The estimation of residential property values around transit station sites in Washington,D.C.

The author examines in this study the relationship between public investment in METRO and property values in several neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., in order to determine if public investment in heavy rail transit systems increases residential property values. In order to examine this relationship, a hedonic price equation which included a dummy independent variable was estimated. Analysis of the data revealed a significant direct relationship between the opening of METRO and residential property values. Therefore, it can be concluded that public investment in METRO caused property values to increase around station site areas.     

基于Vue.js的城市轨道交通综合安防系统模块化设计研究

近年来,随着Web前端技术的快速发展,用户对产品的体验和可用性需求大幅度提升,衍生出目前流行的三大前端框架Angular.js、React.js、Vue.js。而Vue.js由美籍华人开发,性能强悍、文档清晰明了、简单易学且更契合国内开发者习惯,成为国内当前最受欢迎的前端框架。以功能强大、开发方便的Vue.js作为城市轨道交通综合安防系统的后台开发,通过其模块化设计模式,可以构建出更高效、更快捷、可维护性强、更符合用户体验的用户界面。     

Governance and effects of public R&D subsidies: Evidence from China

This study examines the effects of public research and development (R&D) subsidies and the governance of such subsidies on firm productivity based on the analysis of a firm-level panel dataset between 1998 and 2007 in China. It is found that public R&D subsidies tend to support more productive firms and the productivity of these government-backed firms is improved further after they get the government support. Less attention is paid to the observable or measurable performance measurements in ex-ante project selection, and the ex-post effects are stronger when the governance of the public R&D subsidies becomes more decentralized due to an exogenous policy change. In other words, better decentralization of governance is associated with more pronounced effects of R&D subsidies. Identification concerns are addressed with various approaches to confirm the treatment effect of public R&D subsidies and the governance of such subsidies.     

城市轨道交通电力系统故障分析及应对方法

随着城市规模的不断扩大,人口数量不断增加,这使得城市交通压力越来越大,那么就需要完善城市轨道交通,更好地推动城市发展建设。现阶段,城市轨道交通作为城市公共交通的重要工具,具有快捷、节能等优点,所以已经成为城市基础建设的重要部分。稳定的电力系统是保证城市轨道交通稳定运行的基础。论文主要先说明城市轨道交通电力系统故障的原因,然后说明城市轨道交通电力系统故障类型,最后说明城市轨道交通电力系统故障的应对方法。     

基于GIS的城市轨道交通与土地复合利用研究--以南京为例

在分析南京市轨道交通建设发展背景和特点的基础上,利用GIS方法提取南京轨道交通1号线沿线2000m效应场内的居住用地、公共设施用地、工业用地,特别是商业金融业用地信息,并基于廊道效应理论对2002年上述用地进行了综合比较,进而探讨南京市轨道交通建设对城市土地利用空间分异的潜在影响,旨在从空间角度研究轨道交通线路与沿线土地利用的相互关系.     

铁路货物运到期限保障的探讨

铁路货物运到期限不能得到保障，已成为影响其在运输市场中的竞争能力的一个重要原因。本文在分析目前铁路货物运到期限现状及其影响因素的基础上，提出了保障铁路货物运到期限的解决方案。提出两种方案，一种是在现行组织模式下的改进，另一种是以保障运到期限为出发点的会新的解决方案。     

浅谈现代化城市轨道交通运输安全管理模式

随着我国市场经济的不断完善,形成了当前各行业综合性发展的趋势,城市轨道交通运输之间的竞争压力也越来越大,除了要在运输上提供优质服务之外,还需要对自身的管理逐步实行精细化、规范化。由于城市轨道交通运输的特殊性,其安全管理一直都是城市轨道交通运输管理的重中之重。论文从城市轨道交通运输现状进行分析,探索加强安全自主管理的对策。     

轨道交通档案管理信息化建设存在的问题及对策

基于轨道交通运输容量大、快速、安全等方面的优势,其在我国各大城市的建设规模不断扩大,轨道交通档案管理愈加重要。开展轨道交通档案管理的信息化建设具有诸多优势,但是当前在轨道交通档案管理的信息化建设中存在着一些问题,论文根据这些问题展开分析,并提出相应的建设方案,以使轨道交通档案管理的信息化管理优势得到更好的发挥。     

北京城区轨道交通换乘站点布局及其便捷度评价

轨道交通换乘站点的便捷程度直接影响着整个轨道交通线网的效率,它不仅是决定人们选择出行方式的关键因素,也是轨道交通规划设计首先需要考虑的问题。以北京城区除4号线以外的现有轨道交通线路之间的换乘车站为研究对象,通过主、客观对比研究的方式,分析和评价北京城区轨道交通换乘便捷度水平,研究各换乘站点便捷度的强弱及其空间分布的合理性,对目前北京轨道交通换乘站点分布中存在的问题提出对策建议。     

Does public transit reduce car travel externalities? Quasi-natural experiments' evidence from transit strikes

One of the unanswered questions in the field of urban economics is to which extent subsidies to public transit are justified. We examine one of the main benefits of public transit, a reduction in car congestion externalities, the so-called congestion relief benefit, using quasi-natural experimental data on citywide public transit strikes for Rotterdam, a city with mild congestion levels. On weekdays, a strike induces travel times to increase only marginally on the highway ring road (0.017 min/km) but substantially on inner city roads (0.224 min/km). During rush hour, the strike effect is much more pronounced. The congestion relief benefit of public transit is substantial, equivalent to about 80% of the public transit subsidy. We demonstrate that during weekends, travel time does not change noticeably due to strikes. Furthermore, we show that public transit strikes induce similar increases in number of cyclists as number of car travelers suggesting that bicycling-promoting policies to reduce car congestion externalities might be attractive in combination with first-best congestion pricing.     

城市轨道交通AFC系统标准读卡器分析

南京地铁Reader_9200_2C系列轨道交通专用读写器是一款针对轨道交通行业的特点,专门研究满足轨道交通行业需求的、交易处理内置型非接触式IC卡读写器。它可用于轨道交通自动售检票系统和票务清分系统中的自动售票机、自动加值机、票房售票机、自动检票机、初始化编码机等设备。     

城市轨道交通不同运营阶段的补贴模式选择

通过对轨道交通阶段性营运特点的分析,确定不同阶段的标准成本,结合补贴政策制定的约束性条件,以确定轨道交通在不同营运阶段的补贴模式选择。     

A comparative assessment of the productivity of Australia's public rail systems 1971/72–1991/92

There is a growing interest in the establishment of suitable measures of the overall performance of government business enterprises, particularly railways, which are a major recipient of government subsidy. They must improve their performance and become more cost efficient. Any policy designed to reduce costs must consider the implications of resultant actions on the overall productivity of a business. We propose the use of the total factor productivity index as an appropriate reference benchmark, to enable each railway to evaluate the productivity implications of any change to the operating and managerial environment. Using the Institute of Transport Studies' rail database, total factor productivity indices are derived annually from 1971/72 to 1991/92 for the 5 major public rail systems in Australia and sources of variation are identified.The paper recognizes the need to identify sources of variation in productivity which translate into operational guidelines for management in assisting them to improve performance over time. A contribution is the recognition of the importance of including both demand side (final output) and supply, side measures of output (intermediate output). Final output may be more important for monitoring the performance of an enterprise from a cost-effectiveness perspective, but a supply side measure is often more useful to operators because it is the dimension of output over which they have more control.The research reported in this paper was partially funded by an Australian Research Council grant (No. A78930595).     

The location of public services considering the mode of travel

By reason of their generally longer travel times, transit users are not so well-served by many public facilities as are automobile drivers. This paper investigates the implications of this fact for the location of a specific type of service, public child day care. A location-allocation model is employed to determine the most accessible locations for a set of centres in Edmonton, Canada, for users of both modes. Transit is found to be capable of providing only 51% of the accessibility of the automobile, at 2.4 times the average travel time. The argument is advanced that in order to reduce the inequality of service to a minimum, public facilities should be located with the accessibilities of transit users in mind. The optimal systems are compared with Edmonton's present system which is found to be spatially inefficient and quite discriminatory in its inefficiency against transit users. This is attributed to the city's piecemeal planning policy and an inadequate understanding of the notion of accessibility. The paper concludes by recommending improvements which would improve our simple diagnostic model to the level of a useful planning device.     

Manufacturing strategy implementation and cost management systems effectiveness

The fit between manufacturing strategy and the use of cost management systems that could effectively support a firm's information needs in strategic and operational decision-making is prerequisite for a firm's ability to attain desired objectives in its value chain. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the use of just-in-time and electronic data interchange systems, as an important dimension of a firm's manufacturing strategy, and the perceptions of top financial officers about the effectiveness of cost management systems in supporting strategic and operational decision needs. The results for the research hypothesis, which was examined using a sample of 604 manufacturing organizations in the USA, provided some support for the argument that perceptions of effectiveness of a firm's CMS can be a valid indicator of how well is the CMS designed to support strategic and operational decision needs that are necessary for the implementation of a firm's manufacturing strategy.     

轨道交通对城市住房发展的影响综述

从轨道交通对城市住房价格和空间分布、居住用地开发强度的影响及影响的时效性等各方面综述了国内外研究进展,得出以下结论:除个别区域和时段外,轨道交通将引起沿线住房价格上涨,位于郊区、开发成熟度低的地区和中等价值的住房价格上涨最为明显;轨道交通将引起沿线居住用地开发强度的提高,提高的幅度与站点的功能关系密切;轨道交通吸引住房需求向轨道线路和站点附近集聚,并使市中心的居住需求向郊区转移,加快郊区化进程,同时改变中心区住房的类型结构,最终改变城市的空间结构;轨道交通对住房价格的影响具有时效性,影响程度随规划、施工、运营等不同时期而不同。     

智慧城市轨道交通建设的有效性研究

随着我国城市建设进程不断地加快,相关政府部门加强了对智慧城市轨道交通的建设.要想保证整体建设的有效性,就要制定科学的智慧城轨战略,加强对数字化和网络化等新技术的有效应用,促进与城轨之间的深度融合,进而实现城市轨道交通的信息化建设.     

大城市快速轨道交通线网空间布局

文章主要分析大城市空间结构演化过程中轨道线网结构特征及其积极作用 ,寻求与我国大城市空间结构发展相适应的快速轨道交通线网空间布局。     

Transitive properties: a spatial econometric analysis of new business creation around transit

This paper evaluates the relationship between transit station proximity and new business creation in five US regions with varying levels of maturity in rail transit development and/or entrepreneurial ecosystems: Boston, San Jose, Austin, Cleveland and Philadelphia. It tests a variety of spatial econometric models to find the best specification and compares the results with the kinds of non-spatial models currently used in the literature. This provides a better understanding of the role of various forms of spatial dependence in the transit – new business creation relationship and shows that existing models may overstate the impact of transit on new business creation. In addition, the paper teases out differences between regions, rail modes and business types that can be usefully applied to a variety of urban contexts.     

Greenwash: Corporate Environmental Disclosure under Threat of Audit

We develop an economic model of “greenwash,” in which a firm strategically discloses environmental information and an activist may audit and penalize the firm for disclosing positive but not negative aspects of its environmental profile. We fully characterize the model's equilibria, and derive a variety of predictions about disclosure behavior. We rationalize conflicting results in the empirical literature, finding a nonmonotonic relationship between a firm's expected environmental performance and its environmental disclosures. Greater activist pressure deters greenwash, but induces some firms to disclose less about their environmental performance. Environmental management systems discourage firms with poor expected environmental performance from greenwashing, which may justify public policies encouraging firms to adopt them.