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1.
This paper examines the effects of financial and trade liberalization on growth volatility of real output and consumption in Africa. Our results suggest trade liberalization is associated with greater output and consumption growth volatility while financial liberalization increases the efficacy of consumption smoothing and stabilizes income and consumption growth. In addition, we find financial market depth and institutional quality operate jointly with trade and financial openness to reduce volatility in output and consumption growth. There is also evidence that good institutions which foster low inflation levels and volatility promote consumption and output growth stability. 相似文献
2.
对双边自由贸易组织的现实合理性及其过渡性分析发现,基于经济利益的考虑,亚洲的发展中国家和地区倾向于选择双边先行的自由贸易体制。要获得更大的贸易收益,中国必须积极主动融入到区域经济一体化进程。在贸易收益只取决于相对偏好和相对人口比例大小的条件下,中国和东盟建立自由贸易区符合国家战略的必然选择,同时中国应加快实施战略性贸易政策,扶植高新技术产业,促进经济结构升级,在东亚经济一体化进程中掌握先发的制度优势和技术优势。 相似文献
3.
《中国—东盟全面经济合作框架协议服务贸易协议》的签署开启了中国与东盟服务贸易自由化的进程。本文评估了中国-东盟服务贸易自由化的程度,并与韩国-东盟、澳新-东盟服务贸易自由化程度进行比较,说明中国-东盟服务贸易自由化的特征。通过RCA指标测量了中国与东盟各国服务贸易总体竞争力和部门竞争力,以说明中国与东盟服务贸易自由化程度及其相关性,从而揭示中国-东盟服务贸易自由化的前景。 相似文献
4.
已有文献从微观和宏观视角构建了汇率变动的农业贸易效应模型,指出汇率水平变动、汇率波动性风险负面影响农业贸易流。尽管这些模型得出了一致的结论,但却根基于不同的假定之上,由此可将其归结为出口供给模型、进口需求模型、出口供给进口需求均衡模型、出口需求方程、引力模型五类。对于前三类模型,要得出汇率波动性风险负面影响农业贸易流的结论,必须依赖于厂商风险厌恶假设。未来研究需要基于发展中国家特点提出假设条件拓展已有模型,同时在模型中引入合适的变量,以突出农业贸易特征。 相似文献
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6.
贸易自由化进程的国家利益分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
文章以国家利益为视角,分析从GATT到WTO的贸易自由化进程,说明国家利益是贸易自由化的内在动力,中国在贸易自由化进程中既要遵循国际惯例,更要遵循“国家利益原则”。 相似文献
7.
自人民币汇率改革以来,人民币汇率波动与国际贸易的关系,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文通过协整模型和误差修正模型探讨了中美农产品贸易与人民币兑美元汇率间的关系。研究表明从长期看,人民币兑美元汇率变化与中美农产品贸易存在着均衡关系,但在短期内,中美农产品贸易与人民币汇率变化的均衡关系并不明显。为此,中国应采取切实可行的措施,规避中美农产品贸易的短期风险。 相似文献
8.
Nianbei Luo 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(7):58-63
One theory of strategic trade policies is about the profit shifts theory by "harming others to benefit oneself'. This strategic trade policy is that one country takes its losses to other countries as in "using neighbor's field as a drain". This kind of trade policy may suffer the resistance and vindictiveness of other countries. Under these terms of effective large-scale production, the unperfected market structure and the transition stages of its economic system, China can't adopt this strategic trade policy blindly. 相似文献
9.
文章基于协整的VAR模型从实证的角度研究了我国地区收入不平等与贸易自由化之间的长期均衡和短期动态关系。研究发现:(1)地区收入不平等、贸易自由化与经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系,贸易自由化和经济增长对于关注参数而言是弱外生变量;(2)贸易自由化在长期内减缓了我国地区收入不平等程度,但在短期内却导致了我国地区收入不平等程度的上升;(3)经济增长长期内趋于提高了我国地区收入不平等程度,但短期的影响方向不确定;(4)地区收入不平等是一个随机游走过程,不是一个含有结构突变的趋势平稳过程。 相似文献
10.
This paper investigates dynamic interrelations between exchange rate uncertainty, international trade, and trading competitiveness
in prices, using UK data. The empirical results derived from vector autoregressive (VAR) models show that a shock to exchange
rate volatility negatively affects trade volumes, and such negative effects are greater than the effects on trade price levels.
JEL Classification Numbers: F14, F31, F41 相似文献
11.
After accession to the WTO, China's agriculture is affected by the implementation of its WTO commitments and will be impacted by any multilateral liberalization (actions by the rich OECD economies in particular) resulting from the Doha negotiations. Using the actual commitment data, our computable general equilibrium simulation results show that China's WTO commitments will lead to increased agricultural imports and slightly declined outputs in China. The resulting efficiency gains will be negated by terms‐of‐trade losses, leading to quantitatively small welfare impacts. Furthermore, sectoral results depend critically on correctly representing the more complex policy measures, such as the tariff rate quotas. The negative output effects on Chinese agriculture can be alleviated/reversed if the rich OECD countries commit to reform their agriculture policies. The present paper concludes that trade liberalization should be carried out in both developing and developed countries. Reforming the latter will be particularly helpful in easing the problems facing those developing countries that are carrying out ambitious trade reforms. 相似文献
12.
Anthony J. Makin 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2007,15(3):89-102
A pegged exchange rate regime has been pivotal to China's export-led development strategy. However, its huge trade surpluses and massive build up of international reserves have been matched by large deficits for major trading partners, creating acute policy concerns abroad, especially in the USA. This paper provides a straightforward conceptual framework for interpreting the effect of China's exchange rate policy on its own trade balance and that of trading partners in the context of discrepant economic growth rates. It shows how pegging the exchange rate when output is outstripping expenditure induces China's trade surpluses and counterpart deficits for its trading partners. An important corollary is that given its strictly regulated capital account, China's persistently large surpluses imply a significantly undervalued renminbi, which should gradually become more flexible. 相似文献
13.
We evaluate and qualify Friedman's, 1953, “case for flexible exchange rates” in the presence of sticky prices in a two country
model. We find that a flexible regime performs indeed better when the degree of nominal price rigidity is high while a bilateral
peg does better when prices are fairly flexible. This result obtains independent of whether monetary policy is activistic
or not and is mostly due to the negative relationship between employment and productivity shocks when prices are relatively
sluggish (Gali, 1999). A unilateral peg tends to produce the lowest level of world welfare but it sometimes represents the
best monetary arrangement for the pegger.
JEL Classification Numbers: E32, E52, F33, F42 相似文献
14.
The present paper examines export and import pricing behavior following exchange rate changes in small, open economies. Using a monopolistic model, this study reveals that export and import prices should change but not in proportion to exchange rate movements. The policy implication of the results is that the pricing to market phenomenon could be a critical factor in explaining the evolution of the external trade balance with strategic interaction present in the case of prices on tradable goods. Consequently, the use of an exchange rate policy in the case of external imbalances should be a central issue within the broader context of how market structure and conduct affect the optimal traded goods prices. 相似文献
15.
Yingmei Zheng Jianhong Qi 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2007,15(4):35-51
This paper empirically analyzes the structure of agricultural trade between China and the USA from 1996 to 2005, using different trade indexes such as the Grubel—Lloyd Index, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the Finger—Kreinin Similitude Index and the Export Diversification Index, with a focus on the issues impeding Sino‐US agricultural trade. We found that over the period of 1996 to 2005, inter‐industry trade outweighed intra‐industry trade in Sino‐US agricultural trade, and that bilateral trade was more complementary than competitive. At the same time, China's agricultural exports were more diversified than USA exports, but China's degree of diversification steadily declined during the sample period. The findings indicate that there exists great potential for further development of agricultural trade between China and the USA, and that positive and effective trade policies will result in maximization of potential agricultural trade development and will bring forth mutual benefits to both countries. 相似文献
16.
Bibo Liang 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2007,15(5):50-64
The trade relationship between China and the USA has become increasingly important to the economies of both countries. The recent trade conflicts and friction between China and the USA constitute obstacles in the way of US—Chinese bilateral trade relationship development, which is of considerable concern to both countries. Through an in‐depth analysis of the political process of US trade policy towards China, the present paper identifies the important determinants of US trade policy towards China. The influence of US trade policy on the trade relationship between the USA and China is assessed and implications for the trade relationship between the USA and China are discussed. 相似文献
17.
多视角看中日农产品贸易互补性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中日农产品贸易问题日益成为中日两国经贸关系研究的热点。文章从比较优势指数、贸易互补指数及贸易强度指数三个不同视角进行分析发现,中日农产品贸易互补性较强并呈上升趋势,其中竞争力提升效应使中国对日本农产品出口的扩大贡献最大。鉴于上述分析,中日两国应发挥各自的比较优势,充分利用好“两个市场,两种资源”,加强农业领域的交流与合作,推动中日两国农产品贸易合作继续走向双赢。 相似文献
18.
This paper presents a simple open-economy forward-looking model to underscore the important role of the real exchange rate channel in the conduct of optimal monetary policy. As opposed to the closed economy, optimal monetary policy in the open economy depends on both demand-side and supply-side parameters.The paper also highlights the importance of the exchange rate channel for the design and implementation of a Monetary Conditions Index in the conduct of monetary policy. The model gives rise to an alternative MCI where the weight on the real exchange rate depends on all parameters of the model and the policymakers preferences. 相似文献
19.
Huanguang Qiu Yang Jun Jikun Huang Ruijian Chen 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2007,15(5):77-90
This study aims to examine the impact of the China‐ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) on China's international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that: (i) CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; (ii) CAFTA will accelerate China's export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and (iii) CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China's regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China. 相似文献
20.
This paper introduces a quasi‐natural experimental framework into trade policy evaluation and reassesses China's trade liberalization through the survival of export products. We use propensity score matching and China's dual trade system to design a quasi‐natural experiment based on Chinese industrial enterprises, customs import and export, and tariff data over the period of 2000–2006; we then use survival analysis to study the impacts of China's trade liberalization on the export duration of manufacturing firms’ products. We find that the substantial reduction in import tariffs after China's accession to the World Trade Organization enhances the export duration of firm products, indicating that trade liberalization ameliorates the survival of export products. The promotion effects of tariff reduction on export duration are obviously stronger for core products than for noncore products. 相似文献