董事会结构、公司治理与绩效——基于动态内生性视角的经验证据

在董事会与公司绩效关系的研究中,以往文献大都先验地把董事会结构作为外生变量来处理,并认为二者之间是一种静态关系。本文以我国1999—2008年间沪、深两市509家上市公司为研究对象,在动态面板数据模型中控制住内生性问题的影响后发现:在当期,董事会独立性对公司绩效无明显的促进效应,不过绩效对董事会独立性却呈现出显著的反馈效应;董事会独立性与绩效之间存在着跨期联系,独立董事比重的提升虽不必然导致绩效的提高,但绩效的提高却导致了董事会独立性的下降;董事会独立性的增加对绩效的影响从短期来看有负面的倾向,从长期来看表现的是正面性;无论是长期还是在短期,董事会规模与绩效均无显著关联。     

上市公司的董事会构成和公司绩效研究

上市公司的董事会成员可以分为两部董事、法人代表董事、专家董事和专务董事。本文采用“最优构成－绩效”模型来分析董事会构成和公司绩效之间的关系。数据分析发现，法人代表董事构成和公司净资产收益率之间具有显著的“倒U型”典型关系，但是在内部董事构成、专家董事构成、专务董事构成和公司绩效之间没有发现稳定的变量关系。本文数据不完全支持董事会的结构平衡假设，指出在引入专家董事的同时必须注重相关制度建设。     

供应链整合、风险管理有效性与运营绩效——以汽车制造企业上市公司为例北大核心

本文选取汽车制造企业上市公司作为研究样本,并充分考虑供应链风险管理对供应链整合的影响,对供应链整合和汽车制造企业上市公司运营绩效的关系以及供应链风险管理在汽车制造企业上市公司供应链整合管理中所发挥的作用进行探讨。研究结果表明,供应链整合对企业运营绩效存在显著的负向影响。供应链风险管理对企业运营绩效存在显著的正向影响,而汽车制造企业上市公司的供应链风险管理对供应链整合与企业运营绩效之间的关系存在显著的调节效应。     

传统能源企业治理结构、技术创新对企业绩效的影响

以2011—2021年我国A股传统能源行业上市公司为研究样本,探讨传统能源上市公司治理结构、技术创新对企业绩效的影响。研究发现,公司治理结构水平对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响,并且技术创新在公司治理和企业绩效之间存在中介效应。传统能源上市公司可以通过提升公司治理结构水平和技术创新能力来提高企业绩效,从而实现绿色转型升级和持续发展。     

非执行董事与公司绩效的实证研究

董事作为股东及其他利益相关者的信托人，其独立性是保证公司有效运作的重要基础。本文对上市公司1999年的数据进行了实证分析，结果表明非执行董事比例与公司绩效之间的正相关关系得到了检验。另外，本文还揭示出大股东（除第一大股东外）的存在有利于提高董事会的非执行董事比例，但是第一大股东持股比例与非执行董事比例是负相关的（这主要与第一大股东大多数是国家有关系）。行业对公司非执行董事比例的影响并不显著，但作为内生性的治理机制，非执行董事比例与两职状态表现出较好的一致性。     

公司治理结构与组织绩效的相关性—基于上市公司的实证研究

本文纵观国内外学者对公司治理结构与组织绩效的相关性研究,针对中国上市公司所处的特殊的市场经济环境,综合考察了公司股权结构、董事会规模、监事会规模、高层管理人员等方面,更加全面地分析了其对公司长期成长和发展的影响。结果表明,我国上市公司的公司治理结构与组织绩效之间有一定的相关性,并且总体的相关关系较弱,但是这同样对于提高和改善我国上市公司的治理结构方面有一定的启发。     

中化国际的公司治理实践

中化国际公司治理的实践对国内其他上市公司治理结构的完善有一定的借鉴意义中化国际是中化集团旗下的上市公司之一,2000年在上交所上市,这几年来中化国际的资产质量和利润水平一直呈现良好的上升趋势,这为中化国际公司治理结构的建立提供了良好的背景,当然,也与公司治理质量有密切的关系。目前中化国际董事会中有11名董事席位,大股东董事占3个,公司内部董事占3个,独立董事5个。     

上市公司董事会特征与公司绩效关系的实证研究

随着我国上市公司范围和数量的扩大,所有权和经营权分离所引起的公司治理问题日益突出。董事会作为公司治理的核心,其治理模式日益成为影响公司绩效的关键因素,改善董事会的特征、提高董事会的质量也就成为建立有效公司治理结构的核心任务。因此,研究董事会特征与公司经营绩效的关系具有实际意义。     

银行债务与公司经营绩效相关性研究——以纺织业上市公司为例

基于资本结构理论,运用因子分析和偏相关分析的方法,对我国纺织业上市公司银行债务与公司经营绩效的相关性进行实证研究,进而分析银行借款的公司治理效应。研究发现:我国纺织服装行业上市公司银行债务与公司经营绩效之间不存在显著的相关关系,银行债务作为一种主要的债务融资方式,并没有起到显著的公司治理效应。     

股权分置改革与上市公司治理的实证研究

股权分置改革是中国资本市场的根本性变革,大量的研究分析都一致肯定了其正面作用。那么,股权分置改革是否提高了上市公司治理水平?本文采用主成分分析法构建了包括控股股东、董事会、经理层、信息披露四个维度的公司治理指数(CGI),并研究了股权分置改革对公司治理指数的影响。实证研究发现:①股权分置改革能够显著提高上市公司的公司治理水平;②在公司治理的四个维度中,股权分置改革对控股股东的影响最显著;③终极产权为国有和股权集中的公司,其改善公司治理的动机更强,公司治理水平得到更大的改善;④考虑股权分置改革进度的影响,进一步控制样本的自选择问题后,本文发现股权分置改革的效应正逐步体现出来,已实施股权分置改革的公司比尚未实施股权分置改革的公司在公司治理水平上有更大的提高。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.