The impact of foreign board membership on firm value

This study examines the effect of foreign (Anglo-American) board membership on corporate performance measured in terms of firm value (Tobin’s Q). Using a sample of firms with headquarters in Norway or Sweden the study indicates a significantly higher value for firms that have outsider Anglo-American board member(s), after a variety of firm-specific and corporate governance related factors have been controlled for. We argue that this superior performance reflects the fact that these companies have successfully broken away from a partly segmented domestic capital market by “importing” an Anglo-American corporate governance system. Such an “import” signals a willingness on the part of the firm to expose itself to improved corporate governance and enhances its reputation in the financial market.     

Financial development,corporate governance and cost of equity capital

Existing research suggests that external governance is more relevant than internal governance in affecting a firm’s value. We contribute to the literature by explicitly examining the interactive role played by country-level financial development and legal institutions in influencing the impact of firm-level governance on the cost of equity capital. Using a comprehensive sample of 7380 firm years drawn from 22 developed countries, we show that firm-level corporate governance attributes affect the cost of equity capital primarily in the Common Law countries with high levels of financial development. Our study is the first to highlight the complementary effects of legal origin, financial development and firm-level governance attributes in influencing the cost of equity capital.     

The effectiveness of chief financial officer board membership in improving corporate investment efficiency

The key roles of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in firm operating performance, corporate strategic choices, and corporate governance have been increasingly emphasized in recent decades. In this study, we empirically investigate the relation between CFO board membership and corporate investment efficiency to determine whether CFO presence on the board reduces firms’ propensity to over- or underinvest. We find that CFO board membership is significantly associated with a decreased level of corporate over- and underinvestment. Further, the positive effects of CFO board membership on corporate investment efficiency are greater for firms with greater information asymmetries. Last but not least, we find that the improved investment efficiency experienced by firms with CFOs on their boards has a positive effect on the firms’ future performance. Overall, we find that CFO board membership is associated with improved investment efficiency and firms’ future profitability. By documenting the real business impact of CFO board membership on investment efficiency and firms’ future performance, we add bricks to the literature on board composition and how it influences firms’ strategic choices and performance. Our findings suggest that having CFOs on boards could benefit firms’ investment practices, which directly relate to corporate strategic performance.

     

The relationship between corporate governance and foreign ownership of the banks in developing countries

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of corporate governance on foreign ownership of the banks. Within this context, annual data of 65 developing countries for the periods between 2004 and 2013 was analyzed. In addition to this situation, 7 explanatory variables were used in this study in order to achieve this objective. As a result of the analysis, it was identified that there is a strong relationship between operations of foreign banks and governance levels of the countries. In this regard, it was determined that the factors of corruption, political stability, rule of law and flexibility in legal regulations affect foreign bank operations. Moreover, it was also analyzed that foreign bank operations are stronger in the countries that have low poverty, high political stability and efficient legal infrastructure. On the other hand, it was defined that strict legal regulation affects foreign bank operations negatively which shows that foreign banks prefer to enter into the countries that have flexible legal regulations. This study gives essential information to developing countries about the factors that affect the decisions of foreign banks in order to enter into a developing country. Therefore, by considering the results of this study, the authorities of these countries can have a chance to take necessary actions so as to attract foreign banks.     

The implied cost of equity capital,corporate investment and chief executive officer turnover

This study investigates how the cost of equity capital, along with corporate investment, affects chief executive officer (CEO) turnover decisions. We hypothesize that the cost of equity conveys information about firm performance uncertainty that is informative of CEO talent. Consistently, our empirical results show that the likelihood of CEO turnover is positively associated with the implied cost of equity, after controlling for earnings and stock performance measures and risk factors. Additional analysis of reverse causality supports the causal effect of the high cost of equity on CEO dismissals. We also find that the positive association is more pronounced for firms that are more likely to suffer from underinvestment problems. These results suggest that the cost of equity plays a more important role in assessing CEO performance when the firm needs more external equity capital to pursue investment opportunities.     

The impact of management and board ownership on profitability in banks with different strategies

In this study I combine the ownership and diversification literature and show that the agency problem varies across traditional, diversified and non-traditional banks. In a sample of European banks, I find that management ownership has a positive impact on profitability in non-traditional banks, whereas board ownership has a positive impact on profitability in traditional banks. These findings indicate that management ownership is important in opaque banks, which are difficult to monitor, whereas board ownership is important in banks where the government guaranteed safety-net reduces the monitoring incentive of depositors, but which are not too complex or opaque for the board to monitor.     

The effect of management earnings forecast characteristics on cost of equity capital

This study uses a framework presented in Hirst, Koonce, and Venkataraman (2008) to assess how differences in management earnings forecast characteristics influence a firm's cost of equity capital. I find that less specific forecasts, pessimistic forecasts, and forecasts that predict a loss for the period are associated with higher cost of equity capital levels and more timely forecasts and forecasts with more information content are associated with lower cost of equity capital levels. Analysis interacting control variables and forecast antecedents with forecast characteristics indicates that the effects forecast characteristics have on cost of equity capital are either enhanced or moderated depending on firm beta, firm size, firm book-to-market ratios, analyst following, prior forecast bias, and earnings quality. The results highlight the importance of interacting key variables when interpreting the market effect of management earnings forecasts.     

Legal protection of investors,corporate governance,and the cost of equity capital

This study examines the effect of firm-level corporate governance on the cost of equity capital in emerging markets and how the effect is influenced by country-level legal protection of investors. We find that firm-level corporate governance has a significantly negative effect on the cost of equity capital in these markets. In addition, this corporate governance effect is more pronounced in countries that provide relatively poor legal protection. Thus, in emerging markets, firm-level corporate governance and country-level shareholder protection seem to be substitutes for each other in reducing the cost of equity. Our results are consistent with the finding from McKinsey's surveys that institutional investors are willing to pay a higher premium for shares in firms with good corporate governance, especially when the firms are in countries where the legal protection of investors is weak.     

基于银行发展战略的数据中心管理

随着信息技术的不断发展,银行数据中心环境越来越复杂,各种业务对数据中心系统的依赖性越来越高。数据中心系统能否正常运行直接关系到银行的正常运转,传统的依靠人工被动发现问题和解决问题的工作模式已不能满足数据中心发展和业务发展的要求。要从银行发展战略的角度出发．丰富数据中心的管理内涵．不仅要管理好机房环境、主机、系统、数据库、应用软件和技术人员、     

引进境外战略投资者对我国商业银行公司治理影响的实证研究

目前,我国银行领域出现了一个十分引人瞩目的现象：大中小商业银行通过出让部分股权,纷纷引进境外战略投资者,形成了商业银行引入战略投资者热潮。从理论上来说,商业银行积极引入境外战略投资者,不仅意在帮助实现股权结构的多样化,提高资本充足率,帮助银行境外募资上市,还在于可以促进我国中资商业银行改善公司治理结构、不断完善和促进中资商业银行风险管理和内部控制、提高商业银行业务和产品创新能力、促进中资银行国际化水平的提升、进一步强化国有商业银行的经营约束机制。境外战略投资者入股中资银行后是否能够帮助完善商业银行公司治理,这将成为本文的研究重点。     

股权投资的会计成本与计税成本差异

财政部颁布的《企业会计准则--投资》及相关指南,对企业投资业务的会计核算作了具体规定.国家税务总局也颁布了《企业所得税税前扣除办法》及《关于企业股权投资业务若干所得税问题的通知》(以下简称"《股权投资通知》"),对企业股权投资中涉及所得税问题作了明确规定.     

商业银行 信息科技风险现状与管理策略分析

近年来,商业银行的业务量、业务种类快速增长,信息科技在商业银行的各项工作中得到了越来越广泛的应用。在促进商业银行提高工作效率、提升服务水平、拓展业务范围、优化组织架构等方面,信息科技发挥着不可替代的作用。新《巴塞尔资本协议》对于信息科技风险有明确的定义,将其作为操作风险中的重点进行防控,并确定把信息科技风险纳入银行总体风险监管框架。     

Effect of internal cost management,information systems integration,and absorptive capacity on inter-organizational cost management in supply chains

Inter-organizational cost management is a strategic cost management approach to managing costs that span organizational boundaries in supply chains. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we develop a model to predict which inter-related resources might enable companies to manage inter-organizational costs. We test this model using a survey of managerial accountants whose organizations are part of a supply chain. Using structural equation modeling, we conclude that the resources of internal electronic integration, external electronic integration, internal cost management, and absorptive capacity play significant direct and indirect roles in the development of an inter-organizational cost management (IOCM) resource. We find that these resources are inter-related and together are useful in enabling companies to ultimately benefit from managing inter-organizational costs. We find in particular the importance of relational resources associated with absorptive capacity in the development of an IOCM resource. Our research contributes to theory and practice by explaining how specific resources can be combined in allowing companies to better manage inter-organizational costs.     

中小股份制银行公司业务的战略思考

以往在公司银行业务有着优秀的传统和比较优势的中小股份制商业银行,面对日益复杂的经营环境,将如何抉择?当今,国内商业银行的发展环境和竞争格局正在发生深刻的变化,处在国内外大银行挤压下的中小股份制商业银行能否经受得住开放金融市场的激烈竞争?是甘愿退出经过十几年发展才形成的由大中型优质客户支撑的公司银行业务阵地,还是根据国情、行情,探索一条新型的公司银行业务发展道路,这是我们必须思考的重大课题。     

城市商业银行上市与公司治理结构优化

公司治理问题是困扰我国城市商业银行健康发展的重要因素之一。随着商业银行监管制度的不断完善,城市商业银行的公司治理问题虽有所改善,但治理效率仍然低下。资本市场的开放,使得城市商业银行迈入上市公司的行列,为上市城市商业银行公司治理结构优化和治理效率提高奠定了制度性基础。     

Voluntary disclosure and the cost of equity capital: Evidence from management earnings forecasts

This paper examines the directional effects of management earnings forecasts on the cost of equity capital. We find that forecasters of bad news experience a significant increase in the cost of equity capital in the month after their disclosure. Conversely, the cost of equity capital for good news forecasters does not change significantly in the same period. We also indicate that the magnitude of changes in the cost of capital for good news forecasters is significantly lower than that for bad news forecasters and non-forecasters, which suggests that investors may view good news forecasts less credible. Finally, we show that the effect of the subsequent earnings announcement on the cost of equity capital is preempted by the management forecasts for bad news firms, and that the combined effects of the management earnings forecasts and the earnings announcement are not significant for both good news and bad news forecasters. Our paper contributes to the literature by adding evidence on directional effects of voluntary disclosures and on long-term economic consequences of management earnings forecasts.     

注册会计师和内部审计师在公司治理结构中的作用

什么是"公司治理结构"?简而言之,公司治理结构意味着健全的管理、透明度和披露.就公司而言,公司治理结构是指确定管理当局、董事会、股东以及其他证券持有者之间的关系,由此实现透明度、经营责任和公平的目标和理想.     

The market for corporate control and the cost of debt

How do bondholders view the existence of an open market for corporate control? Between 1985 and 1991, 30 states in the U.S. enacted business combination (BC) laws, raising the cost of corporate takeovers. Relying on these exogenous events, we estimate the influence of the market for corporate control on the cost of debt. We identify different channels through which an open market for corporate control can benefit or harm bondholders: a reduction in managerial slack or the “quiet life,” resulting in higher profitability and firm value; a coinsurance effect, in which firms become less risky after being acquired; and an increasing leverage effect, in which bondholder wealth is expropriated through leverage-increasing takeovers. Consistent with the first two mechanisms, we find that the cost of debt rose after the passage of the BC laws; moreover, it rose sharply for firms in non-competitive industries, and for firms rated speculative-grade. In contrast, there is virtually no effect for firms in competitive industries, or firms rated investment-grade.     

The transmission of corporate financial information across national borders and equity market linkages

Although intra-industry earnings information transfers have been documented within individual nations, little or no attention has been given to examining whether these transfers also exist across national boundaries. This study sets out to investigate the issue by analyzing the abnormal stock market returns of British firms at the time of annual earnings announcements by U.S. corporations and the returns of U.S. firms at the time of profit announcements by British companies. Information transfers are also tested by examining whether earnings surprises of companies in one country are related to revisions in investment analysts' consensus profit forecasts of non-reporting firms in the other country. The accuracies of revisions in consensus earnings estimates are investigated. Evidence of transnational information transfers from the United States to Britain is found and the degree and level of the signal is related to various firm and industry characteristics including correlations in reported profits.     

Disclosure and the cost of equity in international cross-listing

In this paper, we examine the relationship between disclosure level and the cost of equity capital for a sample of international firms cross-listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Increased disclosure has the potential to reduce information asymmetry, reduce the cost of financing and increase analyst following. Using an international asset pricing model, we find that listing firms experience a decrease in both disclosure risk and systematic risk while matching firms do not. Further, we find that the magnitude of the decrease is related to three types of disclosure: accounting standards; analyst following; and exchange/regulatory investor protection. Our results suggest that increased disclosure through accounting standards is beneficial to investors and that disclosure can be accomplished through information intermediaries, e.g., analyst following. For firms with the lowest levels of disclosure prior to cross-listing, all three types of disclosure appear to be valuable.