Corporate property rights

Corporate property rights present an interesting challenge to the liberal conception of property rights, for it is unclear that the self-respect of individuals is promoted by the existence of a system of property rights for corporations. I argue that it is difficult even to identify who the individuals are who are the owners of large corporations, and why these individuals should be given the same claims, protections and immunities as other property rights holders since the liabilities of corporate property rights holders are not the same as of those, for instance, who own their own homes. In this paper I first try to understand who it is who owns the large corporation. Secondly, I show that the limited liability of these corporate property owners makes the justification of corporate property rights quite difficult, from the classical liberal perspective. I end with a few brief remarks on changes in legal policy which would be consistent with my arguments on the nature and justification of corporate property rights. Larry May is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Purdue University. He was awarded with the Exxon Education Foundation Grant during the Summer of 1982. His most important publications are Vicarious Agency and Corporate Responsibility (Philosophical Studies 43, pp. 69–82, 1983), On Conscience (American Philosophical Quarterly 20, pp. 57–67, 1983), Professional Actions and the Liabilities of Professional Associations (Business and Professional Ethics Journal 2, pp. 1–14, Fall 1982), and Sexual Harassment (Social Theory and Practice 6, pp. 249–280, 1980).     

浅析党内民主与人民民主的关系

党内民主和人民民主构成了社会主义民主的基本内容,二者有着密切的关系.党内民主对人民民主起着示范和带动作用,人民民主的发展对党内民主建设也提出新的更高的要求.二者互动共进,才能推动社会主义民主的发展.     

企业兼并与边界重构:一个基于现代企业理论的分析框架

兼并是企业进行外部扩张的重要手段 ,但企业兼并本身是一把双刃剑。兼并是否能够获得理想的绩效 ,在一定程度上取决于兼并后企业的边界是否最优。本文基于现代企业理论 ,从企业的交易频率、资产专用性和契约环境三个维度分析了影响企业边界的因素 ,并进一步指出企业兼并的最终极限是企业的有效边界。由于兼并不同于企业通过自身积累而进行的扩张 ,完成兼并后的企业边界往往并不是相对有效的 ,企业必须进行边界重构。企业在综合考虑边界重构成本和政策环境的基础上 ,可以采取消除边界冗余等相应措施实施边界重构。     

Corporate Identity and the Advent of Corporate Marketing

This paper places corporate identity studies in a historical context with the writer arguing that there have been four distinct phases in the area's evolution. Currently, there is increasing international and interdisciplinary contact between scholars engaged in identity research. Recent developments have led the writer to postulate that the literature on corporate identity, organisational identity and corporate communication may be regarded as forming the basic building blocks of a new, cognate area of management which in time may be known as Corporate Marketing.

However, the marketing mix as applied to organisations in their totality will need to be rethought. In this paper the 4Ps are extended to 10Ps with philosophy, personality, people, performance, perception and positioning complementing the existing 4Ps. In addition, the author identifies nine key interfaces, which need to be examined by managers and consultants when reviewing an organisation's identity. Such interfaces represent 'moments of truth' for an organisation's senior management when evaluating their organisation's identity.     

企业文化与企业诚信

企业文化的核心是价值观,实现价值观的内核是诚信,二者具有一致性.诚信是企业文化建设的起点,也是企业成功的基础.现代企业要为实现诚信提供制度保障,更要在企业文化中赋予诚信以核心地位,并将企业诚信贯穿到企业方方面面.在企业文化中落实诚信、构建诚信体系,首先要在企业内部培养诚信的企业文化,树立诚信的文化氛围;其次,要在企业外部建立产品诚信、服务诚信、销售诚信、竞争诚信等客户诚信;再次,要在企业之间以诚信结盟,实现资本与资源的有效调配和高效利用.诚信建设不会一蹴而就,要始终贯穿于企业的每一个环节和一切活动之中,持之以恒,并不断加强诚信管理.     

Autocracy,democracy and trade policy

This paper develops a politico-economic model for use in studying the role of intra-elite conflict in the simultaneous determination of a country's political regime, trade policy and income-tax-based redistribution scheme. Three socioeconomic groups are involved: two elite groups and workers, whose preferences regarding trade policy and income taxation are derived from a simple open-economy model. The critical point is that income taxation induces a rich–poor/elite–workers political cleavage, while trade policy opens the door to intra-elite conflict. In this model, when there is no intra-elite conflict, changes in trade policy are associated with political transitions. Coups (democratizations) open up the economy if and only if both elite groups are pro-free-trade (protectionist). However, in the presence of intra-elite conflict, autocracies respond to popular revolts by changing trade policy and reallocating political power within the elite (to the elite group with the same trade policy preference as the workers) rather than offering to democratize the country. The change in trade policy is credible because the elite group with the same trade policy preference as the workers controls the autocracy. Moreover, in the presence of intra-elite conflict, coups tend to result in the maintenance of the existing trade policy unless popular demands are extremely radical and/or the elite group with the same trade policy preference as the workers is exceptionally weak.     

The WTO and the rights of the individual

The WTO agreements comprise a system of obligations and rights for member governments. None of these apply directly to individual actors. Nevertheless, the WTO does reach into the nation-state to guarantee rights to individuals. The following article explores this little-noted dimension of international economic law and proposes ways that a new WTO trade round could build on developments so far in order to strengthen private rights. The views expressed are those of the author.     

论民主与宪政的良性互动

若单独、分离地看待民主和宪政的问题,通常无法得到满意的答案.而民主、宪政都各自存在内部缺陷,它们的发展过程是一个互相批评、互相补救的过程,这一过程是有始无终的,但此过程的稳定状态便是民主和宪政的良性互动.民主与完政在精神上的融合,就要求构建完政民主体制,以程序法则为规制     

公司法监管与公司绩效提升

基于我国上市公司的实证分析,认为公司法监管可以提高公司绩效,但是法律的过度监管也会损害公司管理层的积极性,对于投资者保护不能以损害公司管理层的积极性为代价。我国现有公司法实施体制应该充分发挥有利于公司管理层辩护的司法体制的功能,并引入商业判断规则,而不应过度依靠行政执法(证监会执法),以实现投资者保护与管理层保护的平衡。     

浅析新公司法关于有限责任公司股东退出机制

新公司法的出台对于有限责任公司股东退出问题提供了新的依据,使投资者不仅可“得门而入”,而且可以在一定条件下“全身而退”。有限责任公司的股东,可以通过股权的内部转让、股权的外部转让等约定退出,还可以通过维权之诉等法定退出。     

公司治理与企业社会责任研究

<正>一、引言企业社会责任研究兴起于20世纪初,从20世纪50年代开始,西方学术界和企业界就对企业社会责任展开了热烈的讨论。目前对企业社会责任研究可分为两部分,第一部分是对企业社会责任概念的界定和完善     

企业价值观与企业管理模式

企业价值观日益成为现代企业管理的核心原则和灵魂因素，它决定着企业管理模式及其相关的方方面面。知识管理模式，将是以人力资本和技术为动力，以高新技术产业为支柱，以强大的系统化、高新化、高效化的科学研究体系为后盾，以信息生产和利用为核心，用知识价值不断更新目标经济的一种新型企业管理模式。     

企业人力资本与企业绩效的实证分析

实证研究了我国上市公司企业人力资本与企业绩效的关系,分析了企业人力资本与企业绩效作用的机理。对不同的行业来说,企业人力资本与企业绩效都具有正相关关系;在同一行业内,拥有高人力资本存量的企业的业绩并不一定优于拥有低人力资本存量的企业业绩,不同的行业有不同的表现。     

Ethical Compliance Programs and Corporate Illegality: Testing the Assumptions of the Corporate Sentencing Guidelines

This paper analyses the ethical performance of foreign-investment enterprises operating in China in comparison to that of the indigenous state-owned enterprises, collectives and private enterprises. It uses both the deontological approach and the utilitarian approach in conceptualization, and applies quantitative and econometric techniques to ethical evaluations of empirical evidences. It shows that according to various ethical performance indicators, foreign-investment enterprises have fared well in comparison with local firms. This paper also tries to unravel the effect of a difference in business culture and competitive market forces on ethical performance by comparing the behavior of foreign-investment enterprises with that of the indigenous state-owned enterprises and collectives on the one hand, and with that of the indigenous private enterprises on the other.     

Situating the employee rights debate

Theological ethics provides a framework for at least adequately resolving the dilemma inherent in the issue of employee rights: the tension between individual rights and organizational authority. The central question is what consitutes the human dignity of the worker. The Roman Catholic theological tradition centers on the concept of human dignity and recognizes the causal relationship between how one's social conditions are divided and structured and the realization of one's human dignity. The author discussed why and how this tradition provides a useful methodology for resolving the employee rights debate. Donald J. Kirby is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at the Le Moyne College of Syracuse, New York. He was previously Fellow at the Woodstock Theological Center, Georgetown University. His most important publication is Prophesy vs. Profits: An Investment Dilemma for the Churches, Orbis Books, Maryknoll, N.Y, 1980     

试论企业价值观与企业形象塑造

在竞争日益激烈的市场经济条件下 ,企业形象塑造已成为众多企业制胜的法宝 ;而作为企业形象塑造核心的企业价值观 ,直接影响着企业形象的精神层、制度层和物质层等各个层面的形象塑造效果。因此 ,为了迎接WTO的各种挑战 ,中国的企业形象塑造 ,应在树立体现时代特色的科学的现代企业价值观的基础上 ,适时导入CI战略 ,打造“MADEINCHINA”的中国名牌。     

企业人力资本与企业绩效的实证分析

实证研究了我国上市公司企业人力资本与企业绩效的关系,分析了企业人力资本与企业绩效作用的机理.对不同的行业来说,企业人力资本与企业绩效都具有正相关关系;在同一行业内,拥有高人力资本存量的企业的业绩并不一定优于拥有低人力资本存量的企业业绩,不同的行业有不同的表现.