Cross‐border Economic Activities,Human Capital and Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis for OECD Countries

We study the growth effects of outward‐ori,ented econ,o,mies by using sto,chas,tic fron,tier anal,y,sis to mea,sure the effi,ciency exter,nal,i,ties of three forms of eco,n,omic cross‐bor,der activ,i,ties – inter,na,tional trade, for,eign direct invest,ment (FDI) and migra,tion – for OECD coun,tries. The study also exam,ines whether the effi,ciency of these cross‐bor,der activ,i,ties is affected by the level of human cap,i,tal in the host coun,try. We find that inter,na,tional trade and FDI are impor,tant chan,nels for improv,ing effi,ciency, as is human cap,i,tal accu,mu,la,tion, and that the positive effects of inter,na,tional trade, FDI, and migra,tion depend cru,cially on the level of accu,mu,lated human cap,i,tal. Our results show that the impact of human cap,i,tal is impor,tant for increas,ing effi,ciency via inter,na,tional trade flows and FDI flows, while immi,gra,tion into coun,tries that are richer in human cap,i,tal enhances their effi,ciency rel,a,tively more than immi,gra,tion into coun,tries with lower human cap,i,tal. These results remain robust to alter,nate mea,sures of human cap,i,tal, con,trols on edu,ca,tion lev,els among immi,grants, and to a non‐para,met,ric esti,ma,tion of the model.     

Book review

Thomas, Vinod, John Nash, and associates, Best Practices in Trade Policy Reform, Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 1991, xiii + 226 pages.

Turner, Charlie G., Japan's Dynamic Efficiency in the Global Market: Trade, Investment, and Economic Growth, New York: Quorum Books, 1991, xiv + 177 pages.

de Melo, Jaime, and David Tarr, A General Equilibrium Analysis of US Foreign Trade Policy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, pp. xviii + 289.

McGarry, Michael J., and Andrew Schmitz, The World Grain Trade: Grain Marketing, Institutions, and Policies, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992, xx + 511 pages.

Islam, Shafiqul (ed.), Yen for Development: Japanese Foreign Aid and the Politics of Burden Sharing, New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1991, xii + 243 pages.

Heckscher, Eli, and Bertil Ohlin, Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, x + 222 pages (translated, edited, and introduced by Harry Flam and M. June Flanders).     

Natural Resources,Wage Growth and Institutions – a Panel Approach

This paper exam,ines the effect of nat,u,ral resource export depen,dence and fis,cal respon,si,bil,ity on wage growth, which is derived from the labour first‐order con,di,tion and esti,mated using a panel growth‐account,ing frame,work. Using annual data, the study accounts for the var,i,abil,ity of resource rev,e,nues, one of the major dif,fi,cul,ties of man,ag,ing these resources. The con,trol vari,ables include the most cru,cial growth fac,tors. Due to insuf,fi,cient annual data, human cap,i,tal is only con,sid,ered inside wages as in many endog,e,nous growth mod,els. We esti,mate the influ,ence on real wage growth aris,ing from the growth‐impacts of nat,u,ral resources through labour and cap,i,tal effi,ciency while con,trol,ling for fis,cal respon,si,bil,ity, which proves a suit,able proxy for pol,i,cies and insti,tu,tions in a sin,gle‐panel case. The results show that respon,si,ble fis,cal pol,icy, assessed by the bud,get bal,ance, pre,vents (var,i,able) dif,fuse and point‐source resources from hin,der,ing real wage growth (through labour effi,ciency), a result also sig,nif,i,cant in a sub‐sam,ple of un‐free coun,tries. The hypoth,e,sis of a resource curse work,ing through insti,tu,tions and reflected on real wage growth holds for resource export shares, but not adjust,ing for re‐expor,ta,tion. Over,all, resource effects are jointly insig,nif,i,cant, even though point‐source resources show a positive impact through cap,i,tal effi,ciency.     

Czech Day in China 10 Cities

From May 12 to June 25,Czech Tourism is doing the promotion event in ten cities,including Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Hong Kong,Haikou,Xian,Shenzhen,Hangzhou,Qingdao,and Harbin.In each city,the promotion will last 3 days;the Czech crafts will be showcased.     

Now Read This: Book Reviews The Protestant Work Ethic. What Was It? Is its Ghost Still Around?

Adrian Furnham, The Protestant Work Ethic. The Psychology of Work-related Beliefs and Behaviour , Routledge, Chapman & Hall, London and New York, 1990, pp. xv + 305, pb, £13.99, ISBN 0-425-01705-X.
Carl-Henric Grenholm, Protestant Work Ethics: A Study of Work Ethical Theories in Contemporary Protestant Theology , Uppsala Studies in Social Ethics 15, Uppsala, 1993, pp. 350, np.     

Affirmative Action Policy and Changing Views

Critiquing any practice, theory, or law, requires understanding the characteristics of the environment which created a need for this law. There are hundreds of different cultures in the world, and each one has its own set of norms, characteristics, and values. What in one country is perceived normal, ethical or unethical, right or wrong, may not be the same somewhere else in the world. The first civilizations begun in Africa and Europe many thousands of years ago when people were hunters and nomads, it is not unreasonable to suspect that many of those traits and characteristics have been socially transferred and/or inherited by future generations. Anthony F. Libertella is the Dean of the School of Business, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY. Sebastian A. Sora is an Associate Professor of Management, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY. Samuel M. Natale is a Professor of Management, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY and, concurrently, Senior Research Associate, Department of Educational Studies, University of Oxford, England.     

基于云生态的物流信息平台服务模式创新研究

文章在总结分析现有物流信息平台服务模式及其特征基础上运用云计算理论、商业生态系统理论和双边市场理论提出了基于云生态的物流信息平台服务模式创新。文章首先对云生态和物流信息平台服务的内涵与特点进行了分析;然后根据物流信息平台的功能和作用将其分为五类,并从平台性质、价值创造、核心功能、盈利模式、是否参与具体运作、典型企业、适用企业、存在的问题等八个方面对现有各种物流信息平台服务模式进行了对比分析;接着提出基于云生态的物流信息平台服务模式,并分析了其概念模型、结构、业务功能、价值创造、盈利模式;最后给出了研究结论及展望。结论表明该模式在概念模型、主体要素、核心业务功能、价值创造、盈利模式等方面取得了创新,对云经济时代物流行业的健康可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。     

Factors Associated with Opinion Seeking

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between opinion seeking and cultural values and individual characteristics in the context of electronic products by surveying cosmopolitan adults of 15 nationalities, namely, American, Australian, British, Dutch, Filipino, German, Hong Konger, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Malaysian, New Zealander, Singaporean, Swedish, and Thai. It finds (i) positive correlation between opinion seeking and power distance, category knowledge, category purchase intention, category innovativeness, opinion giving, market maven, brand loyalty, and susceptibility to interpersonal influence, (ii) negative correlation between opinion seeking and the masculinity and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions, category ownership, self-esteem, education, and age, and (iii) no correlation between opinion seeking and individualism, long-term orientation, and risk taking. It then discusses the managerial implications of the findings.     

老字号企业营销的SWOT分析及振兴策略

随着经济全球化进程的加快,老字号企业在变化的市场营销环境中存在产品结构老化,客户资源流失,营销观念落后,品牌传播乏力,销售渠道单一,市场覆盖面狭窄,商标保护不够,假冒产品泛滥等问题。通过SWOT分析可知老字号企业具有独特的品牌文化,独门＂绝活＂和令人信赖的质量和诚信的优势,也存在经营理念老化,劳动密集,产业附加值低,品牌之争不断的劣势,享有很好的机遇,也面临竞争对手的威胁。老字号企业应加快产品创新、增加产品的科技和文化含量,改善产品包装;开展体验式文化消费;基于价值和心理定价;扩大公共关系促销,以不断提高营销水平,再造企业辉煌。     

International Franchising Decision-Making: A Model for Country Choice

The present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising. It considers a sample of 63 Spanish franchisors operating through 2321 franchisee outlets across 20 different Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela in January 2011. Results conclude that geographical and cultural distance between the host and home country, as well as the level of the host country's uncertainty avoidance, individualism, political stability, unemployment rate, market potential, and efficiency of contract enforcement, may drive the spread of international franchising. Results reinforce previous research on country choice as to the association between international franchising and the host country's unemployment rate and cultural distance, but also identify differences from other regions in some issues such as political stability. Moreover, new insights relative to the effect of market potential, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and the efficiency of contract enforcement on international franchise diffusion are also shown.     

组织间开簿成本会计的相互信任风险与信任机制研究

组织间开簿成本会计是建立在企业相互信任的基础之上的。从信息经济学角度分析,组织间开簿成本会计存在着"逆向选择"风险和"败德行为"风险两类信任风险。防范组织间开簿成本会计信任风险,要构建信任产生的网络信任度评价机制;专用性投资机制;声誉机制;承诺机制;财产抵押机制。要构建相互信任的强化机制,包括网络激励机制、相互依赖机制、沟通机制、违约赔偿机制、权力均衡机制;要构建信任保障机制,包括合同、契约约束机制、专用投资退出成本约束机制、道德成本约束机制、团队文化机制。从而实现弱化风险,降低信息成本,共享信息资源。     

自动顶空-气相色谱法测定胶囊中9种残留溶剂

[目的]建立自动顶空-气相色谱法测定胶囊中9种残留溶剂的分析方法。[方法]准确称取样品于顶空瓶中,加入N,N二甲基乙酰胺,加盖密封,放入自动顶空进样器,供气相色谱分析,外标法定量。对不同极性色谱柱进行选择性实验,最终采用DB-624毛细管柱和氢火焰离子化检测器测定,同时对平衡温度和平衡时间等顶空条件以及色谱条件进行优化。[结果]9种溶剂在各自的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9847-9986,平均回收率为84%-105%,相对标准偏差为0.29%-1.72%。[结论]该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适合胶囊中9种残留溶剂的测定。     

Book review

Bayard, Thomas O., and Kimberly Ann Elliott, Reciprocity and Retaliation in U.S. Trade Policy, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994, 503 pages.

Rugman, Alan M. (Ed.), Foreign Investment and NAFTA, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1994, xii + 340 pages.

Zahra, Shaker A., and Abbas J. Ali (Eds.), The Impact of Innovation and Technology in the Global Marketplace, Binghamton Haworth Press, 1994, 222 pages.

Connolly, Michael, and Jaime de Melo (Eds.), The Effects of Protectionism on a Small Country: The Case of Uruguay, Washington, DC, The World Bank, 1994, 172 pages.

Andersson, Thomas, Managing Trade Relations in the New World Economy, New York: Routledge, 1993, 183 pages.

Rondinelli, Dennis A. (Ed.), Expanding Sino-American Business and Trade: China's Economic Transition, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1994, ix + 270 pages.

Chukwumeiue, Okezie, Choice of Law and International Commercial Arbitration, Westport, CT: Quorum, 1994, xii + 218 pages.

Welford, Richard, and Kate Prescott (Eds.), European Business: An Issue Based Approach, 2nd Edition, Philadelphia, PA: Trans Atlantic Publishers, Inc., 1994, 384 pages.

Copeland, Laurence, Exchange Rates and International Finance, Second Edition, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994, xiv + 455 pages.

Surajaras, Patchara, and Richard Sweeney, Profit-Making Speculation in Foreign Exchange Markets, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992, 280 pages.

Esty, Daniel C., Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment, and the Future, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994, 319 pages.

Scherer, F. M., Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994, xxii + 133 pages.

Safarian, A. E., Multinational Enterprise and Public Policy: A Study of the Industrial Countries, Hants, England: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 1993, 581 pages.     

建立三大机制，构筑粮食安全可持续发展战略

据国家统计局公布,2013年我国粮食总产量突破6亿吨,实现“十一连增”。然而,继续确保国家粮食安全还面临需求不平衡、水土资源趋紧、粮质退化等诸多挑战。专家呼吁,应树立新型国家粮食安全观,妥善处理粮食数量与质量、提高农业综合生产能力与可持续发展能力、挖掘国内生产潜力与积极利用国外市场的关系,加快构建高效、开放、可持续的国家粮食安全保障体系。基于此,本文从生态环境、科技应用、区域布局、法律保障、应急预警等方面着眼,探讨粮食安全长效机制、保障机制、预警机制三大机制架构。     

直播电商的本质、逻辑与趋势展望

直播电商是直播与电商的结合,它具有强有力的经济赋能作用,展现新经济特征。从本质来看,直播电商围绕“人、货、场”核心要素重构,优化“成本、效率、体验”系统目标,总体上是在技术赋能和消费升级背景下,融购物需求与情感需求于一体,建构“货到人”沉浸式商业场景,满足消费者购物、娱乐、社交多维一体需求。从行为逻辑来看,直播电商以触发消费者购买为目标进行场景构建,直接或间接优化了福格行为模型中的能力、动机、触发点三要素的条件,同时缩短消费者决策链路,有效挖掘显性和隐性需求。从产业逻辑来看,直播电商有效链接供应端与消费者从而缩短供应链路,同时精准匹配供需,助力客对商(C2B)、消费直连制造(C2M)产业链路建构,可有效解决传统电商商家、平台、消费者的诸多痛点。从趋势来看,直播货品无边界化、直播场景向全渠道渗透、头部主播品牌溢出、供应链多元塑造、行业竞争加剧、行业监管加强等趋势明显。随着行业规范化程度的不断提高,直播电商对产业变革、经济赋能以及社会影响效应还将不断增强。     

粤港澳大湾区物流业高质量发展的路径

物流高质量发展的内在特点是物流系统化程度高、技术先进、产业和产品结构合理、内生动力强。可用单位GDP的社会物流成本、单位物流成本的物流增加值、物流服务水平、技术创新能力、绿色发展等指标评价物流业发展质量。粤港澳大湾区物流业发展质量虽然在全国处于领先水平,但与美、日、欧等发达经济体的先进水平相比仍有较大差距。物流业发展质量偏低表现为物流的成本高,服务水平、生产效率和经济效益较低,资源浪费和环境污染等等,其原因在于技术创新不足,第三产业欠发达且发展不均衡,物流产业组织集聚程度相对较低,物流技术应用不足及劳动力成本上涨,物流一体化程度不高,物流组织管理技术不强,铁路物流发展滞后和海关效率低下等。提高粤港澳大湾区物流发展质量,要创建粤港澳大湾区创新生态系统,强化技术创新,深化第三产业发展,加快物流产业集聚,培养具有世界领先水平的物流龙头企业,加强物流技术推广和应用,加速物流一体化进程,用技术推动物流商业模式和经营业态创新,提升全球供应链的组织技术,深化铁路物流系统改革,加大海关改革力度,发展绿色物流。     

Books

Books reviewed:
David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations
Thomas Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree
Jonathan Story, The Frontiers of Fortune
Lowell Bryan, Jane Fraser, Jeremy Oppenheim and Wilhelm Rall, Race for the World
Stuart Wells, Choosing the Future
George Day, David Reibstein and others, Wharton on Dynamic Competitive Strategy     

未成年人手机成瘾的原因、危害与预防研究

手机对未成年人具有极强的吸引力,一旦手机成瘾,将会对未成年人的身心健康、学习能力、人际交往等带来消极影响。为此,从法律保护的视角出发,我国需尽快专门立法,不断加强网络管理和社会监督,同时,把心理健康教育和网络素养教育纳入学校和家庭教育,也是预防未成年人手机成瘾的有效措施。     

Retail Spectacles and Brand Meaning: Insights from a Brand Museum Case Study

This article explores the expansion of brand meaning within a spectacular, retail environment. Spectacular retailing environments include themed retailing, brandscapes, flagship brand stores, themed entertainment brand stores, themed flagship brand stores, and brand museums. This research uses an extended case-study method to investigate the World of Coca-Cola brand museum located in Atlanta, Georgia. A brand museum is a type of themed flagship brand store, but there are some unique aspects. One key feature of brand museums is the resemblance to traditional museums, but, in the former, the brand is positioned within historical and educational contexts. Within the brand museum context, this study explains how brand meaning can be expanded along seven dimensions: humanization, socialization, localization, globalization, contextualization, theatricization, and characterization. Retailing implications are discussed.     

iPhone虚拟价值中的题材打造研究

本文基于企业经营中二元价值容介态理论,分析商品虚拟价值中题材打造要素的内涵。另外,本文以iPhone为研究对象,发掘并总结其题材打造中乔布斯题材、创意题材、稀缺题材、生活题材、个性题材的具体内容,指出题材打造的企业家精神、科技与人文结合、人气聚集、生活内涵、品牌的文化积淀等具体途径。