中国工业生产力“数量革命”的经验解释

1978年以来,中国经济结构发生巨大变化的基本原因是工业生产力革命,工业产品的数量增加超过了任何国家。制造业的市场规模每隔7年翻一番,其中劳动生产率的成倍增长是制造业产出成倍增长的最根本原因。对工业制成品的实际需求是随着人均收入的提高而增长的,那么以人均产出数和消费数来衡量工业产品增长的前景时,工业生产力将进一步扩大,中国也将成为全球最大的工业化国家。     

论促进西部开发的财税政策问题

第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议又一次强调了新形势下加大对西部大开发的投入,但鉴于西部开发的财税政策出现的种种问题,如政府转移支付力度不足、财政投资效益低下、财政负担沉重、税收优惠政策无法落到实处等,我们建议在制定促进西部开发的财税政策时,应针对西部实际有所创新,同时,调动多方投资主体的积极性,把握政策转型期间的各种机遇,有针对性地支持西部特色产业.     

在新征程上坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度

党的二十大报告为坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度提供了基本遵循。本文认真学习党的二十大精神，从六个方面对此展开研究：一是在对社会主义道路的执着探索中坚定对基本经济制度的高度自信；二是在中国化时代化的马克思主义指引下把握基本经济制度的发展方向；三是在中国式现代化新征程上发挥基本经济制度的重要支柱作用；四是在根本政治制度与基本经济制度的统一中形成制度优势合力；五是在着力推动高质量发展中凸显基本经济制度的支撑作用；六是在中国特色社会主义财税理论研究中必须体现基本经济制度的时代要求。     

Estimating a Dynamic Model of Household Choices in the Presence of Income Taxation

The purpose of the article is to study the incentive and distributional consequences of income taxation. The article analyzes tax changes in a dynamic setting. The framework is estimated under a set of different identifying assumptions using parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric techniques. The empirical results focus on tax reforms in Germany in the 1980s. The article shows that these reforms did not significantly lower effective tax rates. The findings also suggest that estimated elasticities for male labor supply are small, ranging between 0.02 and 0.2.     

Competitive advantages of the mobile phone operators in the Asia Pacific region: analysis from the strategic groups approach

This paper studies the existence of strategic groups in the mobile phone industry. The analysis has been conducted in an international context characterised by major differences in regional wireless infrastructures, types of customers, government regulations and economic development, such as the Asia Pacific region. The purpose is to find the competitive advantages of the groups identified and the strategies that have led them to achieve them. The empirical research was carried out using data from a sample of the 28 largest firms of the industry in 2013. The results reveal the existence of three different strategic groups pursuing different strategies. The main determinant variables of the competitive advantages are price and size. The differences in environmental characteristics in this industry might explain the formation of strategic groups.     

烟草产业规制——基于需求面的分析框架

烟草是对健康有害的嗜好品,它有特殊的市场形态,其价格弹性和收入弹性都不同于普通产品.对这类产业的规制也不同于普通产业,其规制目标是产业促退而不是产业促进.中国的烟草产品又有区别于发达国家和其他发展中国家的独特市场形态,规制政策选择既要考虑国际通例,也要结合中国的市场特性.烟草产业规制要在规制效率、规制成本和社会公正之间寻求平衡.     

Rural-urban migration,informal sector and development policies: a theoretical analysis

"A theoretical model of rural-urban migration has been developed with special reference to the informal sector. The wage rate and employment in the informal sector are determined endogenously. The paper shows the simultaneous existence of open unemployment and informal sector in the urban area in migration equilibrium. The effects of alternative subsidy policies on unemployment and welfare of the workers are studied." The model is intended primarily for use in analyzing trends and policies in developing countries.     

Imputation of Missing Values in the Fundamental Data: Using MICE Framework

Revolutionary developments in the field of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms have transformed the business strategies of industries such as banking, financial services, asset management, and e-commerce. The most common problems these firms face while utilizing data is the presence of missing values in the dataset. The objective of this study is to impute fundamental data that is missing in financial statements. The study uses ‘Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations’ (MICE) framework by utilizing the interdependency among the variables that wholly comply with accounting rules. The proposed framework has two stages. The initial imputation is based on predictive mean matching in the first stage and resolving financial constraints in the second stage. The MICE framework allows us to incorporate accounting constraints in the imputation process. The performance tests conducted on the imputed dataset indicate that the imputed values for the 177 line items are good and in line with the expectations of subject matter experts.

     

战略联盟组织的稳定性、组织治理与信用约束机制

本文运用博弈论的分析框架分析了战略联盟组织不稳定性的原因在于战略联盟组织的中间组织性质所导致的战略联盟组织对机会主义行为约束的弱化，进而揭示了战略联盟组织稳定的关键在于组织内成员的博弈支付结构和博弈者对未来的预期。在此基础上，从组织治理结构的角度提出了稳定战略联盟组织应建立有效的信用约束机制的结论，阐述了这一机制的目标和内容，并针对我国战略联盟组织所面临的问题提出了相应的对策。     

新型现代学徒制度：澳大利亚TAFE模式的启示

澳大利亚成功的职业与技术教育体系的一个重要标志就是新学徒制度在各行业的普及和推广。根据澳大利亚职业教育的特点,总结了这种教育体制对中国的启示,对中国职业教育有一定的借鉴作用。学徒制是一种传统的职业教育形式。随着时代的发展,许多国家在吸取借鉴传统学徒制优点的基础上发展现代学徒制度,作为实施职业教育的一种重要形式,以进一步密切职业教育与劳动力市场的关系。面对日益严峻的青年就业形势,许多国家高度重视学徒制培训在增加就业机会中所起的重要作用,积极发展学徒制培训。     

乡村收缩背景下松嫩平原乡村地区人口—经济空间耦合关系

以松嫩平原乡村地区32个县域单元为例,基于空间自相关分析及人口集中度指数、经济集中度指数、人口与经济分布不一致指数的测度,揭示乡村收缩背景下松嫩平原乡村地区人口—经济的空间耦合关系。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年,松嫩平原乡村地区人口数量先增加后减少,人口密度空间分布呈现"南密北疏"的格局。(2)人口空间分布的关联性较强,呈现典型的集聚分布模式,人口集中度指数南高北低且高值区域逐渐向北扩展。(3)经济集中度分布格局多呈现"双核"模式,且经济空间分布不均衡性大于人口空间分布的不均衡性。总体来看,近20年来,松嫩平原乡村地区人口—经济的空间耦合类型中,协调发展型和经济迟滞型的县域类型居多。     

数字普惠金融对海洋经济增长的影响分析——以广东省为例

运用面板数据模型分析了 2011-2015年广东省三个沿海经济发展区 14个市的数字普惠金融对其海洋经济增长的影响。结果显示：整体上看,数字普惠金融对海洋经济还没有发挥有效的促进作用。分地区看,珠三角区和粤东区的数字普惠金融总指 数对其海洋经济增长发挥了一定的促进作用;粤西区在使用深度和数字服务支持程度 方面有效地促进了海洋经济的增长。提出广东省各地数字普惠金融发展重点,粤东区的重点是借优势,促发展。珠三角区的发展重点在于借优势,补不足。粤西区发展重点在于广覆盖,深挖掘。     

经济全球化对生态环境的影响

随着世界贸易、投资自由化的逐步扩大和现代科学技术特别是信息技术的发展，经济全球化作为一种新的国际关系正在加快推进全球产业结构调整。关于贸易自由化的环境影响，自由贸易倡导者与环境主义者之间存在着分歧。事实上，贸易全球化对环境的总体影响是规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和产品效应的复杂变化的净结果。跨国公司是经济全球化的载体，有潜力在全球可持续发展中扮演正面角色。在竞争市场中，环境保护是跨国公司的一个重要考虑，但是以经济增长来为顾客和股东服务仍然是跨国公司的中心任务。跨国公司的环境管理实践应把可持续发展作为生存公式。     

中国农业资源游离问题研究

农业资源游离是农业资源配置的主要形式,资源游离有价值游离、实物游离、劳动游离等三种基本类型。建国以来由于行政配置资源功能的强化,造成我国农业资源多种形式的严重流失。矫正的思路是:在资源战略、价格战略和资本战略三者之间把资源战略放在首位,确立农业资源市场配置机制的核心地位。     

THE GENDER WAGE GAP: WHAT HAS HAPPENED BETWEEN 1973 AND 1990 IN AUSTRALIA?*

The current study examines the change in the gender wage gap in Australia over the period 1973 to 1990. The Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1991) decomposition is used in order to evaluate the role and relative contribution of changes in observed and unobserved skills and their prices. The sensitivity of conclusions to the measure of labour market experience and industry and occupation structure are also examined. The analysis concludes that gender-specific effects are dominant in male-female wage convergence although wage-structure effects also play a minor role.     

Foresight in innovation policy: Shared visions for a science park and business-university links in a city region

The paper describes the process and outcomes of an exercise that used the 'success scenario' methodology to develop a shared vision of the future of business-university linkages in the city region of Manchester. The aim was to link the strategies of the four universities in the area (and in particular those of the two research universities that were in the process of merging) with the city's own self-vision of its future as a 'Knowledge Capital'. The resulting report presented a scenario of what success would look like in 2008 in five dimensions: infrastructure, human resources, university missions, inward investment, and networking. The exercise has had a significant impact on regional strategy. The paper considers the design factors involved in gaining this level of action commitment from a foresight activity.     

精益生产、敏捷制造、大规模定制和即时顾客化定制比较研究

精益生产要求尽量减少不必要的浪费;敏捷制造要求企业具备快速制造的敏捷素质和能力;大规模定制是要求企业将个性化定制产品和大规模生产综合起来;即时顾客化定制要求即时响应顾客的个性化需求。比较了这几种管理范式,说明市场扰动的增加和信息技术的发展是企业管理范式转变的驱动因素。     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Ricardo–The New View. Collected Essays I , by Samuel Hollander
The Economics of the Trade Union , by Alison Booth.
The Struggle for Industrial Relations in Australia , by Braham Dabscheck
The Current Account and Foreign Debt , by John Pitchford
The Transformation of the World Economy , 1980–1993, by Robert Solomon
The Legacy of Hicks: His Contributions to Economic Analysis , edited by Harald Hagemann and O.F. Hamouda
The Measurement of Household Welfare , edited by Richard Blundell, Ian Preston and Ian Walker
Current Issues in Public Choice , edited by Jose Casas Pardo and Friedrich Schneider     

促进科技创新的税收激励政策——英美等国的主要经验及其启示

创新体系理论对税收激励政策有重要的影响。创新的税收激励,特别是R&D税收抵扣政策,在发达国家有效地保留和吸引了R&D投资。那些在税收激励上最慷慨的国家均是吸引外来R&D投资最多的国家。R&D抵扣直接利益是刺激R&D投入。美国R&D税收抵扣有3种方案,即传统抵扣、选择性增量研究抵扣(AIRC)和选择性简化抵扣(ASC);英国主要是增强型扣除。政策设计时要参考多种因素。我国施行R&D税收抵扣政策,要研究制定统一的、供税收目的的R&D支出标准,出台具体的实施办法,并注意政策的可操作性、可预测性、一致性和稳定性。     

小城镇土地创新制度研究

土地利用在小城镇的发展中，有着非常重要的作用。文章首先对我国小城镇建设中的存在土地问题进行了分析，进而分析了小城镇发展与土地利用的关系，提出了土地制度创新的基本思路及小城镇用地的具体制度——用地置换制度与农村耕地使用权永租制，并认为强化土地管理仍然是十分重要的。