基于市场风险对偿付能力资本要求的研究

保险监管机构十分关心保险公司的偿付能力状况,保险偿付能力额度监管为监管机构发现保险公司潜在财务状况变化提供了良好的方法。本文研究了欧盟偿付能力Ⅱ中市场风险对偿付能力资本要求的计算方法,并采用该方法对国内某寿险公司市场风险偿付能力进行实证分析。     

“偿二代”下保险企业的偿付能力及风险指标体系浅析

随着我国经济水平的不断提高,保险业的日益壮大,加之国内外金融环境变幻莫测,为科学全面地衡量保险公司所面临的风险水平和风险管控能力,保监会于2012年启动了第二代偿付能力制度监管体系,对保险公司的偿付能力、风险管理提出了新的要求。因此,构建符合监管要求的偿付能力体系和风险指标体系成为保险企业丞待解决的重要问题。本文从"偿二代"三大支柱监管要求及对风险的分类入手,分析保险企业应该如何重构偿付能力体系及风险指标体系,以期对保险企业有所帮助。     

保险企业偿付能力影响因素的分析

本文就我国保险企业偿付能力各种影响因素如定价风险因素、资产负债匹配风险因素、退保风险因素、巨灾风险因素进行了分析,并提出了如何防范各类风险,提高偿付能力的建议和设想。     

浅析我国保险公司偿付能力监管

本文通过比较国际发达国家关于保险偿付能力监管模式,并分析了我国目前保险公司偿付能力的现状和存在的不足,以探讨我国保险公司偿付能力监管今后发展的建议。     

探析保险经营风险的源头——承保风险

保险经营风险是保险业内之士一直关心的话题,因为它象置于保险公司的一颗“炸弹”,随时可能造成偿付能力不足,最终导致保险公司破产。在所有的保险风险中,保险业务经营方面的风险是重要的,其中承保风险又是重中又重,承保风险甚至被认为是保险公司破产的主因。同时,承保风险是保险人在风险管理中最应该和最可能有所作为的一类。而保险的业务经营是以接受风险,即承保开始的。由此,我认为承保风险是保险经营风险的源头,对它的分析是有意义的。     

构建“中国风险导向的偿付能力体系（C-ROSS）”

现代保险监管的核心在于偿付能力的监管。欧盟的偿付能力Ⅱ和美国的风险资本制度是目前世界上最有影响力的偿付能力监管制度。我过保险业经过了长年的发展,取得了可喜的成就,随着我国保险行业的不断发展,对其进行科学的监管也越来越重要。但由于我国与欧美等发达国家的保险业的发展程度不同,我国构建自己的偿付能力测算模式的市场环境和条件不同,我们有∞要对中国偿付能力进行研究,结合所提及的两种保险偿付制度与中国国情,对我国风险导向的偿付能力体系的构建和实施提供参考和启示。     

存款保险的期权定价模型构造及实证研究

存款保险定价是存款保险制度建设中的核心内容,保险定价效率直接影响制度的功效。碍于现金流贴现估价模型的局限性,从期权的角度阐述了存款保险与期权的关系,指出存款保险合同实质上就是一份看跌期权,从理论和实证两方面论述了如何运用Black-Schole期权定价模型确定存款保险价格的问题,对实践中存款保险的合理定价和制度建设具有重要的指导意义。     

非寿险公司偿付能力影响因素的实证分析

偿付能力监管是保险监管的一项重要内容,本文首先阐述了影响非寿险公司偿付能力的各种因素,然后从中选取了几个财务指标,并通过这些指标的变动来反映非寿险公司的偿付能力充足率的相应变化,构建我国非寿险公司偿付能力预警模型,这对于保持非寿险公司的稳定经营十分重要。     

财产保险公司偿付能力的实证分析

本文运用主成分分析法对财产保险公司偿付能力诸多影响因素进行实证分析,构建保险企业偿付能力评价指标体系,对8家财产保险公司的绩效进行主成分分析,并结合分层聚类法模型对主成分分析得到的结果进行分类,所得结果为保险监管部门和保险公司制定切实有效的管理策略,提供参考.     

我国产险公司偿付能力预警研究

考察保险公司的经营情况最重要的指标之一是偿付能力,它直接关系到公司的持续经营能力。中国保险监督管理委员会已将偿付能力监管作为保险监管工作的重点,于2003年3月24日颁布了《保险公司偿付能力额度及监管指标管理规定》（以下简称规定）。本文对2005—2006年24家样本公司偿付能力进行估算,采用因子分析中的主成份方法处理数据,进而建立Logistic回归预警模型并验证模型的准确性。     

Hybrid bond issuances by insurance firms

This study reexamines the determinants of insurance firms' hybrid bond issuances. We also analyze the effects of these issuances on their issuers' financial solvency and performance. Logistic regression reveals that the likelihood of issuing a hybrid bond increases when the risk-based capital ratio is lower and when net income is greater. Additionally, difference-in-differences estimations with fixed effects show that hybrid bond issuances enhance insurance firms' insolvency risk and liquidity ratio but do not significantly improve overall financial solvency indices. The insolvency risk is mitigated when the bonds are issued to foreign creditors.     

保险监管:原则导向还是规则导向——以英国Vehicle & General和我国某财产保险公司为案例

当前,原则导向方式已经成为国际保险监管的主流理念,但是原则导向如何落实,并如何协调与规则导向的关系,在世界保险业范围内广受讨论。本文采用案例研究法,以英国车辆通用保险公司为参照样本,对比我国陷入偿付能力危机的某财险公司进行分析。我们发现,原则导向与规则导向方式在我国保险监管实务中都不可或缺,原则不能代替规则,规则应在原则的指导下制定,原则与规则相辅相成。     

保险市场准入监管分析

本文首先分析了保险市场准入监管与保险公司偿付能力之间的关系,再用经济学的方法对市场准入问题进行讨论.结果表明,保费收入和投保人的预期收益与市场上保险公司的数量并不总是同方向变化,而且在产品同质的市场上,完全取消进入门槛会使市场上的企业个数过多,造成社会福利的损失.接着,文章通过对目前中国保险市场上供给主体的分析,认为当前我国保险市场存在的最主要问题不是供给主体不够,而是各公司提供的产品之间无差异.因此,文章认为目前政府还是应该审慎控制保险市场总体规模和市场准入,从而从理论上阐述了新<保险法>修订进一步严格保险市场的准入条件的必要性.     

Neue Banken- und Fiskalarchitektur für Europa: Krisen vermeiden,statt sie nur zu bewältigen

In December 2013 agreement on the second pillar of the banking union was reached. The SRM sets up restructuring guidelines for banks, including a bank-paid resolution fund, fully operational in 2025. In the article we discuss how the current design of the banking union falls short of the goal of breaking the link between governments and their banks. We explain how an insolvency code for sovereigns is central to achieving this goal and evaluate alternative mechanisms to synchronise the business cycles of member states: 1) the coordination of national stabilisation policies; 2) the introduction of a cyclical shock insurance; and 3) the enlargement of the euro area budget, of which we consider the first alternative the most promising.     

Insurance Demand Anomalies and Regulation

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that risk aversion alone cannot explain individuals' demand for insurance. From the perspective of risk aversion, individuals tend to purchase insurance when they should not, refuse to purchase insurance when they should, prefer sub-optimal payouts and allow irrelevant considerations to influence their insurance preferences. This article considers the normative implications of these insurance demand anomalies. It argues that while they are generally the result of consumer mistakes, they may also reflect sophisticated decision making. Given these conflicting explanations, the article explores a spectrum of “libertarian paternalistic” regulatory interventions in insurance markets.     

Put Option Premiums and Coherent Risk Measures

This note defines the premium of a put option on the firm as a measure of insolvency risk. The put premium is not a coherent risk measure as defined by Artzner et al. (1999). It satisfies all the axioms for a coherent risk measure except one, the translation invariance axiom. However, it satisfies a weakened version of the translation invariance axiom that we label translation monotonicity. The put premium risk measure generates an acceptance set that satisfies the regularity Axioms 2.1–2.4 of Artzner et al. (1999). In fact, this is a general result for any risk measure satisfying the same risk measure axioms as the put premium. Finally, the coherent risk measure generated by the put premium's acceptance set is the minimal capital required to protect the firm against insolvency uniformly across all states of nature.     

Deconstructing the Franchise as a Legal Entity: Practice and Research in International Franchise Law

This article canvasses practice and research in international franchising law. The franchisor law's key concepts are introduced. I then identify aspects of franchising practice that are poorly accommodated by the law. These aspects offer opportunities for productive research. I identify these aspects as follows: franchising law's reliance on contracts to regulate the relationship through all its phases, the risk that a “franchisee” is an employee, good faith, governance, and insolvency. I continue with suggestions as to why these challenges exist. The article concludes with emerging themes in franchise practice and research: e-commerce, natural disasters, sustainability, micro-franchising, and social franchising.     

风险、保险与投资在跨期模型中的关系研究

为了解释保险在经济个体最优决策中的作用,并探讨影响保费的因素,文章通过在跨期模型中引入风险、保险和投资等变量,给出了保费、保险金额、预期投资收益率、风险分布及相关系数等关键因子的理论关系,论证了保险将影响最优的投资水平,个体可以通过保险增加价值,以及影响保费的三个因素。通过对中国保险数据的实证检验,验证了模型中影响保费的因素,并阐明了中国需要加大对经济个体的风险保障水平。     

The Forms and Limits of Insurance Solidarity

What makes insurance special among risk technologies is the particular way in which it links solidarity and technical rationality. On one hand, within insurance practices ‘risk’ is always defined in technical terms. It is related to monetary measurement of value and to statistical probability calculated for a limited population. On the other hand, and at the same time, insurance has an inherent connection to solidarity. When taking out an insurance, one participates in the risk pool within which each member is reciprocally responsible for others’ risks. The combination of technical controllability and solidarity has made insurance a successful tool for governing welfare societies during the twentieth century. From the point of view of business ethics, it is interesting that, as we argue in this article, the connection between insurance and solidarity is not limited to social welfare assemblages, but is evident in relation to private insurance as well. At the same time, however, it is important to understand that insurance does not advance all forms of solidarity. Hence, this theoretical article analyzes the specific conceptions of solidarity that the different forms of insurance practice produce. Particular emphasis is put on the distinction between ‘chance solidarity’ and ‘subsidizing solidarity’. The main questions of the article are: What kinds of conceptions of solidarity are built in the insurance technology? And how are the limits of solidarity defined and justified in different forms of insurance?

     

Back to Start: Insolvent and Nevertheless Successful

Entrepreneur insolvency. Company insolvency and personal insolvency combined. An insight into insolvency from the point of view of the debtor.