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1.
Tracking farmland purchases is central to interpreting transnational finance's growing power in agrarian restructuring. Australia's public Register of foreign land ownership reveals little about agrarian change, however. In presenting the first comprehensive mapping of farmland purchases made between 2008 and 2020, this paper examines the ways that financial investments are altering farm ownership patterns in Australia. First, we show that most foreign owned land has been purchased by only 10 pastoral companies, which are implicated in speculative development activities. Second, foreign investment in cropping and horticulture is more significant than it appears in the Register, with investments in agricultural infrastructure increasingly driving land use change. Third, we illustrate the deepening entrenchment of institutional finance. By engaging with the findings from our dataset as well as with the politics of data that have shaped the availability of information, the paper progresses understandings of the financialization of farmland in both its material and ideational aspects. 相似文献
2.
Interconnected sets of vulnerabilities have emerged in the European food system since 2007–2008, raising concerns about food security in a region with arguably some of the most advanced and prosperous economies and environmental governance frameworks. Historically, this is suggesting the current “double jeopardy” problem in food system vulnerability—with systemic declines both in sustainability (the ability of the food system to ecologically renew itself) and food security (the ability of a population to access sufficient nutritional foods and feed itself). By focusing on both drivers and impacts of food system vulnerabilities in the European Union and United Kingdom, this paper explores a grounded and relational approach to financialization—recognized as a key expression of recent growing vulnerabilities. Through the prism of the current socio‐economic pressures facing food producers, and the emergence of potentially “stranded assets” in the agri‐food system more generally, the analysis seeks to show how the combined relationships between neo‐liberalized governance and the market volatilities encouraged by new rounds of financialization are creating “nested” vulnerabilities. As we conclude, a critical, grounded, and systemic understanding of food system vulnerabilities thus becomes a key feature and precursor for potentially developing more resilient agri‐food systems—both regionally and globally. 相似文献
3.
研究目的:阐述多元化食物供给和耕地保护协同推进的逻辑、机制及路径,为新时代粮食安全问题提供新思路。研究方法:理论分析法、归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)协同推进多元化食物供给和耕地保护是新时代粮食安全战略转型的本质要求、国家生态文明建设的核心需求、中国式农业现代化建设的必由之路及应对全球复杂格局的必然选择。(2)多元化食物供给和耕地保护协同推进具有理论同源性、根本目标一致性、核心价值同一性和实践过程联动性。(3)新时代耕地保护必须注重与山水林湖草沙全域全要素空间配置,要素重组、空间重构、产业重塑是大食物观下多元化食物供给和耕地保护协同推进的激活机制。(4)未来应从双轮驱动政策体系、耕地利用转型、食物消费结构多元化和创新全产业链利用模式等方面促进多元化食物供给和耕地保护协同推进。研究结论:大食物观下多元化食物供给和耕地保护协同推进有助于保障新时代国家粮食安全,对耕地保护转型和制度创新具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
4.
The effect of COVID-19 on Canadian food security is examined from two different perspectives. COVID-19 creates a unique “income shock” that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. This food insecurity can be measured by utilizing the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). More fundamentally, COVID-19 heightens household concern about the capacity of the Canadian food system to ensure food availability. Despite surges in demand and supply chain disruptions, we currently do not observe broad, rapid appreciation in food prices. This suggests that there is an adequate supply of food for the near term. There is less certainty over intermediate and longer time periods because so many factors are in flux, particularly the rate of increases in sicknesses and deaths across the country and globally. Data on these health factors and elements of the food supply chain are needed to predict beyond a short time frame. In this regard, we discuss three ongoing considerations—ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation—that will help ensure food availability in the longer run. 相似文献
5.
李柯瑶 《中国农业资源与区划》2016,37(5):120-124
随着我国现代农业的不断发展和推进,粮食安全、食品安全及生态安全等诸多有关生物安全方面的问题也备受关注。文章通过系统性地阐述了与粮食安全有关的激素滥用、农药制剂残留和基因污染等食品安全问题以及生态环境破坏、生态系统破坏等生态安全问题,并在此基础上有针对性地提出了建立与我国国情相匹配的农业格局,合理利用生物技术以提高转基因生物安全性以及加大政府监测力度并完善相关法律法规等解决我国粮食安全问题的一系列对策,为保障我国粮食安全、食品安全以及生态安全的协调同步发展提供理论指导建议。 相似文献
6.
Using data generated from surveys conducted on First Nations throughout Canada, we use regression analysis to examine factors influencing food insecurity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a regression-based analysis has been conducted to examine food insecurity on First Nations in Canada. As expected, income is inversely related to the likelihood that one reports their household as experiencing food insecurity. In addition, individuals in extremely remote areas are more likely to report their household as experiencing food insecurity. Although traditional food consumption is prevalent, we do not find evidence that it is associated with reductions in the prevalence of self-reported household food insecurity. We find that gender and mental health are associated with perceived household food insecurity. Although this study is novel, for reasons and limitations detailed in the paper, it should be viewed as an initial effort to establish potential relationships that underscore one of the most important issues facing Canada: the high prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations communities. 相似文献
7.
Mehmet Ulubasoglu Debdulal Mallick Mokhtarul Wadud Phillip Hone Henry Haszler 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2016,60(2):177-195
There is renewed interest in robust estimates of food demand elasticities at a disaggregated level not only to analyse the impact of changing food preferences on the agricultural sector, but also to establish the likely impact of pricing incentives on households. Using data drawn from two national Household Expenditure Surveys covering the periods 1998/1999 and 2003/2004, and adopting an Almost Ideal Demand System approach that addresses the zero observations problem, this paper estimates a food demand system for 15 food categories for Australia. The categories cover the standard food items that Australian households demand routinely. Own‐price, cross‐price and expenditure elasticity estimates of the Marshallian and Hicksian types have been derived for all categories. The parameter estimates obtained in this study represent the first integrated set of food demand elasticities based on a highly disaggregated food demand system for Australia, and all accord with economic intuition. 相似文献
8.
研究目的:阐释大食物观与国土空间开发和保护的交互逻辑,重塑大食物观统领下的国土空间开发与保护新格局。研究方法:理论分析法、归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)大食物观是国家粮食安全的全新理念、“人民至上”价值取向的具体实践、新时代生态文明思想的拓展延续、适应全球复杂格局的现实需求;(2)大食物观与国土空间开发和保护关联密切,凸显人地协调的系统逻辑、统筹兼顾的整体逻辑、人与自然和谐的共生逻辑和供需匹配的实践逻辑;(3)当前国土空间开发和保护实践存在偏差,耕地用途管制政策与实践需求不匹配,生态保护红线与农业生产矛盾,生态产品价值缺失导致多方弱参与,“大食物观”边界模糊加大了制度粘度与跨界操作难度;(4)未来应从精细化管控耕地用途、重构大农业生产空间、统筹山水田林湖草海沙开发与保护和创新食品全产业链空间利用模式等方面重塑国土空间开发和保护格局。研究结论:大食物观根植于地、兴旺于业、服务于人,重塑高质量国土空间格局适应大食物观的新时代需求。 相似文献
9.
David I. Gustafson Michael Collins Jonna Fry Saori Smith Marty Matlock David Zilberman 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(2):146-163
Supplying our world's growing nutrition needs in more sustainable ways has become an urgent global imperative, given the constraints of finite resources and the challenges of accelerating climate change. We present national-level eco-efficiency metrics in several representative production countries during the most recent decade (2000–2010) for four important crops: canola, cotton, maize, and soybeans. The metrics address greenhouse gas emissions and the utilization of land, water, and energy – all calculated per unit of production. We group countries based on their level of agricultural intensification and find that high-intensification countries are achieving the highest and yet still increasing levels of eco-efficiency, with these decadal gains: canola (26%), cotton (23%), maize (17%), and soybeans (18%). By stark contrast, low-intensification countries had no change in eco-efficiency during this same decade. Overall, our results suggest large opportunities for additional improvements in the developing world, and that cumulative resource savings through intensification have been significant. For instance, in the case of irrigated maize, if the high- and medium-intensification production countries had only achieved the same irrigation water-use efficiency as in the low-intensification countries, approximately 4 quadrillion (4×1015) more litres of irrigation water would have been consumed during the period 2000–2010. 相似文献
10.
David I. Gustafson James W. Jones Cheryl H. Porter Glenn Hyman Michael D. Edgerton Tom Gocken 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(4):471-486
Climate change represents an unavoidable and growing challenge to food security, imposing new adaptation imperatives on all farmers. Maize is arguably the world's most productive grain crop, as measured by grain yield. However, maize yields vary dramatically due to many factors, including soils, climate, pests, disease, agronomic practices, and seed quality. The difference between observed yields and those achievable by optimized crop production methods is called the yield gap. In this work we quantified the current yield gap for 44 countries through the use of a large private-sector data set recently made available to the crop modelling community. The yield gap was quantified for three groups of countries, categorized by level of intensification. Observed yield gaps for high, medium, and low levels of intensification are 23%, 46%, and 68%, respectively. If all maize production countries were able to shrink their yield gap to 16.5% (as in the USA) an additional 335?million metric tons (MMT) of maize grain would be produced. This represents a 45% increase over the 741?MMT produced by these countries in 2010. These data demonstrate that a major untapped maize yield opportunity exists, especially in those countries where intensification has not kept pace with the rest of the world. 相似文献
11.
基于粮食安全的林业生物质能发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以粮食为基础的生物能源已有危及粮食安全的倾向。发展林业生物质能有重要意义,中国有发展林业生物质能的巨大潜力,但当前也存在一些影响因素。为了实现能源安全和粮食安全的双赢,今后生物能源的发展应以非粮作物为主。应认识到发展林业生物质能重要性,加强技术研究,强化科技自主创新,加大产业扶持力度。 相似文献
12.
粮食安全是国家和谐稳定、繁荣昌盛的重要条件之一,以法律法规对其进行规范是保障粮食安全的有效手段.近年来,随着经济全球化的不断发展,世界粮食价格波动,为我国粮食市场的稳定带来了新的挑战.本文介绍了粮食安全法制建设发展历程,对粮食安全法制建设的相关研究进行综述,并提出几点建议,为完善我国粮食安全法制保障体系提供参考. 相似文献
13.
论中国的耕地保护与粮食安全 ——与茅于轼先生商榷 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究目的:讨论和评析茅于轼先生在其主持的《耕地保护与粮食安全》研究中所提出的若干观点,以澄清我们对耕地保护与粮食安全的相关认识。研究方法:文献资料法、统计分析法。研究结果:(1)仅从经济分析角度评价中国的耕地保护政策是不科学的;(2)应该认识到粮食安全是包括粮食数量安全、质量安全、社会安全和生态安全的科学体系;(3)对未来粮食缺口的预测必须科学合理;(4)房价问题较为复杂,不能简单将其归咎于耕地保护政策的实施。研究结论:茅于轼先生的研究在立论基础、分析过程和结论提出等方面都存在缺陷。 相似文献
14.
论文从粮食安全的视角分析了我国陆上粮食生产面临的挑战,阐释了现代食物观,认为维护我国粮食安全需要节流开源发展海洋农业,构建现代食物观,通过多种途径维护食物安全;论文阐述了海洋农业的基础地位,指出了其在完善农业产业链条、维护粮食安全体系完整等方面的基础性价值,并提出了发展我国海洋农业的政策建议。 相似文献
15.
食品是人们生存发展的基本物质保障,其安全状态关系着民生问题。为提高我国食品安全监管水平,必须充分认识现阶段食品安全面临的新形势。本文通过研究食品安全监管现状及保障体系,以此找到监管过程中存在的问题,包括食品安全监管落实不到位、监管主体职责不清晰等,从而提出食品安全监管保障体系的构建方法,为食品安全监管提供理论支持。 相似文献
16.
粮食安全关系到国计民生,是国家战略的重要组成部分。首先简述了我国粮食市场现状和特点以及我国粮食产量的"九连增"对粮食安全的贡献;然后通过分析弃耕现象、人们消费结构的变化和土地资源及水资源的制约,挖掘出我国现存的粮食安全隐忧;最后提出了确保粮食安全的措施。 相似文献
17.
目的 文章着眼全球粮食安全大视野大格局,在系统分析谷物生产、区域布局、贸易消费的基础上,综合研判全球谷物增产潜力和动能,立足国内国际提出保障国家粮食安全的政策建议。方法 基于此前和今后一个时期全球谷物生产贸易情况,综合运用历史、实证等研究方法,提出全球视角下保障国家粮食安全的重点任务。结果 我国粮食安全总体有保障,但也存在粮食供需紧平衡、国内外价格倒挂等困难和挑战。结论 落实国家粮食安全战略,坚持国内稳产与海外拓展统筹、适度进口与多元进口并举、自主创新与技术交流兼顾、市场实力与治理能力协同,以企业集团为依托布局全球粮食产业链,以科技服务为重点参与全球粮食生产,以渠道多元化为原则优化重点品种进口,以大豆为切入点增强农产品议价能力,把牢国家粮食安全主动权。 相似文献
18.
本文在深入分析食物安全、家庭食物安全内涵的基础上,利用12个国家挟贫重点县的农户调查资料,通过构建指标体系对我国贫困农村的家庭食物安全水平和程度进行衡量和评价,并对其影响因素进行了分析,结果表明:近20多年来,我国贫困农村地区的家庭食物安全水平不断提高,食物安全广度不断扩大,但是食物安全深度却出现下降;食物获得能力对家庭食物安全具有显著的正影响,提高贫困农村地区居民的收入水平和家庭粮食自给能力有助于降低家庭的食物不安全发生概率;食物可获得性对家庭食物安全具有非常显著的正影响,市场方便度越高,实现家庭食物安全的概率越高;家庭规模和家庭结构对家庭食物安全具有显著影响,随着家庭规模、家庭结构复杂程度和家庭温饱负担程度的提高,农户面临的食物不安全风险的概率也在增加。 相似文献
19.
山区粮食安全的主要问题是粮源不足、收入偏低、物流不畅、信息迟缓、库存趋“零”及市场发育不完善,以“三小”(小集市、小作坊、小商贩)经营为主,粮食加工企业不进山,加工品流通效率低,难以应急。从粮食安全工作中存在的问题出发,把完善保障制度建设和工作措施作为切入点,为进一步加强新时期我国山区粮食安全保障工作制度提供一些政策性对策与建议。 相似文献
20.
温翠青 《中国农业资源与区划》2016,37(5):125-129
粮食安全问题是一个关系我国国计民生的重要课题。发展非耕地技术,既可有效增加农业土地资源,提高土地使用率与土地质量,又可有效缓解城乡建设用地需求,解决果菜等经济作物与粮争地矛盾,并具有利用非耕地光热资源发展低碳农业,保护与改善生态环境的优势。文章通过到内蒙古自治区有关市(县)采取实地查勘、问卷调查、走访农户、搜集数据和逻辑分析等方法,针对内蒙古自治区非耕地发展的现状、问题、成因进行实地调研发现,近年来内蒙古非耕地农业发展迅速,面积增长较快,但主要集中在蔬菜、水果生产方面。非耕地苜蓿种植一方面有利于非耕地发展,另一方面可以从各方面提高粮食安全水平。 相似文献