论综合性集群在企业竞争中的作用

文章讨论了集群的本质属性，并以世界几个地区为例进行了解释说明。迄今为止，集群概念尚未被人们完全理解，很多关于集群发展的问题有待探讨。文章就综合性集群内的经营管理和IT问题作了简要的分析和讨论。     

Some Classic Views on Entrepreneurship

The topic of entrepreneurship currently experiences a revived interest as is shown by the research agenda of today's empirical researchers. There are few issues in economics which are backed up by such a rich historical knowledge base as is the case with entrepreneurship. This paper aims to give an overview of some important classic contributions relating to today's and tomorrow's empirical research subjects. The overview consists of answers to six research questions by six historical contributors to entrepreneurship research. Together, these questions give some insight into the determinants of successful entrepreneurship. The classic contributors considered are Cantillon, Say, Marshall, Schumpeter, Knight, and Kirzner. Their views are compared to each other as well as to some recent results of empirical research into the determinants of successful entrepreneurship.     

Capital Flows: The South African Experience

There has been a significant rise in the empirical work distinguishing between episodes of sharp slowdowns and surges in capital inflows. Much of this analysis has centred on gaining a better understanding of the cyclical behaviour of capital flows. This paper continues in this vein by identifying capital flow episodes for South Africa and analyses the nature and main drivers of cross‐border flows during these episodes. This paper makes two major contributions to the empirical work on South African capital flows. First, specific attention is given to some pertinent measurement issues in the identification of capital flow episodes for South Africa. The post capital account liberalisation period (post‐1995‐period) is delineated into a “normal” period (when capital inflows were close to historical averages) and an “abnormal” period (when capital inflows deviated significantly from the historical average). Second, the paper identifies some defining characteristics during these two periods. In this regard, the behaviour of domestic and foreign agents as drivers of capital flows and the probability of capital flow reversals across asset classes are given particular attention. Although these issues have significant policy implications, they have, to date, been given limited attention in the empirical work on South African capital flows.     

威廉姆森与交易成本经济学

文章介绍了威廉姆森在交易成本经济学方面的主要贡献。在简要回顾交易成本经济学发展的基础上,重点介绍了威廉姆森对于交易成本经济学的基本思路和三大主要贡献。文章还讨论了交易成本经济学对于正处在变革时代中国经济的启示。文章认为,由威廉姆森开创的交易成本经济学对于我国市场体制改革等方面具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Some theoretical and empirical issues relating to economic stabilization in developing countries

This paper surveys some issues relating to economic stabilization in developing countries. Section 2 examines the contributions of terms-of-trade deterioration and real exchange rate appreciation to payments imbalances in non-oil developing countries during the 1970s. Section 3 distinguishes between demand-side and supply-side policies, and discusses their respective roles in stabilization programmes. The effects of exchange-rate changes are considered within this framework. In Section 4, the effects of alternative stabilization policies on output, prices and the balance of payments are illustrated using simulations of a model that incorporates the major relationships relevant to a typical programme. Section 5 summarizes the conclusions.     

Agricultural reconstruction in a consumer society: The Mboza Village project 1

While this paper draws upon research conducted in northern Natal, it has general relevance for rural development debates in South Africa today. The authors argue that it is imperative that agricultural development be located within the context of socio‐economic factors that prescribe relations of consumption and development of labour supply. Agricultural performance and the potential for agricultural development should be assessed within the context of the interrelationship between different spheres of economic exchange as well as the differential management of risk within a narrow range of marginal economic options. Serious attention should be given to the structural causes of rural poverty and the high social and economic costs associated with rural life in South Africa. Such issues are not necessarily addressed in attempts to increase rural productivity through reforming indigenous land tenure systems.     

汉语作为动词型语言的“中动结构式”研究

中动结构式在英语、德语等语言中广泛存在，是动词中的一种特殊构式。它的特殊和复杂性一直是中外语言学界研究的焦点。研究表明，汉语是一种动词型语言，汉语的动词语义功能强大，因此，“汉语中同样存在中动结构论”历来是专家、学者们跨文化语言对比英语中动结构的一个讨论焦点。通过以分析语言学界强调汉语中动结构式的研究为出发点。本文简要介绍了近年中国国内语言学界汉语“中动结构式”研究的发展情况以及肯定和否定该理论的主要代表学者和他们的观点。     

块状世界的经济学——空间经济学点评

The major subjects of the Spatial Economics are studying the spatial distributions of economic activities, investigating those factors and mechanism determining the spatial style of economic activities, and reintroducing the spatial factor neglected by the Mainstream Economics for a long period into the general equilibrium frame. This paper presents the main research object of the Spatial Economy, as well as its＇ foundations, the catalog and artifice of those theoretical models, and main insights of the Spatial Economy, evaluates the theoretical improvement of the Spatial Economy in brief.     

A decomposition analysis of income inequality of Chinese rural households

This paper reports an application of household survey data collected from grain producing areas in five provinces of China to issues of the determinants of rural inequality. Previous studies suggest that non-agricultural activities have been the major cause of rural income inequality, which has important implications for policy formulation. However, our results show that inequality within the grain producing areas was also very high, with differences in crop income as the major source of inequality. The policy implications are also different from those of previous studies. While some suggest that an increase in agricultural income can reduce inequality, our results indicate that this is not universally true. In some cases, whether the increase in crop income has come from state procurement also matters. These results call for a more cautious and area-specific approach to policy formulation as far as inequality is concerned.     

制度创新对区域经济发展的影响

制度创新一直以来对于中国经济的蓬勃发展都起着重要的作用.从财政政策、产业政策、教育水平以及对外开放程度4个维度量化制度创新,运用2006—2019年省级面板数据进行回归计量,考察制度创新与区域经济的相关性.考虑到空间相关性,在通过莫兰检验后,引入空间杜宾模型进行计量,得到的研究结果表明,现行财政政策与教育水平尚不能促进经济发展,产业政策与对外开放程度显著促进地区经济发展,然而教育以及对外政策对于邻近地区的经济却产生显著的负向效应.将样本分为东、中、西三大区域计量,得到的结果则显示制度创新各要素对于三大区域经济的影响呈现显著的异质性.     

基于战略的业绩评价系统理论框架——管理控制的视角

尽管业绩评价和管理控制领域的问题比较复杂并且相互交叉,但是研究却基于简单且片面的背景进行。简单化使研究工作比较容易实施,但却造成了不同研究的发现含糊不清且相互矛盾。为了消除这类问题,文章提出了基于战略的业绩评价系统理论框架作为研究工具,以一个更为全面的方式来描述业绩评价系统的结构和运行。文章的框架基于相关文献以及个体观察和经验进行开发,为那些研究业绩评价系统设计和运行的研究者提供了一个有用的工具,通过框架模板帮助研究者描述系统的每个关键要素。文章还运用实地研究资料来说明系统框架能够被用于综述一个企业业绩评价的重要问题。     

家庭金融研究的回顾与展望

家庭金融是金融学界不少学者关注的研究课题。近十年来,家庭金融的研究取得了一定的进展。国外对家庭金融的研究,大多是以发达国家单一的现代经济为研究背景的。与发达国家不同,我国的城乡二元经济结构特征显著,在这种背景下,我国城乡家庭金融存在着显著的差异。本文从家庭金融的含义出发,从家庭金融资产和金融负债两个角度对国内外家庭金融的研究进行了回顾和展望,     

高新技术特色产业基地集聚态势研究——以广东为例

国内外的理论研究与实践经验均表明,高新技术的发展具有显著的空间集聚特征。本文从产业集聚理论角度出发,以广东为例,通过对实证结果的分析,探索了高新技术特色产业基地的一些发展规律和存在的问题,指出广东省高新技术特色产业基地的发展已经呈现出明显的地理上的层次性,提出了加强和培育高新技术特色产业基地发展的政策建议。     

The next paradigm shift in China and India?

China and India were relatively unscathed by the global financial and economic crisis: after a brief downturn, stellar economic growth is back on track. New global and regional economic and political orders are also emerging in the post‐crisis period with both nations playing a prominent role. There is heightened attention being given to the nature of their development paradigm and related matters such as governance. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the subject. Second, China and India's paradigms for development progress are outlined. Third, the key current and emerging risks and challenges facing these nations are discussed. Fourth, their respective fault lines are exposed. Fifth, some final thoughts are offered on the possible shape of the next development paradigm shift. I conclude by suggesting that the next paradigm shift in China and India will likely successfully tackle some of the unresolved developmental problems that these nations face.     

农民专业合作社发展现状的实证研究——基于安徽省7县（区）47个合作社的问卷调查

基于安徽省7县（区）47个农民专业合作社的问卷调查,文章以实证的方法描述了当前农民专业合作社发展的基本状况、主要特征和存在问题等,并在此基础上进行了简要分析。值得重视是总体而言当前存在重发展轻规范的问题。另外,在扶持政策落实、融资、民主管理等方面都还有许多问题亟待解决。     

中国区域经济增长及其收敛性:空间面板数据分析

本文运用空间面板数据分析方法考察中国区域经济增长和收敛性问题。首先介绍了空间固定效应模型的设定和经济意义，并概要说明了面板数据模型的空间相关性检验、模型选择和估计等问题。在此基础上，使用空间固定效应模型对1985-2004年中国省级区域经济增长及其收敛性进行了实证分析。发现条件收敛是非常可靠的经验结论，同时验证了增长过程中区域外溢显著存在。最后概括了主要研究结论和促进区域经济协调发展的政策含义。     

Network Effects of Countries’ Exchange Rate Regime Choices: A Spatial Analysis

This paper studies two issues of countries’ exchange rate regime (ERR) choices: why countries peg and, if they peg, how they choose their anchor currency. Previous studies focus on the use of country-specific factors to explain countries’ exchange rate regime choices. However, though some papers found strong correlation between idiosyncratic factors and ERR choices, these factors cannot fully explain the contemporary movement of the choices. It is possible that large swings in regime choices are caused by network effects: a few countries change their ERR and other countries follow. If this snowball effect is true for countries’ decisions, we should be able to observe spatial autocorrelations among countries’ ERR choices. Using spatial analysis, we found that countries are likely to follow the ERRs of other countries, and countries’ ERRs are jointly determined by network effects and country-specific factors. The findings indicate that countries may achieve higher welfare by jointly choosing their ERRs with their major partners through cooperation and negotiation.     

Sustainability economics, resource efficiency, and the Green New Deal

The paper addresses major sustainability issues within a simple general framework. It studies energy scarcity and endogenous capital formation in the long and medium run. It is shown that energy efficiency depends on the sectoral structure of the economy. Accordingly, structural change is an efficient way to promote both efficiency and sustainable development. The results for the medium run imply that the current crises offer a scope for the greening of the economy, provided that policy increases productivity through trust-building. However, there are major differences between economic recovery and sustainability so that the proposals of the Green New Deal have to be evaluated with care.     

Banking Regulation and Systemic Risk

The term Systemic Risk belongs to the standard rhetoric of economic policy discussions related to the banking industry. Besides the goal of protecting small depositors, control of systemic risk is given as one of the main arguments for banking regulation. Various recent financial crises have increasingly focused the regulatory debate on issues of systemic risk and financial stability. There is, however, no generally accepted definition of systemic risk and the effectiveness and the economic consequences of various instruments of banking regulation that are intended to attenuate it are still only partially understood both theoretically and empirically. In this paper, we make an attempt to discuss some of the issues raised in this debate by reviewing recent contributions to the academic literature.     

基于LBS数据的历史文化街区旅游商业化空间分布研究--以江汉路及中山大道片历史文化街区为例

随着30个国家级历史文化街区的公布和文化旅游的繁荣发展,近年来,历史文化街区的旅游商业化发展问题备受关注。文章以武汉江汉路及中山大道片历史文化街区为例,通过Python爬虫从大众点评网站获取商户LBS数据,将商户业态分为8类,综合运用GIS的最邻近指数和核密度分析方法,研究了不同商业业态的空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现,不同类型的商业业态在空间分布类型及分布状态上均存在差异;商业业态的空间分布会受到历史文化资源分布密度、街巷空间和政策等因素的影响。最后,针对历史文化街区的商业业态空间分布提出建议。