企业专利管理的几点思考

文章系统地介绍了项目立项之前进行专利检索的重要性,如何做到专利申请的保质保量,并介绍了企业如何从专利保护到专利运营的过渡以及专利的标准化。     

PPP视角下专利运营模式探析

中国正面临如何培育专利运营业态、激活专利运营市场,以抗衡“专利流氓”创意掠夺,保障产业经济安全的问题。以产业创新链为主线,探索专利运营内涵、专利运营模式构成模块;针对政府以市场化运作方式,依托政府资源、撬动社会资本、整合市场资源培育专利运营业态的困惑,运用PPP系列制度供给机制,从产权契约、SPV组织架构和治理机制3个维度,尝试构建专利运营PPP模式,意在为政府撬动运营资源发挥资源整合乘数效应,以及实现专利运营经济效益和社会效益“双目标”提供理论支持。     

企业专利管理的几点思考

文章系统地介绍了项目立项之前进行专利检索的重要性,如何做到专利申请的保质保量,并介绍了企业如何从专利保护到专利运营的过渡以及专利的标准化.     

基于客户价值导向的高校专利运营研究

高校专利技术管理的快速发展和不断创新要求从一个全新的视角对其有了更系统的了解.目前对高校专利的研究主要集中在专利成果转化方面,而社会的市场化要求我们必须把高校作为一个运营主体去研究高校在市场中面对特殊的客户如何运营专利,从而提高专利的转化实施率.本文首先对国内外学者的研究作了梳理,总结了研究成果及不足;接着分析了我国高校专利转化的现状及问题,在充分分析客户价值的基础上构建了高校专利运营模式;最后,在此基础上对基于客户价值的高校专利运营进行了初步探讨.     

基于BSC方法的专利运营绩效评价研究

专利运营作为企业知识产权运营的重要组成部分,倍受企业的重视。而在实务中,又因对企业专利运营缺乏有效的绩效评价体系,影响了企业专利战略目标的有效实现。通过基于平衡记分卡（Balanced Score card）构建了企业专利运营绩效指标体系,旨在消除现行评价方法中存在的不足,并运用灰色关联度模型对指标体系进行测度。     

基于大数据背景下的专利运营创新模式研究

文章在大数据背景下,深入研究专利运用创新模式,并对现阶段中国专利运营的发展情况以及不足之处进行了分析,研究结论表明,中国专利运营机构类型较多,数量增加迅速,以科研院所、企业、专利服务及交易平台为主体构成了中国专利运营体系;专利许可是可预期现金流重要途径,中国专利许可占专利运营活动比重较低,大多数专利未真正投入使用,发展空间还很大.同时,文章提出基于大数据的专利运营创新模式,包括专利技术开发运营创新模式、以运营机构为桥梁依托高校研发团队开展的专利运营模式、综合性政府主导的专利运营模式、基于大数据的贸易化运营模式.最后,提出大数据背景下提升专利运营模式的策略,包括加强运营管理能力、提高公共专利数据平台利用能力、加快推动公共数据的开放与共享.     

知识产权密集型产业专利联盟运营模式创新研究

基于商务模式创新视角,提出了知识产权密集型产业专利联盟的6种专利运营模式,包括专利谈判模式、专利许可模式、产业合作模式、知识产权与产业发展论坛模式、专利联盟与专利运营中心协同模式以及品牌共享与合作模式。围绕传统型企业与知识产权密集型企业之间的商标诉讼案,剖析了其负面影响,提出了权利冲突的解决方案。最后,从食品产业专利联盟运营层面,提出设立淮安捆蹄地理标志品牌保护推广平台和缘文化传播公共平台。     

科技型小微企业专利运营体系及融资模式研究

基于专利运营体系的融资模式是解决科技型小微企业融资难的有效方法。专利融资可分为由单个企业主导的专利质押融资和基于专利运营体系并以专利池企业联盟主导的专利池信托融资两种基本类型。科技型小微企业专利池信托融资的运行机理是在银行与小微企业的信贷结构中,引入专利池信托机构作为中介,改善银行与小微企业之间信息不对称状况,使小微企业获得银行贷款、银行拓展小微企业融资业务、专利池信托机构得到提供融资增值服务的收益,从而实现专利运营体系整体利益最大化。其中,提高专利池信托机构能力,使其能够成为银行与小微企业双重利益代表,是科技型小微企业专利池信托融资模式运行的关键。     

创新驱动下专利运营法律问题研究

创新驱动发展战略是国家重大战略。知识产权制度作为国家创新体系的核心制度之一,在创新驱动发展战略实施过程中,应该发挥其核心支柱作用。专利作为衡量国家创新能力的重要指标之一,不仅反映出技术水平高低,而且能直观地展现技术创新能力提高情况。如今,我国专利数量增长迅速,但是专利运营方面存在许多问题,和国外相比仍有很大差距。由此,提出国家应立法保障专利运营,同时应加强专利运营布局,形成规模化专利经济体系,进而带动整个专利运营市场健康快速发展,促进科技成果转化。     

专利密集型产业再认识：一个新分析框架

利用4次经济普查数据，构建专利密集型产业经济绩效比较优势影响因素分析框架。研究结果表明，在控制区域差异和产业异质性后，相比于非专利密集型产业，专利质量比较优势会显著提升专利密集型产业竞争优势；技术标准是专利密集型产业发展的制高点，技术标准数量优势对专利密集型产业经济比较优势有正向促进作用；相比内资企业，专利密集型产业外资企业的经济比较优势更显著，这主要归功于其较强的专利运营能力和更高的专利质量。据此，提出相关对策建议。     

专利特征对加入专利池的影响——基于MPEG LA的实证研究

什么特征的专利更容易加入专利池？以MPEGLA专利池内1073件专利与池外1073件控制专利为样本,实证研究专利技术范围、权利与地域范围、审批与维持时间、前向与后向引用对加入专利池的影响。结果表明,技术和地域覆盖范围越广,维持时间越长,专利引用与被引数次越多,越有可能加入专利池;专利审批时间越长,非专利文献引用越多,越难加入专利池;权利要求范围对专利能否入池无显著影响。研究结论对企业专利文件撰写、专利入池申请及专利池管理机构开展专利评估具有重要意义。     

当代专利制度改革的理论思潮:劫持论与反向劫持论

专利劫持论者指责专利权人基于劣质专利,选择事后主张,以诉讼相威胁,达到敲竹杠的目的;专利反向劫持论者则强调专利权人的委屈,制造业巨头们无视独立发明人或小企业主的权利主张,恣意免费使用专利技术,专利劫持和反向劫持之间似乎有着不可协调的矛盾。当前专利钓饵不断兴风作浪,将大量发明者推向专利流氓阵营。因此,既要反对专利劫持,又要避免走向反向专利劫持。专利制度改革应该综合两者观点,通过降低专利实施中交易成本、信息不对称和不确定性来维护专利制度的正当性。     

美国专利主张实体合法性检视及中国的应对策略

专利主张实体（PAE）是基于美国专利制度缺陷而产生的一种专利商业化经营实体，其通过有目的地收购专利，以主张权利和提起诉讼为手段，获得高额许可费或和解费用。PAE本身并不违法，但其在运营中可能会限制竞争并抑制创新，这些行为构成非法。通过分析PAE运营中可能涉及的不合法行为，借鉴美国应对PAE的策略和举措，提出我国从3个方面着手防御和应对PAE：重视源头控制，通过完善我国专利制度，抑制PAE兴诉动力和能力；完善专利法和反垄断法，强化对PAE的事后规制；发挥政府宣传引导作用，全面提升企业自身应对能力，提前部署PAE应对策略。     

专利转化及相关基本概念辨析与思考

专利转化及专利实施、专利转移、专利产业化是专利运用研究中的基本概念,但这些概念的内涵与外延并不清晰,混淆概念的情况较为常见。基于现有文献研究,明晰专利转化的基本内涵,并且将专利转化与其它相关概念进行比较,认为专利转化强调专利技术物化结果,且专利技术形态发生质的变化;专利实施方式具体体现为制造、使用、许诺销售、销售、进口5种形态,但不排除随着技术发展将产生新的专利实施方式;专利技术从供方向受方定向流动;由专利技术带动规模效应即为专利产业化。     

A heuristic procedure to identify the most valuable chain of patent priority network

In this study, we provide support for the argument that patents are at their maximum value at those times when they are under litigation. We develop a heuristic procedure to determine the way in which such patents under litigation form a network of patent family members, and then go on to examine the priority patents involved. We subsequently attempt to develop a simple procedure to further identify both the ‘critical’ and ‘significant’ chains within our proposed patent priority network. We suggest that the ‘critical’ and ‘significant’ chains that are created within the above network provide companies with important information which will ultimately provide them with valuable support for the subsequent decision of their patent portfolio strategies.     

Optimal patent length and height

Patent breadth and length have been discussed extensively in innovation literature. In this article, I analyze the optimal degree of novelty of patent protection and its tradeoff with patent length. In the context of subsequent innovations each innovation builds on the previous one. The degree of novelty necessary for a non-infringing patent is crucial for the firms’ incentive to innovate. One of the findings is that a monopolist’s optimal degree of novelty is lesser than would be socially desirable. Furthermore, there exists a finite optimal patent length. Competitors introducing an improved technology cause uncertainty which may be compensated by extending patent length.

The relationship between a firm's patent quality and its market value — The case of US pharmaceutical industry

This study examined the relationships between corporate market value and four patent quality indicators - relative patent position (RPP), revealed technology advantage (RTA), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of patents (HHI of patents), and patent citations - in the US pharmaceutical industry. The results showed that RPP and patent citations were positively associated with corporate market value, but HHI of patents was negatively associated with it, while RTA was not significantly related to it. Thus, if pharmaceutical companies want to enhance their market value, they should increase their leading positions in their most important technological fields, cultivate more diversity of technological capabilities, and raise innovative value of their patents. In addition, this study found that market value of pharmaceutical companies with high patent counts was higher than that of pharmaceutical companies with low patent counts, and suggested that pharmaceutical companies with low patent counts should increase RPP in their most technological fields, decrease HHI of patents, or raise patent citations to further enhance their market value. Furthermore, this study developed a classification for the pharmaceutical companies to divide them into four types, and provided some suggestions to them.     

美国专利实用性探析与启示

文章基于美国专利实用性相关案例资料,对美国专利实用性的内涵、功能进行了分析,报告了美国专利实用性含义的演变历程。通过采用案例分析、规范分析等方法,基于美国相关案例对有关专利实用性含义的解释进行了实证调查,指出了司法案例对于特定实用性、基本实用性、实际实用性、道德实用性的具体界定,同时解读了美国宪法和专利法对于专利实用性的相关规定,反映了专利实用性在化学物质、基因技术等领域的应用问题,认为专利实用性具有提高专利质量和进行利益权衡的功能,美国专利商标局和法院通过对实用性标准进行灵活掌握,有助于实现专利权人与社会公共之间的利益平衡,其运用专利法基本制度作为实现价值权衡工具的做法值得我国借鉴。     

A New Comprehensive Patent Analysis Approach for New Product Design in Mechanical Engineering

This study proposes a five-phase procedure for a new product design process. Based on the concept of “focus first, then extend”, this study presents a new approach called the New Comprehensive Patent Analysis model (NCPA) which combines the patent family with patent citation analysis in a new product design process. The procedure includes the following features: (1) integrating the perspective of management-based and technology-based design for patent searching, (2) building a patent family based on industry basic patents, (3) filtering the patent family to obtain key patents, (4) utilizing patent citations to gain necessary technology information in product development design, and (5) combining TRIZ theory to construct patent technology performance maps, and to discover product niches. This NCPA model is empirically applied in a real case. The results show that the NCPA improves the overall efficiency of new product designs, but also involves higher cost than other approaches.     

Lovely but dangerous: The impact of patent citations on patent renewal

What is the impact of patent citations on patent renewal behaviour? Patent citations are commonly used as an indicator of technology spillovers. For cited patents, therefore, patent citations have a potentially ambiguous impact. On the one hand, patent citations may indicate a scientific breakthrough, a high value of the cited patent and therefore a long survival period. On the other hand, patent citations may indicate competing innovations that render the cited patent obsolete. By discriminating patents by technology field, it is demonstrated that patents that receive citations across technology fields survive longer than other patents. Patents that receive citations within the same technology field lapse earlier.