我国中小银行风险控制能力的主成分分析——基于公司治理视角

文章以我国上市的11家中小银行为样本,根据其2013年半年度报告,基于公司治理视角,选取八个具有代表性的指标,利用SPSSl9．0对我国中小银行风险控制能力进行主成分分析。实证结果表明,基于选定的指标和数据,为提高风险控制能力,加强和完善我国中小银行公司治理各种机制的重要性依次递减为：外部治理中的资本充足率监管机制和信息披露机制、内部治理中的股东治理机制和董事会治理机制、内部治理中的股权制衡机制。由此提出加大外部监管力度,强化中小银行资本充足率监管机制;优化股权结构,完善中小银行董事会治理机制;重视引进并且稳定境外战略投资者等建议。     

The effectiveness of chief financial officer board membership in improving corporate investment efficiency

The key roles of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in firm operating performance, corporate strategic choices, and corporate governance have been increasingly emphasized in recent decades. In this study, we empirically investigate the relation between CFO board membership and corporate investment efficiency to determine whether CFO presence on the board reduces firms’ propensity to over- or underinvest. We find that CFO board membership is significantly associated with a decreased level of corporate over- and underinvestment. Further, the positive effects of CFO board membership on corporate investment efficiency are greater for firms with greater information asymmetries. Last but not least, we find that the improved investment efficiency experienced by firms with CFOs on their boards has a positive effect on the firms’ future performance. Overall, we find that CFO board membership is associated with improved investment efficiency and firms’ future profitability. By documenting the real business impact of CFO board membership on investment efficiency and firms’ future performance, we add bricks to the literature on board composition and how it influences firms’ strategic choices and performance. Our findings suggest that having CFOs on boards could benefit firms’ investment practices, which directly relate to corporate strategic performance.

     

The American keiretsu and universal banks: Investing,voting and sitting on nonfinancials’ corporate boards

This paper investigates the equity investments and voting rights that American banks control through their trust business. The paper also studies whether the voting rights American banks control through their trust business help explain their presence on firms’ corporate boards. We find that on average the largest 100 American banks control 10% of the voting rights of S&P 500 firms. We also find that there are several firms in the S&P 500 index in which the top banks control more than 20% of their voting rights, and several firms in the country in which these banks control more than 60% of their voting rights. Our investigation into the presence of American bankers on corporate boards shows that bankers are more likely to join the boards of firms in which they control a large voting stake. We also find that banks’ lending relationships help explain bankers’ board memberships. Our results further show that bankers who have both a voting stake in a firm and a lending relationship with it have a higher likelihood of joining the firm's board of directors.     

银行表外国际融资业务快速增长带来的风险和管理思考

2010年以来,随着我国经济逐步走出金融危机的影响以及外贸形势的好转,银行表外国际融资业务增长迅猛,在给银行带来经营收入的同时,其风险也不容忽视。该文阐述了银行表外国际融资业务快速增长的成因,及其潜在的宏观与微观风险,并从加强银行内部管理和外部监管两个层面就完善表外国际融资业务的风险管理提出建议。     

我国银行业改革与引进外资的开放竞争策略

针对我国银行业面临的问题和外资银行进入后的竞争压力,本文通过分析几种不同改革思路后认为,我国银行业改革的核心问题是产权和公司治理,两者紧密相连,产权改革是为了获得良好的公司治理,私有化和引入外资都是可供选择的产权改革方式之一,理论上不存在何者更优.国有商业银行改革的关键在于改变国有独资所有权结构为多元投资结构,可供选择的方案有不改变所有权性质的多个国有投资主体的单一所有制和引进包括国有、民营、外资参股的多元所有制.鉴于我国银行业目前的特点,外资参股并不是一种最优的选择,引进外资银行的正确策略是:独资优于合作,合作优于合资.     

Board connections and crisis performance: Family,state, and political networks

We introduce a novel concept of network interactions in which board connections provide access to external spheres of political influence, state ownership, and family control. We posit this form of indirect access via board association enables connected firms to benefit from information privy to external networks while avoiding their resource-based costs of membership. Board network data are assembled for 1290 East Asian firms and linked to hand-collected data on political connections and corporate ownership around the 2008–09 crisis. Companies with board connections to state-owned firms and family business groups had greater crisis-period accounting performance and stock returns. In countries with weak institutional development, board connections to politically connected firms were also beneficial.     

Multiple corporate governance attributes and the cost of capital – Evidence from Germany

This paper investigates the extent to which corporate governance affects the cost of debt and equity capital of German exchange-listed companies. I examine corporate governance along three dimensions: financial information quality, ownership structure and board structure. The results suggest that firms with high levels of financial transparency and bonus compensations face lower cost of equity. In addition, block ownership is negatively related to firms' cost of equity when the blockholders are other firms, managers or founding-family members. Consistent with the conjecture that agency costs increase with firm size, I find significant cost of debt effects only in the largest German companies. Here, the creditors demand lower cost of debt from firms with block ownerships held by corporations or banks. My findings demonstrate that a uniform set of governance attributes is unlikely to satisfy suppliers of debt and equity capital equally.     

Overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee and bank risk-taking: Evidence from China

Although overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee is prevalent in banks' boards, the existing literature focuses on the impact of a single board committee on bank risk-taking. Using a sample of Chinese listed banks from 2007 to 2020, we examine whether and how overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee influences bank risk-taking. The results show that overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee reduces bank risk-taking. Furthermore, the risk-averse role of overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee is stronger in banks with weaker monitoring intensity and higher information acquisition costs. When exploring the potential channels of monitoring and information, we find that overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee helps reduce executive earnings management and make conservative interbank liability decisions. Finally, compared with other overlapping member characteristics, the role of overlapping risk management committee chair and financial experts in reducing bank risk-taking is more evident.     

关于把商业银行建成精品银行的战略思考

本文结合国内外商业银行发展的新趋势,归纳了精品银行的基本特征.作者通过深入分析中国商业银行在发展战略、公司治理、资产质量、经营效益、金融创新、人力资源和银行文化等方面存在的问题,有针对性地提出了中国商业银行在推进精品银行建设过程中需要采取的战略性措施,包括:构建具有领先型、竞争型和可持续型的发展战略;不断改进和完善公司治理结构;打造具有竞争力的核心业务和优势业务,推进业务流程再造;建立全面、及时、审慎、有效的风险管理系统,不断提高风险集中管理能力;坚持以人为本,构建先进的人力资源管理与开发体系,提升人力资本在建设精品银行中的决定性作用.     

中国商业银行效率分析：基于外资参股比例的视角

本文首先选取16家上市银行2008-2013年的财务数据作为样本,运用DEA-Malmquist方法,得出了我国商业银行五个主要的效率指标：技术效率、技术水平、纯技术效率、规模效率与全要素生产效率的变化。随后按照外资参股比例的高低分组,运用Tobit回归模型,研究宏观经济环境、公司治理等因素对商业银行以上五个效率指标的影响。研究结果表明：对外资参股比例较高的商业银行而言,较窄存贷差的宏观环境能凸显其技术优势;中等外资参股水平的银行需增加人力投入以获取效率提升;对于低外资参股比例银行,应扩大所有者权益,找到资金投入的合理规模。     

商业银行公司治理：进展及改革着力点

随着我国金融业的全面对外开放,银行面临更多更大的挑战。如何有效应对?银行公司治理是个关键。巴塞尔原则和我国有关的法规制度,对银行公司治理有积极作用。但是,公司治理是否有效,还需通过银行的商业实践来验证。优化董事会结构、加强内部控制建设并重视利益相关者的作用,是银行公司治理的重要内容;提高创新能力、服务能力和抗风险能力,是银行保持长久竞争力和实现利润最大化的基础和前提。     

比较视野中的商业银行公司治理模式及其借鉴

建立良好的公司治理结构是一个国家及其企业树立市场信心、吸引更多投资的重要手段。现代商业银行作为资金运营的企业特别是投融资的中介,其公司治理科学与否、运行是否有效,是商业银行构造合理的内部制衡机制和有效的内控制度,进而强化外部监管和信息披露,建立完善的产权制度的关键。本文在借鉴国外具有代表性的商业银行公司治理模式的基础上,提出了所有权分散化、推行问责制、完善信息披露制度、完善激励机制、加强风险防范及通过上市完善公司治理等进一步优化我国商业银行公司治理的对策和建议。     

The role of corporate board structure in attracting foreign investors

A long-recognized phenomenon in capital markets is the underinvestment in foreign equity securities, known as equity home bias. Our study examines the effect of board independence on the firm's ability to attract foreign equity capital. After accounting for potential endogeneity, we document that U.S. and non-U.S. foreign investors exhibit a strong preference for firms with more independent corporate boards. Further, our analysis indicates that the positive relation between board independence and foreign ownership is significantly stronger in countries with less developed legal institutions and poor external protection of investor rights. We suggest that it is in these countries that firm-determined characteristics such as independent boards can be most beneficial in attracting capital. We also find that institutional investors are more responsive to the impact of independent corporate boards than are other types of investors.     

地方政府干预、境外战略投资者引入与城市商业银行治理

本文以8家城市商业银行的42份年报作为研究样本,利用主元分析法实证研究了地方政府和境外战略投资者对城市商业银行公司治理的影响,及其作用于城市商业银行的具体机制。研究结果表明,地方政府对城市商业银行治理产生了负面影响,境外战略投资者在一定程度上抑制了地方政府对城市商业银行的干预,促进了城市商业银行治理的改善。为了提升城市商业银行公司治理水平,本文建议地方政府进一步退出城市商业银行,取消城市商业银行中境外战略投资者持股比例监管限制,鼓励外资派驻更多的董事和高管实质性参与城市商业银行的经营管理。     

公司治理与可持续性绩效关系研究

随着可持续发展理念在全球的广泛应用,越来越多的企业开始重视可持续发展战略。本文选取2016年73家以可持续发展报告指南第四版编写社会责任报告的上市公司相关数据,从公司治理的董事会特言征、股权结构和高管激励三方面入手,研究公司治理与可持续性绩效的关系。经分析得出以下结论:董事会规模和董事会会议次数与可持续性绩效呈正相关关系,股权集中度与股权制衡度与可持续性绩效呈正相关关系,高管薪酬与可持续性绩效呈负相关关系。     

On the wealth and risk effects of commercial bank expansion into securities underwriting: An analysis of Section 20 subsidiaries

We investigate the abnormal returns and market-based risk effects of four Federal Reserve Board decisions to allow bank holding companies to engage in investment banking through Section 20 subsidiaries. Positive abnormal returns for commercial banks were observed for initial, limited powers granted by the Federal Reserve. However, authorization to engage in underwriting corporate debt and equity and subsequent expansion of potential revenues from underwritings produced negative abnormal returns and increases in risk.     

董事会报告可读性、制度环境与股权资本成本

依据2007-2016年中国上市公司数据,考量上市公司董事会报告的可读性、制度环境与股权资本成本之间的关系。结果发现：董事会报告更好的可读性、制度环境更完善有助于降低公司股权资本成本;制度环境越完善,公司股权资本成本越少受到董事会报告可读性的影响。鉴此,应完善公司非财务信息披露和外部制度环境,促进企业有效信息的对外传递,降低企业融资成本。     

外资银行目前在华经营策略及趋势分析

中国银行业已经实现了全面的开放,外资银行如何实施自己的经营战略直接决定了其在中国的市场前途。本文分析了外资银行目前在华经营策略及其趋势的变化,在中国采取的四种经营战略包括：客户战略,产品战略,人才战略和并购战略。     

Institutional investors and corporate environmental costs: The roles of investment horizon and investor origin

Using an international data set that quantifies corporate environmental costs, we analyze the influence of institutional investor ownership, particularly investment horizon and investor origin, on the monetized environmental impact generated by their investee firms. Institutional investor ownership is negatively related to corporate environmental costs. This effect is driven by long-term foreign institutional investors, especially investors from advanced economies. Corporate environmental costs are negatively correlated with firm valuation and positively correlated with the cost of equity. Since corporate environmental costs are not reflected in environmental, social and governance ratings, our results shed new light on the role of institutional investors in shaping corporate environmental impact.     

外资银行进入能够促进企业创新吗？——基于跨国的经验证据

基于1995-2015年28个国家(地区)的8453家制造业上市公司数据,本文实证检验了外资银行进入对以研发投入度量的企业创新的影响。研究表明,外资银行进入能够显著提高东道国企业的研发投入。一系列稳健性检验结果表明上述结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,外资银行进入对企业创新的边际促进作用在金融发展水平较低、政府干预较多以及法治环境较差的国家(地区)中更加显著。本文从跨国视角考察了外资银行进入对东道国企业创新的影响,为理解外资银行进入与经济增长之间的关系提供来自企业创新活动层面的新经验证据,也为中国等发展中国家加快银行业对外开放提供可供借鉴的理论依据。