IASB和我国保险会计准则的比较分析:基于保险合同计量部分

随着国际保险会计的迅速发展,我国保险行业的会计也深受国际潮流的影响。2010年8月,国际会计准则委员会(IASB)发布了《征求意见稿——保险合同》,进一步完善了保险会计的规定。我国财政部于2009年12月正式发布了《保险合同相关会计处理规定》。本文主要对IASB最新发布的IFRS 4征求意见稿——保险合同与我国保险会计准则中的保险合同计量部分进行了较为详细的比较分析,并讨论了新准则对我国保险实务的影响,望能为我国保险会计的发展提供一定的参考。     

国际保险会计准则的最新发展及对我国的影响——基于IFRS17和IFRS9

中国采用了会计准则与国际财务报告准则实际持续趋同的路径。国际会计准则理事会IFRS 17与IFRS 9的发布与生效,将对中国保险行业的会计实务、财务信息、经营管理与战略等多方面产生重大影响与冲击。本文讨论国际保险会计准则最新变化对我国的影响,分析IFRS 17关于保险合同会计准则确认、计量与披露的重大调整,讨论IFRS 17与IFRS 9与我国当前会计实务的差异与影响,在此基础上讨论我国保险合同会计与保险公司所面临的改革与挑战。     

IFRS4最新征求意见的评析及前瞻

由于保险会计的特殊性和复杂性,各国的保险会计准则具有差异性。为统一国际保险会计准则,国际会计准则理事会(IASB)于2004年发布了第一阶段成果——《国际财务报告准则第4号——保险合同》(IFRS4)。随着第二阶段工作的推进,IASB分别于2010年和2013年发布征求意见稿,在全球范围内进行意见征集。本文主要针对2013年7月IFRS4最新征求意见稿进行内容评析,并与当前我国保险会计实务进行对比,探讨了此次征求意见可能会对我国保险业产生的影响及我国保险公司应作的准备。     

保险会计改革进程中的机遇和挑战——以IFRS 17为代表的国际会计准则出台

一、引言2017年5月18日,国际会计准则理事会(IASB)发布了《国际财务报告准则第17号——保险合同》(简称"IFRS 17")。新准则取代现行的会计准则IFRS 4,目的在于确立适用于保险合同的、一致且原则导向的会计准则。IFRS 17要求保险负债以当前履约价值计量.     

IFRS17对保险公司经营管理的影响

<正>《国际财务报告准则第17号——保险合同》（以下简称“IFRS17”或“新准则”）与国内现行保险会计准则在会计确认、计量、列报和披露等方面存在较大差异,IFRS17的实施将对保险业务收入和支出、保险合同资产和负债、财务利润等带来巨大变化,对保险公司经营管理产生深远影响。因此,本文探讨IFRS17的关键变化及对经营管理的影响,并提出保险公司应对策略。     

IFRS17对财产保险公司损益及经营管理的影响分析

《国际财务报告准则第17号—保险合同》（IFRS17）和《企业会计准则第25号—保险合同》已于2023年正式执行。IFRS17的实施能够增强保险行业会计信息透明度,提升行业数据可比性。由于新准则在保险合同的确认、计量与列报上与旧准则有较大差异,将对我国保险业的发展趋势、行业监管和企业经营管理产生重大影响。本文从新准则在保险合同拆分、保险服务收入确认、费用重分类等核心变化出发,分析了其对保险公司损益的影响,并在此基础上讨论了我国财产保险公司今后经营管理过程中将面临的挑战与对策。     

保险会计准则比较研究

通过对比美国GAAP相关准则及国际会计准则IFRS4号《保险合同》,我国保险合同会计准则在规定条文方面缺少必要的严谨性,在保险特殊业务规范和信息披露方面也还需要做出进一步的具体规定.     

浅议新企业会计准则的特点和对保险企业的影响

新企业会计准则将于2007年1月1日在保险行业执行,该系列准则体现了中国会计规定与国际财务报告准则的趋同性,其中涉及保险企业的相关准则,系统地把握了保险会计的特点,规范了保险会计的核算,将在快速发展的中国保险业产生深远影响。本文从准则实施的意义入手,讨论了保险合同准则的新特点,定性地分析了该准则对保险行业会计数据和经营成果带来的影响。     

新保险会计准则IFRS17即将带来的重大变革(上)

2017年5月,国际会计准则理事会(International Accounting Standards Board,简称IASB)正式发布Intemational Financial Reporting Standard 17:Insurance Contracts,即《国际财务报告标准17:保险合同》(以下简称IFRS17),以取代2004年发布的《IFRS4:保险合同》。     

非寿险保险合同负债计量的演进与比较——基于中国上市产险公司准则转换数据

保险合同负债的计量是保险会计的一大世界性难题.日前在国际保险会计领域正进行一次重大变革,公允价值计量将全面引入保险合同负债计量.通过对美国公认会计准则、美国监管会计准则、国际会计准则以及欧洲偿付能力二号等有关保险合同负债计量方法的比较,能够反映出相关会计理念的演进过程.同时,从中国上市保险公司披露的真实数据出发,可以分...     

保险合同会计:国际动态与对策研究

保险合同会计因保险合同的特殊性而成为当代财务会计的一个难点热点问题,对其进行规范也是近年来各国家会计准则制定机构努力的目标。国际会计准则理事会(IASB)作为国际财务报告准则的制定机构,近年来为了统一全球保险合同会计实务,对保险合同相关会计问题作了大量的研究、探讨和规范工作,取得了显著进展。本文系统介绍并总结了IASB在保险合同会计项目上的研究历程、最新进展,以及目前正在研究和探索的核心会计问题,进而对完善我国保险合同相关会计准则提出了若干对策。     

IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts — verbesserte Versicherungsrechnungslegung?

IFRS 4, issued at March 31^st, 2004, represents phase I of the IASB project on insurance accounting enabling insurance companies in the European Economic Area to prepare their financial statements according to IAS/IFRS by providing basic rules. The incentives resulting from the ?temporary“ declaration are rather complex; IFRS 4 contains only few provisions including temporary choices in accounting treatment. Although phase II of the insurance project dealing with insurance liabilities and other actuarial positions is rather well predictable in many respects the IASB keeps a significant scope of discretion for this phase. IFRS 4 does not represent a self-contained accounting concept; the asset and the debit side of the balance sheet are not coordinated, the former is characterized by a significantly higher volatility. IFRS 4 merely aims at ?limited improvements to accounting (…) for insurance contracts“. This moderate objective can be regarded as accomplished. Some of the new mandatory regulations, however, are internationally controversial issues. The effects of IFRS 4 on the price of shares and the cost of capital of insurance companies represent a worthwhile issue for research. Increased transparency, especially due to additional disclosure requirements, and enhanced volatility are opposing each other, and it is rather difficult to assess which effect will predominate under which circumstances.     

Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Beaufsichtigung und Rechnungslegung von Versicherungsunternehmen: IFRS und Solvency II

Accounting and supervision are closely related, especially via the determination of regulatory capital. As a precondition for the harmonisation of solvency rules within Europe, as discussed in the context of Solvency II, there is a need for harmonised accounting rules regarding the recognition and measurement of assets and liabilities. The International Financial Reporting Standards resp. International Accounting Standards (IFRS resp. IAS) are used as a starting point. Insurance contracts are accounted for under IFRS 4, published in March 2004, which is only established as an interim standard allowing insurance companies to continue their existing accounting policy without major changes in their accounting systems. The IASB has just begun working on a final standard (Phase II). The IASB’s work on the final standard should be taken into account for the determination of regulatory capital as well. The third pillar of Solvency II is an additional connection between international accounting standards and the Solvency II project: extensive disclosure requirements companies shall provide disciplinary transparency with regard to their risk management systems and risk profiles.     

Bewertung der Fair Value-Bilanzierung von Versicherungsverträgen anhand der IASB-Zielsetzungen

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published the Exposure Draft ?Insurance Contracts“ in July 2010. This standard draft is the basis for the final IFRS for accounting of insurance contracts and will replace the currently valid interim standard IFRS 4. In its Discussion Paper from May 2007 the IASB proposed the valuation of insurance liabilities based on a Current Exit Value. However, in the Exposure Draft the board changed his opinion (not at least due to the visible consequences of the last financial crisis) and follows an approach based on so called fulfillment cash flows. This new approach is different in many details and aims at creating a greater objectivity. Goal of this article is firstly to introduce the target valuation model and to judge it based on criteria developed in the paper. Furthermore, alternatives that could be applied in a final standard shall be shown.     

A Multi-Issue/Multi-Period Analysis of the Geographic Diversity of IASB Comment Letter Participation

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) establishes accounting standards now used in some form in over 100 countries. Diverse geographical participation in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) standard-setting is seen as desirable as it may improve the consistency of IFRS applications, reduce criticism of regional over-influence, and promote the legitimacy of the IASB. This study investigates country participation and the regional and institutional factors that influence the geographic diversity of comment letters (CLs) in the IASB's standard-setting process. Using CLs regarding 57 IASB issues from 2001 through 2008, we find that countries with EU membership, G4+1 membership, donations to the IASB, and larger equity market development are associated with larger numbers of CLs and CL writers. Analysis of a subsample of more developed countries finds some evidence that countries with more historic divergence in accounting standards from IFRS also have more CL writers. In most countries, one of several major stakeholder interest groups, such as professional accountancy bodies, accounting standard-setters, and public accounting firms, send at least half of the CLs. While response levels for most countries vary greatly depending upon the nature or topic of an IASB issue, overall response levels remain low at just over 100 responses per issue and did not increase over time. While geographic diversity and response rates are greater than its predecessor the International Accounting Standards Committee, they are lower than those of many national standard-setters, possibly raising due process and legitimacy issues for the IASB.     

Gestaltungsformen der Bilanzierung von Versicherungsverträgen: ein kritischer Vergleich von Deferral / Matching- und Asset / Liability-Ansätzen

On 31 of March 2004 the IASB issued the IFRS 4 (Insurance Contracts), which is a stepping stone to the second phase of its project on insurance contracts. The new standard deals with limited improvements to accounting practices for insurance contracts, without requiring major changes that may need to be revised in phase II. In the second phase of the project a recognition and measurement model is expected to be finalised which differs significantly from the traditional approach to accounting for insurance contracts. It will be an asset / liability-approach that requires an entity to identify and measure directly the rights and obligations arising from insurance contracts. The resulting assets and liabilities should be measured at their fair value. In contrast to the asset / liability-approach, the traditional approach to accounting for insurance contracts, referred to as deferral / mat-ching-approach, emphasises the measurement of income. Both approaches and their corresponding implications on the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement are analysed in detail.     

Revenue Recognition under IFRS Revisited: Conceptual Models,Current Proposals and Practical Consequences

Since 2002, the FASB and the IASB have been undertaking a joint project on the revision and convergence of US GAAP and IFRS revenue recognition. Even though the outcome of the project is still open, the project's course as well as trends in recently published IFRS and other current IASB projects suggest that existing earnings-based and realisation-based IFRS revenue recognition criteria are likely to be replaced by a radically new approach. This paper demonstrates the inconsistencies in current IFRS revenue recognition that have triggered the project and then presents and discusses three conceptually different revenue recognition models that are internationally debated at present. The paper concludes that a major revision of existing IFRS revenue recognition as proposed by the FASB and the IASB is not required. It is argued that the perceived deficiencies should rather be solved on the basis of current transaction-based IFRS revenue criteria.     

Perceptions of accounting professionals in the adoption and implementation of a single set of global accounting standards: Evidence from Bahrain

In the quest for a single set of global accounting standards, the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) continues to work with regulators in other countries toward adoption of IFRS. This study reports on an exploratory study of Bahrain's accounting and auditing professionals' perceptions about important issues relevant to developing and implementing global accounting standards. Bahrain is a financial hub of the Middle East with distinct features that could provide some insights to harmonization issues. The respondents' views portray optimism by auditors and non-auditors that harmonization of accounting standards is a worthwhile objective that can be fairly, but gradually accomplished. However, the survey data indicate expected challenges in applying the IFRS principles-based accounting standards. The survey findings suggest that there will be a growing demand for detailed application guidance for IFRS. Also, it appears that nationalism may well continue to be a major impediment to global adoption of IFRS.     

An examination of the perceptions of auditors and chief financial officers regarding principles versus rules based accounting standards

The debate over the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by United States issuers, or its convergence with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) has been going on for several years now. However, as of this writing, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has still not taken a definitive position on the issue. This is in part due to issues involving the cost of adoption, independence concerns relating to the IFRS promulgation body, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and the debate over which type of accounting standards is superior for financial reporting: IFRS, which are said to be “principles-based,” or U.S. GAAP, which are said to be “rules-based.” In this paper we examined the views of two stakeholders in the U.S. financial reporting system, auditors in large public accounting firms and Chief Financial Officers in the Fortune 1000. We elicited their perceptions involving ten situations where specific rules are incorporated in U.S. GAAP. We asked if the elimination of the specific rule would be likely to better achieve the “qualitative characteristics of useful financial information” as defined by the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in 2010 (FASB 2010) and the similar document adopted by the IASB at the same time (IASB 2010). We found that in eight of the ten situations both groups preferred the rules-based accounting regime (the current U.S. GAAP rules) over a principles-based approach.     

中国对于国际会计协调的基本态度与所面临的问题

本文从分析当前国际经济全球化的背景和国际财务报告准则制定及其应用的急剧变化出发,认为我们应当积极关注国际财务报告准则发展和国际会计协调与趋同的进展情况。尽管我国目前尚没有完全采用国际财务报告准则,但是中国实际上也是国际财务报告准则的使用者和受益者,为此,中国一方面支持国际会计准则理事会制定全球公认会计准则的努力,另一方面也将积极参与国际会计协调与趋同进程。与此同时,考虑到中国当前所面临的特殊会计环境及其对我国会计国际协调与趋同的影响,中国会计国际化将适应经济发展的需要,走一条渐进式改革之路。为此,本文提出了一个务实、可行的会计国际化策略。