2007年度最负责任的企业：IBM中国从蓝色巨人转向绿色巨人

企业承担社会责任是企业自身发展的需要。谋求自身发展是企业的无职,追求经济效益是企业发展的重要目标,但不是唯一目标。履行和承担好社会责任也同样应该是企业发展的重要目标。这两个目标同时也是社会衡量企业发展的标准。两个标准的结合反映出企业发展的水平和持续发展的潜力。这是因为,企业是在社会中发展的。企业的发展离不开社会。另一方面,社会是由包括企业在内的各种主体组成的,社会的进步包括企业的发展,也需要企业的发展来推动。经济社会发展了。可以为企业提供更大的发展空间和创造更好的发展环境,从而进一步促进企业自身的发展。同时,企业的发展使它有更大的能力来履行和承担社会的责任。更好地促进经济社会的发展。     

浅谈新形势下农业经济创收的途径

随着我国经济的快速发展,传统的农业经济发展模式已不适应形势发展的需要,探索新形势下农业经济创收发展的途径势在必行,如何在新形势下发展农业经济是当前农业经济创收发展关注的焦点。因此,研究新形势下发展农业经济的有效途径具有十分重要的现实意义。本文以农业经济的发展为切入点,在分析当前农业经济发展面临的问题的基础上,探讨了新形势下发展农业经济的有效途径,以期为新形势下发展农业经济提供参考。     

“中国核工业杯:弘扬优良作风、促进企业科学发展”有奖征文活动启事

深入学习实践科学发展观,推动企业又好又快发展,是国有企业尤其是中央企业重大而长期的任务。但是,从传统发展观念、发展战略、发展方式到科学发展观念、发展战略、发展方式的转变是一个艰辛的过程。这种转变首先要     

发展观的承继与创新

党的十六届三中全会着眼于中国发展实践的新要求，提出以人为本，全面、协调、可持续发展的科学发展观。这一发展观在由邓小平发展理论回答的中国要发展的基础上，进一步对为什么发展和怎样更好发展的问题作出了科学回答。从邓小平发展理论到科学发展观，体现了我国不同发展时期的不同发展要求，体现了我们党发展理论上的进一步成熟。     

调整经济结构,转变发展方式推动边疆民族地区科学发展、和谐发展和跨越发展

坚持科学发展,加快转变经济发展方式是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,是提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性客观要求。德宏作为一个边疆民族自治州,交通落后、资源不足、发展不充分、发展不平衡、发展质量不高的问题十分突出。只有坚持调整经济结构,转变发展方式,才能实现资源优势向经济优势的顺利转化,实现边疆地区的科学发展、和谐发展和跨越发展。     

以人为本：科学发展的出发点

自人类有了科学，人类就一直运用科学来为人类发展进步服务，科学~sJ,-类的发展进步产生了重大的影响。以人为本的科学发展理念一直伴随着科学的发展。随着近代科学的迅猛发展，出现人类发展科学所没有预料到的困难，促使人类对科学发展进行反思，回到科学发展以人为本的轨道上来，创新展开对科学发展的人文价值的追求，力求科学同人类其他方面发展的协调统一。本文将本着科学发展对人类物质生活的重要作用，来探讨科学发展的人文价值取向，提出科学的发展应以人为本的观点。     

发展中地区落实科学发展观的新尝试——德州市发展生态经济的探索与思考

发展中地区如何落实科学发展观，是当前面临的重大课题。2007年以来，山东省德州市积极践行科学发展观，把发展生态经济作为转变发展方式的有效途径，为发展中地区实现科学发展、和谐发展、跨越发展进行了有益探索。     

基于新发展理念的京津冀协同发展指数研究

京津冀协同发展已进入深入推进阶段,为了跟踪评价京津冀协同发展成效,可从五大发展理念的视角构建京津冀协同发展指数评价指标体系。测算结果显示,2005—2015年京津冀协同发展指数总体呈现上升的态势,特别是2014—2015年上升幅度更大,这表明京津冀协同发展取得了明显的阶段效果。从京津冀创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展和共享发展五个协同指数的变化趋势看,京津冀共享发展进步显著,绿色发展明显进展,协调发展出现积极变化,创新发展成效较小,开放发展相对滞后。这些发现可为下一步推动京津冀高水平协同发展提供有价值的决策参考。     

我国人造板标准现状分析

一般来说,标准是随着产品的发展而逐步发展的。我国人造板工业近年来得到迅速发展,而人造板标准的发展远远没有跟上产品的发展。     

何力

碳的诅咒。无论是中国国情还是世界世情，都决定了21世纪中国的发展必须是“自律”发展、“自我约束”发展、绿色发展，不能“随心所欲”发展，不能自由放任发展，不能继续“黑色”发展。     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.