数学直觉思维及培养

直觉思维在人的创造思维能力中占有举足轻重的地位，然而，目前数学教学中往往偏重于逻辑思维的训练，过分强调论证的严密逻辑性，忽视直觉思维的突发性理解与顿悟作用，忽视数学形成过程中生动直观的一面及包含着大量源于直觉思维的结果，从而在一定程度上限制了学生创造素质的发展。本文从直觉思维与逻辑思维的关系及直觉思维的特点，谈谈在教学中如何培养学生的数学直觉思维。     

基于直觉模糊的医院患者满意度研究

医院患者满意度综合反映了医院医疗服务水平。文章基于直觉模糊集理论建立了一个多级直觉模糊满意度计算模型,利用直觉模糊集算子有效地诱导出直觉模糊满意度,将定性与定量的方法结合起来进行满意度计算,使计算结果信息量更大、更加科学合理且自动化程度高。以商洛职业技术学院附属医院为例,通过问卷调查数据,基于直觉模糊满意度模型,计算医院患者满意度。探索一些指标满意度较低的原因;并针对患者普遍不满意的指标提出具体建议。     

直觉梯形模糊几何集成算子及其在群决策中的应用

文章首先定义了直觉梯形模糊数及其运算法则,基于这些运算法则,给出了直觉梯形模糊几何集成算子,即直觉梯形模糊加权几何(IT-WG)算子、直觉梯形模糊有序加权几何(IT-OWG)算子以及直觉梯形模糊混合几何(IT-HG)算子。在此基础上,提出了在属性权重已知的情形下专家评价值以直觉梯形模糊信息给出的多属性群决策方法。最后以产品最优设计方案的选择为实例进行分析,所得结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

浅谈数学直觉思维及培养

介绍了数学直觉的概念、直觉思维的主要特点并阐述了如何在数学教学中培养直觉思维。     

n-直觉多边形模糊有序加权距离算子及其在绿色供应商评价中的应用

n-直觉多边形模糊集(n-intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy sets)是三角形直觉模糊集(TIFS)和梯形直觉模糊集(TRIFS)的扩展形式。针对决策信息为n-直觉多边形模糊集的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于有序加权距离测度的多属性决策方法。在分析现有n-直觉多边形模糊集距离测度方法不足的基础上,首先概括了n-IPFSs的概念和运算法则;其次提出了n-直觉多边形模糊有序加权距离算子(n-IPFOWD),并给出了该测度的权重确定方法;最后提出了一种基于n-直觉多边形模糊有序加权距离算子(n-IPFOWD)的多属性决策方法,并用绿色供应商评价实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

浅谈对学生直觉思维能力的培养

文中从直觉思维在创新思维中的重要性;直觉思维培养的可操作性;直觉思维可作为培养发散思维及集中思维的方法;直觉思维是培养创造性人格和习惯的最佳手段四个方面阐述了对学生进行直觉思维能力培养的重要性。     

美术创作与创造性思维

直觉是灵感现象中的核心因素,是灵感洞察事物的一种特殊能力,正是这种洞察和对刺激物的直觉能力,使创造主体头脑中潜在的信息突然与显意识沟通而产生认识的飞跃,进入理性状态。从某种意义上说,没有直觉就没有灵感思维到创造性思维。     

企业管理中的直觉决策分析

直觉在决策中的作用近年来已被管理学家所普遍认同,要更有效地发挥直觉在决策中的作用首先要搞清直觉适用的决策类型,其次要通过塑造正确的价值观念、积累相关学识和经验、认清自己的个性类型、创设适宜的文化环境、培养自我效能感、了解直觉可能会产生的偏差、练习直觉决策的技巧等来提高直觉决策能力。     

数学直觉思维的训练教学模式

在中学数学教学中不仅要重视直觉思维的作用,要加强对学生直觉思维水平培养。本文主要研究数学直觉思维的训练教学模式,对在数学教学过程中培养直觉能力会遇到的种种问题指出具体的努力方向:探索数学教学规律,努力提高学生的直觉思维和创造能力。     

浅谈直觉与艺术表现

在克罗齐的直觉理论中,直觉是表现、是创造,是全部心理活动的基础,艺术是抒情的直觉。艺术直觉是艺术家在艺术活动中不自觉地迅速、直接把握创作对象的认知心理能力。艺术直觉具有情感性、整体性、直接性和非逻辑性的特征。绘画是视觉艺术,它通过构图、色彩、线条构成艺术形象,直接诉诸欣赏者的视觉感官。艺术家对线条、色彩、构图的运用处处有直觉的体现。     

A round of dancing and then one more: embedding intuition in the ballet of entrepreneurial decision making

The dance metaphor allows us to figuratively depict entrepreneurial decision making processes. Being conventionally conceived of as a sequence of purposeful behaviors rooted in a rational cognition process, entrepreneurial decision making can be featured as a ‘ballet’. This interpretation puts in the background the improvisational nature of decision making, which revokes ‘lindy hop’ as a dance style. The article intends to illuminate the role of intuition, highlighting its overlap with rationality in the entrepreneurial decision making dance. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis followed by an interpretive literature review advances a comprehensive report of 66 peer-reviewed journal articles published from 1995 to 2019, constructing evidence on the nature of entrepreneurial decision making and on the interplay between intuition and rationality. Literature is categorized in five clusters, which are reciprocally intertwined. Firstly, intuition is unconsciously used as a strategy to deal with the uncertainty that inherently affects entrepreneurial ventures. Secondly, intuition is rooted in the entrepreneurs’ impulsivity, that echoes the role of emotions in decision making. Thirdly, the merge of rationality and intuition improves the entrepreneurs’ ability to keep up with the erratic rhythm of the decision making dance. Fourthly, the mix of intuition and rationality serves as a catalyst of entrepreneurs’ ability to thrive in complex and unpredictable environments. Fifthly, intuition generates drawbacks on entrepreneurs’ meta-cognitive knowledge, which should be carefully recognized. Embracing the dance metaphor, intuition turns out to be crucial to make entrepreneurs able to fill in the gap between rationality and uncertainty.

     

Exploring holistic intuitive idea screening in the light of formal criteria

The aim of the article is to achieve a better understanding of idea screening selection based on intuition in relation to formal specific criteria.Four experienced experts used two approaches to independently evaluate a set of 83 ideas. The first approach was “gut feeling”, whereby the experts rated each idea on the basis of their intuition. In the second approach the same ideas were rated instead using three established specific criteria (Originality, User Value, and Producibility). Regression analysis showed that the three criteria explained about 50 percent of the intuitive assessments. Furthermore, one of the experts thought out loud during his intuitive assessment, thus revealing further influencing.This article contributes by establishing a statistical relationship between assessment based on intuition and assessment based on formal specific criteria. The article also offers two additional candidate criteria, and five tentative affectors, that could provide a further explanation of intuitive assessment.. The conclusion reached in the study is that intuition can be used because it is less resource-dependent than criteria-based assessment; however, there must also be some emphasis on validating the assessor’s domain of expertise, and designing the instructions, if the assessment is to have an incremental or radical twist.     

Acting Intuition into Sense: How Film Crews Make Sense with Embodied Ways of Knowing

This study contributes to a holistic understanding of sensemaking by going beyond the mind–body dualism. To do so, we focus analytically on a phenomenon that operates at the nexus of mind and body: intuition. By observing four film crews, we unpack how people act their intuition into sense – that is, how they transform, through action, an initial sense (intuition) that is tacit, intimate, and complex into one that is publicly displayed, simpler, and ordered (i.e., a developed sense). Our model identifies two sensemaking trajectories, each of which involves several bodily actions (e.g., displaying feelings, working hands-on, speaking assertively). These actions enable intuition to express a facet of itself and acquire new properties. This study makes three important contributions. First, it develops the holistic-relational character of sensemaking by locating it in the relations among multiple loci (cognition, language, body, and materiality) rather than in each one disjunctively. Second, it theorizes embodied sensemaking as a transformative process entailing a rich repertoire of bodily actions. Third, it extends sensemaking research by attending to the physicality and materiality of language in embodied sensemaking.     

模糊抉择在家族企业家行为中的应用实证

家族企业家自身的行为很大程度上决定了家族企业社会化的路径、方式或表现形式，而家族企业家的行为也必然受到许多因素的影响。本文分析了九种影响家族企业家行为的因素，如感觉、直觉、思维、情感、能力或技能、知识与教育、经验或经历、社会环境与社会网络等，及其导致家族企业社会化的程度，在此基础上建立了家族企业家行为抉择模型，最后利用模糊抉择法对实证结果进行了分析验证，得到了与现实情况比较一致的结论。     

Rational and intuitive decision-making in sourcing teams: Effects on decision outcomes

According to dual process theory, individual decision-making can be based on rational procedures and experience-based intuition, and the decision-making approach can influence decision outcomes. We investigate how the application of rational procedures and experience-based intuition affects the outcomes of supplier selection decisions taken by cross-functional sourcing teams. Specifically, we examine whether the selected supplier׳s cost and quality/delivery/innovativeness performance is higher when more team members use a highly rational and/or a highly experience-based decision-making approach. From data on 54 teams, we find that the use of rational procedures enhances cost performance. Conversely, when sourcing team members use their experience-based intuition, the decision is more likely to result in satisfactory supplier performance along all tested performance dimensions.     

Analyzing fixed-event forecast revisions

It is common practice to evaluate fixed-event forecast revisions in macroeconomics by regressing current forecast revisions on one-period lagged forecast revisions. Under weak-form (forecast) efficiency, the correlation between the current and one-period lagged revisions should be zero. The empirical findings in the literature suggest that this null hypothesis of zero correlation is rejected frequently, and the correlation can be either positive (which is widely interpreted in the literature as “smoothing”) or negative (which is widely interpreted as “over-reacting”). We propose a methodology for interpreting such non-zero correlations in a straightforward and clear manner. Our approach is based on the assumption that numerical forecasts can be decomposed into both an econometric model and random expert intuition. We show that the interpretation of the sign of the correlation between the current and one-period lagged revisions depends on the process governing intuition, and the current and lagged correlations between intuition and news (or shocks to the numerical forecasts). It follows that the estimated non-zero correlation cannot be given a direct interpretation in terms of either smoothing or over-reaction.     

A ten-year cross-national examination of the dance between intuition and rationality in entrepreneurial processes

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - Entrepreneurs rely, to a degree, on intuition while they also rely on rationality. Both are associated with formation of expectations for new...     

EVALUATING MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS: A CONCISE REVIEW OF SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Macroeconomic forecasts are frequently produced, widely published, intensively discussed, and comprehensively used. The formal evaluation of such forecasts has a long research history. Recently, a new angle to the evaluation of forecasts has been addressed, and in this review we analyze some recent developments from that perspective. The literature on forecast evaluation predominantly assumes that macroeconomic forecasts are generated from econometric models. In practice, however, most macroeconomic forecasts, such as those from the IMF, World Bank, OECD, Federal Reserve Board, Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), and the ECB, are typically based on econometric model forecasts jointly with human intuition. This seemingly inevitable combination renders most of these forecasts biased and, as such, their evaluation becomes nonstandard. In this review, we consider the evaluation of two forecasts in which: (i) the two forecasts are generated from two distinct econometric models; (ii) one forecast is generated from an econometric model and the other is obtained as a combination of a model and intuition; and (iii) the two forecasts are generated from two distinct (but unknown) combinations of different models and intuition. It is shown that alternative tools are needed to compare and evaluate the forecasts in each of these three situations. These alternative techniques are illustrated by comparing the forecasts from the (econometric) Staff of the Federal Reserve Board and the FOMC on inflation, unemployment, and real GDP growth. It is shown that the FOMC does not forecast significantly better than the Staff, and that the intuition of the FOMC does not add significantly in forecasting the actual values of the economic fundamentals. This would seem to belie the purported expertise of the FOMC.     

A note on the value of crime control: Evidence from the property market

This note provides evidence on the amount people are willing to pay for crime control. The theory of hedonic price indexes is used to derive estimates from property values. The results are consistent with both theory and intuition.