力支撑，同时也将迎来该机制出台的最有利时机。专家认为，应该尽快完善成品油定价机制，促进工业结构调整。     

国内

成品油定价新机制将考虑国内因素 国家发改委正在就新的成品油定价机制改革征求各方意见。国家发改委否定了原稿中提出的将成品油定价权下放石油公司的方案,明确了国内定价机制朝向市场化轨道前进,更加贴近国内市场的原则。其中提及的“根据国际市场油价变化及国内成品油市场供求情况自行确定调价方案”,     

试论我国公共决策中公民参与机制的完善——以《石油价格管理办法(试行)》的发布为例

我国成品油定价机制问题一直是全国人民关注的热点,近几年来国家发改委已经对国内成品油价格进行了几次升降,但实际效果却不尽人意.2009年5月8日,发改委发布了新的<石油价格管理办法(试行)>,但是该公共政策一经作出, 便引发了更多的质疑和争议.本文以公共政策相关理论为分析视角,深入剖析了成品油定价机制中的公共政策问题,提出不 断完善公共政策制定中的公众参与机制和利益表达机制、不断提高公共政策制定的透明度等对策,进而提高公共政策的合 法性和可行性.     

我国成品油定价机制改革与趋势分析

文章通过2009年出台并正式实施的国家成品油价格形成机制,分析出新成品油定价机制是在国际价格接轨原则下实行限制最高售价和差异性消费补贴的成本加成定价方式,具备理顺石油产业链条、增强市场透明度等优势特点,但同时也存在催生市场投机、政策油荒、炼化亏损和竞争失衡等问题缺陷,得出当前油价机制依然是政府主导的市场被动调价模式,成品油价格改革应朝着市场化方向继续稳步推进。     

我国成品油定价机制应与国际“实时”接轨

由于原油和成品油价格倒挂使得国内石油加工业上半年出现全行业亏损，国内有关部门正在研究进行成品油定价机制的改革，这将对石化行业和相关行业产生重要影响。     

The role of oil price shocks on China's real exchange rate

This paper investigates to what extent the oil price shock and three other types of underlying macroeconomic shocks impact the trend movements of China's real exchange rate. By constructing a four-dimensional structural VAR model, the results suggest that real oil price shocks would lead to a minor appreciation of the long-term real exchange rate due to China's lesser dependence on imported oil than its trading partners included in the RMB basket peg regime and rigorous government energy regulations. The real shocks, as opposed to nominal shocks, are found to be dominant in the variations of the real exchange rate.     

What Causes China＇s High Inflation？ A Threshold Structural Vector Autoregression Analysis

China＇s astonishing economic growth implies a necessity to understand its inflation. The present paper employs threshold nonrecursive structural vector autoregression analysis to explore the asymmetric effects of macro-variables on inflation in low and high inflation regimes. The empirical evidence demonstrates, first, that the reactions of inflation to various shocks are inflation-regime-dependent and asymmetric. Second, monetary policy influences China ＂s high inflation and adjusting the domestic interest rate in China may be an effective way to control inflation in a high inflation regime, but not in a low inflation regime. In a high inflation regime, a high inflation rate may cause the macro-policy authorities to increase the domestic interest rate, in an attempt to stabilize high inflation. Third, contrary to expectations, the world oil price is not a strong cost-push factor in a low inflation regime. Oil price increases may increase inflation in a high inflation regime, but there is no such obvious effect in a low inflation regime. Finally, China ＂s nominal effective exchange rate influences inflation in both low and high inflation regimes. A nominal effeetive exchange rate appreciation might be effective in controlling domestic inflation in both regimes.     

The impact of world oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables in Vietnam: the transmission through domestic oil price

This study examines the impact of world oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables in Vietnam with a focus on the transmission channel of domestic oil prices. The Structural Vector Autoregression model with two blocks of real economy variables and monetary variables is employed. The world oil price follows an autoregressive process to reflect the exogenous nature of world oil price shocks to the domestic economy. The retail domestic oil price is determined simultaneously by only the world oil price due to the government's control of the domestic oil market. Using monthly data in the period between 2009 and 2021, the study indicates that a positive shock to world oil prices will increase the domestic oil prices significantly, industrial production (slightly and only statistically significant in the third month after), and inflation (significantly in 8 months). Besides, the domestic oil price is not the only transmission channel of world oil price shocks to the economy. This result implies forecasting, assessing, and controlling the impact of the world oil price shock on the economy should focus on both domestic oil prices and other indirect channels.     

石油国内税的价格效应——基于垂直市场结构的研究

石油进口国的国内税政策不仅影响消费者价格,还通过垂直市场结构传导影响石油公司买卖价差和国际石油价格。本文发现,在生产与贸易中介环节的不同市场结构组合下,石油国内税的价格效应明显不同。如果石油公司间竞争不强,国内税价格传递弹性为负,国际价格下降而石油公司要价上升;如果石油公司间竞争很强,国内税价格传递弹性为正,国际价格和石油公司要价同向下降。结合美国、欧盟和日本的需求弹性特征,实证结果支持了本文的理论分析结果,也为美国、欧盟和日本实际国内税率与最优税率的偏离提供了证据。     

石油价格对我国通货膨胀影响的实证分析研究

石油是现代化工业国家的重要战略资源。随着中国对国际石油依赖程度的提高,中国石油市场与国民经济正面临着新的挑战。中国的通货膨胀也受到了石油价格越来越多的影响。本文通过建立"MLR(Q)模型"和"MLR(F)模型"分阶段观察国际、国内石油价格对我国通货膨胀动态影响。文章指出:中国通货膨胀受国内石油价格波动的影响显著,而受国际石油价格波动影响不明显;但随着中国石油进口量的增加及国内石油价格与国际石油价格的逐步接轨,国内通货膨胀率受国际石油价格的影响在逐渐扩大。     

Oil price uncertainty and the cost of debt: Evidence from the Chinese bond market

This paper explores the impact of oil price uncertainty affects the cost of debt in China. By analyzing the bond data from 2008 to 2019 in China, we find that oil price fluctuation boost bond offering spread, denoting that oil price uncertainty may increase the cost of debt. This increase is likely due to higher default risks resulting from the heightened oil price uncertainty. Moreover, non-state-owned firms and those in the energy industry are more susceptible to the effects of oil price volatility. Our findings also reveal an asymmetric effect of oil price uncertainty on the cost of debt, with a stronger impact observed from positive uncertainty compared to negative uncertainty. This study contributes to the current understanding of the ways in which oil price uncertainty impacts the cost of debt in an emerging country.     

政府管制、油价下跌与中国产业部门价格水平变动研究——基于改进的投入产出价格影响模型

运用改进的投入产出价格影响模型，研究在是否存在政府管制的情况下，石油价格变动对我国居民消费价格指数、批发物价指数、物价总水平以及其他41个行业部门商品价格指数的影响。研究表明：①各类价格指数受石油价格下跌影响大小排名为：批发物价指数>物价总水平>居民消费物价指数；②第二产业受石油价格下跌影响程度最大，第一产业和第三产业所受影响相对较小；③政府管制下的价格传导效应小于无政府管制下价格传导效应。     

国内油价高涨的主因——基于VAR的实证分析

近年来．国际原油价格强势上扬，国内原油价格也不断上调。尽管一些学者从国内需求增加和国内外原油价格接轨的角度来说明目前原油和成品油的高位，但这些理论似乎都无法完全解释当前油价暴涨的现象。本文从原油和成品油的市场结构和定价机制出发，基于VAK模型证明了国内油价主要为短线预期带动所致．这种预期从国外传递到国内并导致了国内油价的上涨。因此通过改革油品的定价机制且完善和适当干预国内原油期货交易市场，可以打压这种非理性预期，抑制油价飙升的势头。     

Oil price shocks and producer prices in Taiwan: an application of non-linear error-correction models

This study estimated the short-term and long-term pass-through effects of oil prices on inflation in Taiwan from 1981M1-2011M5, employing the producer price general index and various basic sub-indices for evaluation. The empirical results show that oil prices have long-term and short-term pass-through effects on Taiwan’s producer price indices. Moreover, producer prices have significant non-linear error-correction relationships with the oil price, output and wages, suggesting asymmetric and time-variant properties of error correction. When the deviation of price in the equilibrium is greater, the error-correction adjustment will be faster. Our findings could therefore enable the monetary authorities and manufacturers to formulate a more effective policy from the oil price shocks.     

The asymmetric effects of oil price changes on China’s exports: New evidence from a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model

China’s dependence on oil imports has greatly increased in recent years. Due to the rapid expansion of global trade, exporting plays an important role in the Chinese economy. This paper uses monthly data from January 2005 to April 2021 to examine the short- and long-term effects of oil price increases and decreases on China’s exports. Our empirical analyses are based on the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, which can effectively capture asymmetric relations. The empirical results provide significant evidence of asymmetry, such that oil price increases have significantly larger effects than oil price decreases in the long term. Interestingly, we find that energy-intensive exports and some specific sectors (e.g., crude fertilizers, petroleum products, and organic chemicals) benefit from oil price increases. We also observe recent declines in the coal and coke sector following positive oil price shocks due to restrictions on coal consumption.